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Influence Of Secondary Components On The Serviceability Of Steel Girder Highway Bridges
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Book Synopsis Influence of Secondary Components on the Serviceability of Steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Mohamed Abdel-Azim Elewa
Download or read book Influence of Secondary Components on the Serviceability of Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Mohamed Abdel-Azim Elewa and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Secondary Elements and Joints on Strain Distribution in Composite Steel Girder Bridges by : Michael Jay Lewis
Download or read book Effects of Secondary Elements and Joints on Strain Distribution in Composite Steel Girder Bridges written by Michael Jay Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: When considering the design of bridge girders, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) determine how the loads will be transferred to each girder. The equations used in AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) neglect the inertia added from secondary elements such as barriers and curbs. By neglecting these added effects, many bridges that are already built could have more strength than initially designed for. If the effects of these secondary elements were considered, it would be possible to reduce the distribution factors that are given for interior and exterior girders. The bridge of concern for this project has four spans and was built in the early 1950s. Some repair work and modifications were conducted on the bridge and a load test was performed a week afterwards. The tests were done to find out if the repairs were adequate based on full composite action between the girders and the slab. During this initial test, some problems were discovered in one of the interior spans. This interior span is unique because it contains an expansion joint and a physical barrier and curb joint at the mid-span of the bridge. After problems were discovered, the physical joints were recommended to be grouted and a second load test was conducted afterwards. The second load test yielded much lower strains in the exterior girders due to the decrease in localized stress at the physical joint. In order to prove that filling the joint could improve the bridges strength, a finite element model was constructed to simulate this activity. Two models were made, one prior to filling the physical barrier and curb joints and one after. The test data was compared to the data from the finite element model to ensure accuracy. After the model was calibrated, the secondary members of the bridge were modified to study their effects. The primary goal of this research is to prove that a physical joint in a continuous exterior secondary element will cause the same amount of strain at its location as if they weren't there to begin with. By analyzing the finite element model data, it was found that when the joint is filled the behavior of the bridge changes and the exterior girder has up to 50% reduction in strain. The effect of concrete cracking and stress distribution that is associated with it is a secondary topic that was discussed because it was a driving factor in the model calibration.
Book Synopsis Development of LRFD Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Bridges by : J. M. Kulicki
Download or read book Development of LRFD Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Bridges written by J. M. Kulicki and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2006 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains the findings of research performed to develop design specifications for horizontally curved steel girder bridges.
Book Synopsis Inelastic Rating Procedures for Steel Beam and Girder Bridges by : Theodore V. Galambos
Download or read book Inelastic Rating Procedures for Steel Beam and Girder Bridges written by Theodore V. Galambos and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Time Dependent Reliability Models for Steel Girder Bridges by : Chan-Hee Park
Download or read book Time Dependent Reliability Models for Steel Girder Bridges written by Chan-Hee Park and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Sidewalks and Railings on Wheel Load Distribution in Steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Marwan Mohammad Salim Kobrosly
Download or read book Effect of Sidewalks and Railings on Wheel Load Distribution in Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Marwan Mohammad Salim Kobrosly and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of bridge superstructures is complicated by the geometric boundaries and loading conditions. AASHTO Bridge Specifications contain a simple procedure used in the analysis and design of steel girder bridges. This procedure is to isolate individual girders subjected to a single line of w heel loads from a design truck and then calculate the maximum bending moments. The wheel loads are positioned on the girder to produce maximum bending moment which is then multiplied by an empirical distribution factor. Recently, these factors have been updated based on finite-clement analysis and parametric studies to include major bridge parameters such as: girder spacing, span length, and cross-sectional properties. The findings of previous research reported by the authors about the performance of common finite-element modeling techniques will be employed to investigate other bridge parameters