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Influence Of The Composition And Character Of Dissolved Organic Matter Dom On The Removal Of Mercury From Surface Water In Metal Based Coagulation Systems
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Book Synopsis Influence of the Composition and Character of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) on the Removal of Mercury from Surface Water in Metal Based-coagulation Systems by : Farith Adilson Díaz Arriaga
Download or read book Influence of the Composition and Character of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) on the Removal of Mercury from Surface Water in Metal Based-coagulation Systems written by Farith Adilson Díaz Arriaga and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), mercury pollution still represents a major threat to human health and the environment, mainly in regions where metallic mercury (Hg0) is used to extract gold or where coal burning increases the emissions of mercury in the atmosphere. In the particular case of the metallic mercury used in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), there is substantial evidence about the direct impact of mercury on human health, mainly due to the inhalation of vapor mercury and the intake of fish with high levels of methylmercury (MeHg). Once metallic mercury is dumped into rivers and soils, this pollutant can react with sulfur reduced ligands in sediments or can be converted to Hg(II) and it will interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments. Such interaction will control the fate of this pollutant in water, as well as its toxicity and mobility downstream rivers. Accordingly, these Hg-DOM interactions will also control the ability to remove this pollutant during water treatment. This research shows that out, of the different functional groups present in dissolved organic matter, reduced sulfur ligands (S [subscript red] ) play a key role in removing mercury from waters with low Hg/DOM ratio. This trend is particularly evident in waters with low in aromatic content (which translate to low DOC removal) and high concentrations of S [subscript red] ligands. At much higher mercury concentrations, once the S [subscript red] ligands are saturated with mercury, the carboxylic ligands control the removal of mercury from solution. Under these conditions, the removal of mercury is proportional to the removal of carbon (∼1:1 ratio) as all the Hg(II) ions are bound to the all the functional groups available for Hg(II) complexation, even binding weak ligands such as carboxylic acids. In all cases, it is necessary to provide optimal coagulation conditions (pH and coagulant dose) to effectively remove dissolved organic matter, and therefore associated mercury, from solution.
Book Synopsis Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization and Impact on Mercury Binding in an Urbanizing Watershed by : Mykel Danielle Mendes
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization and Impact on Mercury Binding in an Urbanizing Watershed written by Mykel Danielle Mendes and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) on Mercury Speciation and Reactivity in Rainwater by :
Download or read book Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) on Mercury Speciation and Reactivity in Rainwater written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis What the Floc by : Yumiko Kuwabara Clare Henneberry
Download or read book What the Floc written by Yumiko Kuwabara Clare Henneberry and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sacramento San Joaquin Delta (Delta) in California is currently one of the largest production centers of agriculture in the State and also provides over 23 million residents with potable water. The conversion of this region, once a vast wetland, into a series of agricultural islands intertwined with levees has brought on various environmental issues including severe subsidence and water quality problems. Subsidence weakens the already fragile levee system, increasing flood risk, while high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), largely originating from agricultural runoff and drainage water from the peat islands, react during the water purification process to form carcinogenic by-products. In addition, the use of mercury (Hg) for gold mining during the late 1800's to mid 1900s in the region as well as combined natural and industrial deposition has caused an increase in aquatic Hg concentrations. The research presented in this dissertation attempts to assess the feasibility of applying metal based-coagulants to agricultural drainage water from the Delta and retaining the subsequent organo-metal complex (floc) in a wetland environment to reduce contaminant