Influence Of Recreational Land Use On Bird Community Composition And Nest Predation

Author : Jennifer R. Smith-Castro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)

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Download or read book Impacts of Recreational Trails on Breeding Birds in Forested Urban Parks written by Jennifer R. Smith-Castro and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Because park managers must balance the competing interests of conservation and recreational uses of parks in urban areas, consideration must be given to the potential consequences of human disturbance to breeding birds. The central purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which trails affect nest predation and evaluate possible causes. Specifically, I tested the following three hypotheses about the impacts of human use of trails on breeding birds: 1) Human use of trails in urban forests reduces nest survival by reducing parental attendance rates, thereby leaving nests more vulnerable to predation; 2) Relationships between nest survival and trails derive from modified vegetation surrounding a nest, and these changes in habitat drive trail-related impacts on breeding birds; 3) Human use of trails in urban forests influences the sensitivity of breeding birds to disturbance and induces changes in nest placement through habituation and inherent individual differences. From April to August 2006 and 2007, I monitored the fate of 263 Northern Cardinal nests and quantified vegetation structure and composition around nests and at random plots within riparian forests in central Ohio. Trail cameras were utilized at 6 sites to estimate the amount of human recreational activity. One hour parental attendance observations were conducted at 125 nests to estimate variation in nest attendance. Two experimental trials were conducted on 63 nests recording Flight Initiation Distance (FID) as each nest was approached either directly or along a trail. In addition, FID was collected during routine nest checks where the nest was approached directly (n = 160). Results showed that birds were 6x more likely to flush when the nest was approached directly than when an observer passed along a trail. Nest height mediated the tendency to flush somewhat, as higher nests were less likely to flush, but flush tendency was not related to distance to trail. Interestingly, the distance at which a bird flushed (FID) was not significantly related to either distance to trail or nest height. Variation in daily survival rate of Northern Cardinal nests was not well explained by FID, parental attendance, trail usage, or site. Rather the best explanatory model contained only nest height, though several alternate models, including one containing distance to trail as well as a null model, were similarly ranked. Results suggest that birds selected nest locations surrounded by greater amounts of native vegetation than expected when farther from trails. In addition, birds selected nest sites that were lower to the ground and more interior in the nest plant when farther from trails. Thus, recreational trails appeared to indirectly influence reproductive behavior by altering nest site selection. This study illustrates that recreational use has the potential to impact even those species thought to be urban-adapted. Nevertheless, because nest attendance was not related to daily nest survival rates, this study fails to provide evidence of negative reproductive and, hence, potential population-level consequences of behavioral responses to human disturbance. Thus, my work suggests that, at least for certain synanthropic species, recreation may indeed be compatible with conservation.