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Influence Of Natural Organic Matter On Colloid Transport And Attenuation In Saturated Porous Media Experimentation And Modelling
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Book Synopsis Influence of Natural Organic Matter on Colloid Transport and Attenuation in Saturated Porous Media-experimentation and Modelling by : Xinyao Yang
Download or read book Influence of Natural Organic Matter on Colloid Transport and Attenuation in Saturated Porous Media-experimentation and Modelling written by Xinyao Yang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Colloid Transport and Attenuation in Saturated Porous Media by : Xinyao Yang
Download or read book Colloid Transport and Attenuation in Saturated Porous Media written by Xinyao Yang and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloids refer to particles or macromolecules with at least one dimension of 1nm 1m. A wide range of environmental particles fall within this category including microorganisms, nanoparticles, and mineral precipitates. Understanding colloid fate and transport in porous medium not only permits more effective protection of water supplies, but also allows for the development of more effective pollutant remediation strategies. Organic matter (OM) complicates colloid behaviour. To date the influence of OM on colloid mobility in porous media has been largely qualitative. This book presents research leading to the development of multiple-pulse column techniques that may be integrated with mathematical models to quantify the effects of OM on particulate colloid attenuation in saturated porous medium. Research has investigated how two groups of environmental organic compounds, humic acids and proteins, influence particulate colloid attenuation by saturated sand. Study findings may shed light on complex colloidal behaviour in organic matter impacted environment and be useful to professionals in contaminant hydrogeology, environmental remediation, and wastewater treatment.
Book Synopsis Colloidal Transport in Porous Media by : Fritz H. Frimmel
Download or read book Colloidal Transport in Porous Media written by Fritz H. Frimmel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the basics of abiotic colloid characterization, of biocolloids and biofilms, the resulting transport phenomena and their engineering aspects. The contributors comprise an international group of leading specialists devoted to colloidal sciences. The contributions include theoretical considerations, results from model experiments, and field studies. The information provided here will benefit students and scientists interested in the analytical, chemical, microbiological, geological and hydrological aspects of material transport in aquatic systems and soils.
Book Synopsis Influences of Flow Transients and Porous Medium Heterogeneity on Colloid-Associated Contaminants Transport in the Vadose Zone by :
Download or read book Influences of Flow Transients and Porous Medium Heterogeneity on Colloid-Associated Contaminants Transport in the Vadose Zone written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past year (June 2003 to June 2004), work at Yale has centered on investigating the influences of porewater pH, flow transients, and the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the deposition and mobilization of clay colloids (kaolinite and illite) within columns packed with unsaturated porous media. The experiments on pH and flow-transient effects were described in our First-Term Progress Report (which covered the initial 18 months of the study) and will not be repeated here. More recent experiments on the role of NOM in colloid transport proved equally as interesting. Even at porewater concentrations as low as 0.2 mg/L, soil-humic acid substantially lowered clay-colloid deposition rates compared to the case in which soil-humic acid was absent from the porewater. We attribute this to adsorption of the humic acid to the positively charged edge sites of the clay colloids, which effectively reduced the colloid affinity for negatively charged air- and solid-water interfaces. Comparison of the results of the column experiments to calculations of a new mathematical model has sharpened our inferences regarding mechanisms that govern the rate-limited deposition and mobilization of colloids. We are testing these inferences by carrying out flow-and-transport visualization experiments. We have constructed a semi-transparent representation of a porous medium, consisting of a rectangular parallel-plate chamber that encloses 3-5 layers of uniformly sized sand grains. Ceramic plates fused to the ends of the chamber maintain the capillary tension and syringe pumps (located at the inlet and outlet ends) regulate the flow of water and colloids through the partially saturated sand. By placing the chamber beneath a microscope, we can examine the distribution of colloids between air-water and solid-water interfaces, directly measure the kinetics of deposition onto these interfaces, and observe the mechanisms that contribute to the release of immobile colloids. To date, we have used fluorescent microspheres as the colloids, but, once we refine our methodology, we intend to use clay particles as the colloids.
Book Synopsis Influence of Natural Organic Matter in the Transport Medium on Fine Particle Transport by : Yuhong Zhou
Download or read book Influence of Natural Organic Matter in the Transport Medium on Fine Particle Transport written by Yuhong Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although extensive research has been conducted to understand the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on fine particle transport, less attention has been paid to NOM in the transport medium (i.e., immobile rock and sediment grains). The objective of this study is to the roles of NOM in the transport medium in mediating particle transport. We conducted an experimental and modelling study on the transport of nanoscale titanium dioxide (nTiO2) and illite colloid in columns packed with quartz sand under water-saturated conditions. Peat moss was used as an example NOM and packed in some of the columns to investigate its influence on particle transport. Experimental results showed that NOM may either increase or decrease particle transport depending on the specific conditions. NOM in the transport medium was found to attract particles and reduce particle mobility when the energy barrier between particle and NOM is low or non-existent. NOM also adsorbed to Fe and Al oxyhydroxides and promoted the transport of negatively-charged particles at low pH. Partial dissolution of NOM releases DOM, and the DOM adsorbs to and increases the transport of positively-charged particles. Additionally, NOM changes pore water pH, which influences particle mobility by affecting the interaction energy between the particle and transport medium. Modelling results showed that the deposition sites of peat moss are very heterogeneous, and the NOM from peat moss may reduce particle deposition rate by adsorbing to the particle and/or transport medium. Findings from this study demonstrates that NOM in the transport medium not only changes properties of the medium, but also may alter water chemistry. Therefore, the role of NOM in mediating particle transport is complicated and dependent on the properties of the particle, NOM, and mineralogical composition of the medium.