concentrations and reverse subsidence. Metal-based coagulants such as iron sulfate and aluminum chloride are used in the water industry to remove various constituents such as dissolved organic matter (DOC) from solution. We found that coagulation removes significant amounts of both inorganic Hg (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) as well as native and newly amended IHg. The Hg that was removed by coagulation was found to be associated with the larger molecular weight, aromatic fractions of DOC, the fraction forming disinfection by products. Once formed, the floc can adsorb further IHg, withstand reductive crystallinity under abiotic reducing conditions, and retain the DOC incorporated within the floc structure. Results from this study offer new fundamental insights into the large scale removal of both DOC and IHg at environmentally relevant concentrations and also imply that using coagulation in conjunction with constructed wetlands to retain the floc is a viable method to ameliorate DOM and Hg concentrations in natural environments.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Impact of Permanganate Pre-oxidation on Dissolved Organic Matter During Drinking Water Treatment Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry by : Juliana R. Laszakovits
Download or read book Investigating the Impact of Permanganate Pre-oxidation on Dissolved Organic Matter During Drinking Water Treatment Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Juliana R. Laszakovits and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural and engineered aquatic systems. DOM can be problematic during drinking water treatment due to its ability to scavenge oxidants and react with chlorine to form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Drinking water treatment plant operators aim to minimize DBP formation by removing DOM (alum coagulation and activated carbon sorption) or altering DOM composition (permanganate oxidation). While permanganate pre-oxidation has been claimed widely to be an effective strategy to reduce DBP formation, its impact on drinking water treatment and subsequent DBP formation remains poorly understood. Here, a novel ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric approach was used to characterize DOM by combining data from multiple ionization techniques to provide greater insight on DOM molecular level changes induced by treatment. In Chapter 2, this approach was applied along with Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to understand which DOM components react with permanganate for two DOM isolates (a terrestrial isolate and a microbial isolate). Aromatic and nitrogenous components were found to react with permanganate and help explain previously observed trends between permanganate-DOM reaction rates and SUVA-254 values as well as why algal-derived DOM can efficiently scavenge permanganate. In Chapter 3, the impact of permanganate pre-oxidation on the response of DOM to subsequent treatments was investigated using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and bulk characterization techniques for three DOM isolates that represented different DOM source types: terrestrial, algal-impacted, and wastewater effluent-impacted. Permanganate pre-oxidation enhanced removal of aromatic components by coagulation and activated carbon sorption because it added negatively charged functional groups that interacted more favorably with sorption sites. It was also observed that complimentary treatments (i.e., coagulation followed by activated carbon sorption in that order) improved overall DOM removal by targeting different fractions. In Chapter 4, the impact of these changes to DOM during drinking water treatment operations on DBP formation by chlorine was investigated for four major classes of DBPs: volatile carbonaceous DBPs (trihalomethanes and haloketones), haloacetic acids, volatile nitrogenous DBPs (halonitriles and chloropicrin), and nitrosamines. The impact of permanganate pre-oxidation on DBP formation depended on the DOM isolate type. Permanganate pre-oxidation was able to reduce nitrogenous DBP formation when applied alone but its ultimate impact depended on subsequent treatments; permanganate pre-oxidation reduced the efficacy of subsequent treatments to reduce carbonaceous DBP formation. From the ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric data obtained, two DBP precursor structures are proposed using insight gained from the multiple ionization techniques. This work highlights the advantage of using multiple ionization techniques coupled to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to characterize DOM and provides molecular level insight for a more nuanced approach to managing DOM in drinking water treatment.