thought to influence the wheel load distribution. Previous research reported in the literature did not investigate the effect of sidewalks and railings on the wheel load distribution in steel girder bridges, the current research will employ recommended dimensions for sidewalks and railings by the AASHTO Bridge Specifications to study their influence on the wheel load distribution. A typical one-span, two-lane, composite steel girder highway bridge was selected to perform the parametric study. The bridge superstructure will be idealized using: (a) quadrilateral plate bending and stretching (shell) elements for the concrete slab, sidewalk, and railing, and space frame elements for steel girders with the centroid of girders coinciding with the one of the concrete slab; (b) eight-node brick elements for the concrete slab, sidewalk, and railing, and quadrilateral shell elements for the flanges and web of the steel girders, This research wilt report the wheel load distribution results of bridges with various combinations of span lengths and girder spacings along with the presence of sidewalks and/or railings on one or both sides of the bridge cross-section The results will serve to assess the current AASHTO practice which is conservative by ignoring the presence of sidewalks and railing when evaluating or designing highway bridges.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Repeated Loads on Serviceability and Ultimate Strength of Continuous Bridge Girders Utilizing Tension Elements by : J. F. Mirza
Download or read book The Effect of Repeated Loads on Serviceability and Ultimate Strength of Continuous Bridge Girders Utilizing Tension Elements written by J. F. Mirza and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternative Serviceability Limits for Steel Girder Bridges by : James R. Staebler
Download or read book Alternative Serviceability Limits for Steel Girder Bridges written by James R. Staebler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Service I deflection limits are in place with the purpose to prevent deformation-induced structural damage and psychological user-discomfort from excess bridge vibration. Previous research has shown that deflection criterion alone is insufficient in controlling excess bridge vibrations and structural deterioration of the concrete deck. Previous research shows that natural frequency criteria better controls excess vibration than deflection criteria. In addition, previous research shows no significant correlation between deflection and structural deformation of the concrete deck slab. In order to better control excess bridge vibrations and deformation-induced structural deterioration, two new separate criteria formulations are proposed. The first formulation consists of a natural frequency criteria transformed into deflection type terms familiar to the typical bridge engineer. The second proposed formulation directly controls the acting flexural strain in the concrete deck to control deformation-induced structural damage. The proposed serviceability criteria are applied to a database of 195 steel girder bridges. Both the as-built behavior and the design optimized behavior are examined and compared to current AASHTO serviceability criteria.
Book Synopsis Effect of Skewness on Steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Firas Nazih Bou Diab
Download or read book Effect of Skewness on Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Firas Nazih Bou Diab and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current thesis presents the finite element results of a parametric study to accurately evaluate the effect of skewness on wheel load distribution in steel g irder highway bridges. The finite element method is used to investigate the effect of span length, girder spacing, and skewness, on one-span simply supported, two-lane, th reelane, and four-lane steel girder bridges. Five span lengths and three girder spacings are examined in combination with six skew angles, for a total of 270 bridges analyze d and reported in the study. Various positions of the design trucks are assumed, longi tudinally and transversally, in order to produce maximum bending moments. The finite eleme nt modeling consists of shells and frames, for concrete slab and steel girders, res pectively, and composite action between slab and girders is assumed. The finite element pro gram SAP2000 is used in the analysis, and the longitudinal bending moments are comput ed and corresponding wheel load distribution factors on the girders are reported an d discussed for various skew angles. The finite element analysis results for skewe d bridges are compared to the reference straight bridges as well as to the America n Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications and LRFD procedures. This study will assist bridge engineers in performing realistic analysis and design of simply supported, multi-lane, skewed steel girder bridges as well as evaluate the load carrying capacity of existing struct ures.
Book Synopsis Hydro-Environmental Analysis by : James L. Martin
Download or read book Hydro-Environmental Analysis written by James L. Martin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 5742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments. The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods. The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters. Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering. It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.