Book Synopsis Molecular Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter Controls Metal Speciation and Microbial Uptake by : Vaughn Mangal
Download or read book Molecular Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter Controls Metal Speciation and Microbial Uptake written by Vaughn Mangal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic contaminant mobility and biological availability is strongly governed by the complexation oforganic and inorganic ligands. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture of organic acids, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates and polyphenols that varyin composition and cancomplex to dissolved metalsthereby altering their fate in aquatic systems. The research conductedin this doctoral dissertation addresses1) how DOM compositiondiffers betweenphytoplanktontaxa and 2) how DOM composition affectsmetal speciation and its subsequent microbial bioavailabilityin laboratory and field conditions.To accomplish this, a series of analytical methods were developed and applied toquantifythiols, sulphur containing DOM moieties,and the molecular composition of DOM.The works presented in this thesisrepresentsone of the first comprehensiveand multipronged analyses of the impact of phytoplankton metabolite exudates on microbial metalbioavailability.This dissertationdemonstratedthe analytical versatility of high-resolution mass spectrometry as a tool for compound specific information, as well as having the capabilities to obtain speciation information of organometallic complexes. Thework presentedin this PhDstrengthens the understanding compositional differences of both autochthonous and allochthonous DOM andtheir effects on metal biogeochemistry. Keywords:Dissolved organic matter, Mercury, Cadmium, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Phytoplankton, Churchill, Metal Bioavailability.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence by : Paula G. Coble
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Removal of Dissolved Organic Matter from Surface Waters by Coagulation with Trivalent Iron by : Robert L. Sinsabaugh
Download or read book Removal of Dissolved Organic Matter from Surface Waters by Coagulation with Trivalent Iron written by Robert L. Sinsabaugh and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metal Biogeochemistry in Surface-water Systems by : John F. Elder
Download or read book Metal Biogeochemistry in Surface-water Systems written by John F. Elder and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) by : Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) written by Oleg S. Pokrovsky and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temperature Effects on the Removal of Dissolved Organics from Surface Waters by Coagulation by : Sara Linn West
Download or read book Temperature Effects on the Removal of Dissolved Organics from Surface Waters by Coagulation written by Sara Linn West and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Removal of Inorganic Contaminants and Natural Organic Matter by Enhanced Alum Coagulation by : Isabella Marie Gee
Download or read book Removal of Inorganic Contaminants and Natural Organic Matter by Enhanced Alum Coagulation written by Isabella Marie Gee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of inorganic contaminants is a primary concern in drinking water treatment. Fluoride and arsenic both naturally occur in ground and surface waters throughout the world. Recent health concerns regarding extended exposure to high levels of fluoride in drinking water have prompted the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to review the fluoride maximum contaminant level (MCL). Arsenic is one of the most well-known and toxic inorganic contaminants regulated by the USEPA. While typically associated with groundwater, arsenic could be an increasing concern for surface water sources in the future. Small water systems may not have the resources to adjust their treatment scheme to accommodate a lower fluoride MCL or target arsenic removal. In this study, enhanced alum coagulation was investigated as a treatment strategy for both fluoride and arsenic. Facilities with surface water sources face a particular challenge, as the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) may interfere with the removal of fluoride and/or arsenic during coagulation. This work builds upon previous investigation of the interactions between fluoride, NOM, and aluminum during coagulation by comparing two pilot studies in Texas and Colorado. Each pilot study confirmed that enhanced alum coagulation was able to remove fluoride during continuous flow experiments using natural source water; the comparison of the studies revealed that source water composition impacts the maximum efficacy of alum coagulation for fluoride removal. A higher influent organic concentration appears to reduce the maximum efficacy of fluoride removal. However, the use of pH control may also be a contributing factor to the discrepancy in fluoride removal between pilot studies. The pilot study with a lower maximum fluoride removal had a higher influent DOC concentration, but was run without pH control. Synthetic water jar testing confirmed the ability of alum coagulation to remove arsenic (V). A maximum arsenic removal of 99% was observed for As(V) at alum doses of 100 mg/L and above, and an alum dose of 20 mg/L achieved an As(V) removal of 97%. Aluminum residuals suggest that the presence of As(V) lowers the point of zero charge for aluminum hydroxide solid.
Book Synopsis Dissolved Organic Matter Percolated from Periphyton in the Everglades: Characterization and Interaction with Mercury by : Afia Anjuman
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Matter Percolated from Periphyton in the Everglades: Characterization and Interaction with Mercury written by Afia Anjuman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When organic matters of various kinds decompose partially, dissolved or soluble organic matters can form. The organic matters are usually produced from plants, soil, bacteria, algae, and living organisms. The wetland of Everglades is rich in dissolved organic matters. The quantity and quality of these dissolved organic matters have significant impact on environmental factors such as biogeochemical activity, transport, absorption, complexation, and more specifically the speciation and geochemical cycling of toxic metals such as mercury (Hg). Everglades wetland is abundant in periphyton which can also be responsible for dissolved organic matter percolation and production. The DOM from periphyton, in particular when freshly produced and released into the water, would have a profound effect on mercury species present in the water, e.g., by forming mercury-DOM complexes. This experiment is designed to perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of DOM produced by periphyton and the complexation of mercury with the produced DOM from periphyton in molecular level. In addition to organic carbon analysis, the samples will be analyzed for optical properties by using a spectrofluorometer for information on the sources, types, and reactivity of DOM. Studies will be done with addition of inorganic and methyl mercury of different concentrations in leached DOM samples from different types of periphyton by observing fluorescence quenching for Hg-DOM complexation using 3D Excitation Emission Matrices Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Water samples from different types of periphyton will be differentiated by measuring different functional groups of DOM; such as total protein, carbohydrates, and thiols; including Chlorophyll-a and nutrients quantitatively using some standard protocols. Measurement of specific types of DOM from periphyton quantitatively will be performed by observing periphyton biomass response for interaction with mercury using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The project will improve the understanding of the relation between DOM and periphyton and the environmental processes of Hg impacted by periphyton in the Florida Everglades.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on Distribution of Heavy Metals at the Mica-water Interface by : Sang Soo Lee
Download or read book The Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on Distribution of Heavy Metals at the Mica-water Interface written by Sang Soo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Trends in Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Mercury (Hg) in a Small Precambrian Shield Watershed by : Kristin K. Mueller
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Trends in Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Mercury (Hg) in a Small Precambrian Shield Watershed written by Kristin K. Mueller and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Micro-coagulation by FeCl3 in Organic Fouling in Ultrafiltration Membranes by : Genís Viladrich Gorchs
Download or read book Effect of Micro-coagulation by FeCl3 in Organic Fouling in Ultrafiltration Membranes written by Genís Viladrich Gorchs and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coagulation is an essential treatment step in many drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) to remove small particles and certain dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) from water. The coagulation process typically includes promoting the interaction of particles to form larger aggregates, which can then be easily removed in subsequent sedimentation basins. Alum (Al2(SO4)3 and iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) are the most common coagulants used nowadays in DWTP. Coagulation is also applied in some DWTPs prior to an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane unit to enhance its performance. By applying such an approach, dissolved NOM that would entirely pass through the UF membrane aggregates with Al(OH)3 and Fe(OH)3 flocs that are retained by the membrane. Optimizing coagulant doses is thus essential to maximize removal of NOM by the membrane. If the applied coagulant dose is too low then a large portion of NOM remains in water and is not removed, while if the applied coagulant dose is too high then Al(OH)3 and Fe(OH)3 flocs accumulate on the membrane leading to fouling problems. Another detrimental effect of an excess of Al2(SO4)3 is that residual Al3+ remaining in the UF permeate can have detrimental effects on subsequent reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The objective of this TFG was to evaluate in bench-scale jar-tests experiments the effect of dosing a Fe- and an Al-based coagulant (separately and together) in the extent of NOM removal from water with the purpose of maximizing NOM removal while ensuring that residual aqueous Al3+ concentration was kept as low as possible. NOM content in water was analyzed in terms of total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) and absorbance. NOM is a complex and heterogeneous mixture of compounds often poorly defined from a chemical point of view. Given this complexity, two model organic compounds were used in this study: humic acid (representative of small molecular weight organic compounds) and albumin (representative of high molecular weight organic compounds). Synthetic waters containing single organic compounds or mixtures of both were used, as well as real water collected from the treatment train of the DWTP in Sant Joan Despí. Because not all organic compounds react with coagulants in the same way and extent, efforts were devoted to characterize NOM with a fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (FEEM) spectrophotometric technique, which allows fractionate NOM in groups or families with similar physicochemical properties. Applying FEEM techniques would allow to differentiate organic components in real complex waters.
Book Synopsis Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter Source and Chemical Characteristics on Acute Copper Toxicity by : Adam C. Ryan
Download or read book Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter Source and Chemical Characteristics on Acute Copper Toxicity written by Adam C. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