Book Synopsis Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction by : Federal Highway Federal Highway Administration
Download or read book Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction written by Federal Highway Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-19 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is intended to serve as a reference. It will provide technical information which will enable Manual users to perform the following activities:Describe typical erection practices for girder bridge superstructures and recognize critical construction stagesDiscuss typical practices for evaluating structural stability of girder bridge superstructures during early stages of erection and throughout bridge constructionExplain the basic concepts of stability and why it is important in bridge erection* Explain common techniques for performing advanced stability analysis along with their advantages and limitationsDescribe how differing construction sequences effect superstructure stabilityBe able to select appropriate loads, load combinations, and load factors for use in analyzing superstructure components during constructionBe able to analyze bridge members at various stages of erection* Develop erection plans that are safe and economical, and know what information is required and should be a part of those plansDescribe the differences between local, member and global (system) stability
Book Synopsis Deflection Serviceability for Steel Girder Bridges by : Eric D. Anderson
Download or read book Deflection Serviceability for Steel Girder Bridges written by Eric D. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Load Reduction in Multi-lane Bridges by : Imad Youssef Naddaf
Download or read book Influence of Load Reduction in Multi-lane Bridges written by Imad Youssef Naddaf and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the behavior of multi-lane steel girder bridues subject to reduced loading using the finite element method The most critical behavior of a highway bridge is thought to result from a fully loaded bridge (live load on all lanes) It is a common practice to apply reduction factors for bridges with more than two lanes These reduction factors are to account for the probability that all lanes be loaded at the same time Therefore, this study will investigate these reduction factors by analyzing three-lane and four-lane steel girder bridges fully loaded, two out of three-lanes, and three out of four-lanes loaded bridges The behavior of these bridges will be investigated by studying the effect of load removal on the lateral wheel load distribution factor The results of this study w ill be used to assess the empirical reduction factors currentK employed by the American .Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (19%) ".--This study will consider critical parameters identified in previous research such as simple (one-span), and continuous (two-span), girder spacing, span length, three-lane bridges and four-lane bridges The finite element method is proposed to analyze the steel girder bridges by using the structural analysis program SAP90 The research will focus on evaluating the maximum lateral wheel load distribution to the steel girders subject to the full (all lanes are loaded) and reduced (bridge partially loaded) design live loading Bridges will be loaded using AASHTO design taicks positioned in the longitudinal direction in order to produce either the maximum positive and/or the maximum negative bending moments.
Book Synopsis Soft Computing for Damage Prediction and Cause Identification in Civil Infrastructure Systems by : Zhe Li
Download or read book Soft Computing for Damage Prediction and Cause Identification in Civil Infrastructure Systems written by Zhe Li and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Durability of Bridge Structures by : Khaled Mahmoud
Download or read book Durability of Bridge Structures written by Khaled Mahmoud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Thursday evening, May 23, 2013, the Interstate 5 Bridge over the Skagit River in Washington state collapsed due to impact by an oversize truck, dumping vehicles and people into the water. Fortunately, the bridge is located in a rural area and nobody was killed in the accident, but three people were rescued after their cars plunged into the frigi
Book Synopsis Live Load Effects in Diaphragms of Concrete Slab-on-steel Girder Highway Bridges by : Kenneth Carl Saindon
Download or read book Live Load Effects in Diaphragms of Concrete Slab-on-steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Kenneth Carl Saindon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel–Concrete Composite Bridges by : Ehab Ellobody
Download or read book Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel–Concrete Composite Bridges written by Ehab Ellobody and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, bridge engineers and researchers are increasingly turning to the finite element method for the design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges. However, the complexity of the method has made the transition slow. Based on twenty years of experience, Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges provides structural engineers and researchers with detailed modeling techniques for creating robust design models. The book’s seven chapters begin with an overview of the various forms of modern steel and steel–concrete composite bridges as well as current design codes. This is followed by self-contained chapters concerning: nonlinear material behavior of the bridge components, applied loads and stability of steel and steel–concrete composite bridges, and design of steel and steel–concrete composite bridge components. Constitutive models for construction materials including material non-linearity and geometric non-linearity The mechanical approach including problem setup, strain energy, external energy and potential energy), mathematics behind the method Commonly available finite elements codes for the design of steel bridges Explains how the design information from Finite Element Analysis is incorporated into Building information models to obtain quantity information, cost analysis