Book Synopsis Colloid Mobilization and Transport in Contaminant Plumes by :
Download or read book Colloid Mobilization and Transport in Contaminant Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Colloid Transport in Saturated Porous Media by : Ann Mathew
Download or read book Colloid Transport in Saturated Porous Media written by Ann Mathew and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diffusion in Natural Porous Media by : Peter Grathwohl
Download or read book Diffusion in Natural Porous Media written by Peter Grathwohl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion in Natural Porous Media: Contaminant Transport, Sorption/Desorption and Dissolution Kinetics introduces the general principles of diffusion in the subsurface environment and discusses the implications for the fate and transport of contaminants in soils and groundwater. Emphasis is placed on sorption/desorption and the dissolution kinetics of organic contaminants, both of which are limited by the slow speed of molecular diffusion. Diffusion in Natural Porous Media: Contaminant Transport, Sorption/Desorption and Dissolution Kinetics compiles methods for calculating the diffusion coefficients of organic compounds (in aqueous solution or vapor phase) in natural porous media. The author uses analytical solutions of Fick's 2nd law and some simple numerical models to model diffusive transport under various initial and boundary conditions. A number of these models may be solved using spreadsheets. The book examines sorption/desorption rates of organic compounds in various soils and aquifer materials, and also examines the dissolution kinetics of nonaqueous phase liquids in aquifers, in both the trapped residual phase and in pools. Diffusion in Natural Porous Media: Contaminant Transport, Sorption/Desorption and Dissolution Kinetics concludes with a discussion of the impact of slow diffusion processes on soil and groundwater decontamination and the implications of these processes for groundwater risk assessment.
Book Synopsis Bio-colloidal Transfer in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media by : Hongjuan Bai
Download or read book Bio-colloidal Transfer in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media written by Hongjuan Bai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of the transport and retention of bacteria in porous media has a great practical importance in environmental applications, such as protection of the surface and groundwater supplies from contamination, risk assessment from microorganisms in groundwater, and soil bioremediation. The aim of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control bacteria transport and deposition in saturated and unsaturated porous media. Laboratory tracer and bacteria transport experiments at Darcy scale were performed in three porous media with distinct pore size distribution in order to investigate and quantify water and bacteria transport process under steady state flow conditions. A conservative solute was used as water tracer to characterize water flow pathways through porous media. A gram negative, motile Escherichia coli, a gram negative, non-motile Klebsiella sp. and a gram positive, non-motile R. rhodochrous were selected for the transport experiments. Characterization of cell properties (such as cell size and shape, zeta potential, motility and hydrophobicity) was performed for each strain. Numerical simulations with HYDRUS-1D code were performed to characterize water flow and to estimate bacteria transport and deposition parameters. The later were explored to identify bacteria flow patterns and physicochemical or physical mechanisms involved in bacteria deposition. To provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved on bacteria transport and deposition, pore scale experiments were carried out by using microfluidic devices, designed for this purpose. The information obtained from laboratory experiments and numerical modeling was improved by theoretical calculation of different interactions between bacteria and porous media at air/water/solid interfaces. DLVO and non-DLVO interactions such as hydrophobic, steric, capillary and hydrodynamic forces involved in bacteria deposition were considered to describe bacteria-interface interactions in order to identify their relative impact on physicochemical and physical deposition of bacteria. Results obtained through both laboratory experiments and numerical simulationsoutlined non-uniform flow pathways, which were dependent on both grain/pore size as well as pore size distribution of the porous media. For a given porous medium, water flow patterns became more non-uniform and dispersive with decreasing water saturation due to the presence of air phase, which lead to an increase of the tortuosity of the flow pathways under unsaturated conditions. Bacteria transport pathways were different from the tracer transport, due to size exclusion of bacteria from smaller pore spaces and bacteria motility. Bacteria deposition was greatly influenced by pore network geometry, cell properties and water saturation degree. Both physical straining and physicochemical attachment should be taken into account to well describe bacteria deposition, but their importance on bacteria deposition is closely linked to porous media and cell properties. The results obtained in this work highlighted the simultaneous role of cell properties, pore size distribution and hydrodynamics of the porous media on bacteria transport and deposition mechanisms. The calculation of DLVO and non-DLVO interactions showed that bacteria deposition in saturated and unsaturated porous media was influenced by both kinds of interactions.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Manipulation of Groundwater Colloids for Environmental Restoration by : John McCarthy
Download or read book Manipulation of Groundwater Colloids for Environmental Restoration written by John McCarthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-01-04 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable resource discusses several strategies of manipulating colloids for environmental restoration, identifies advantages and disadvantages of each strategy, and considers obstacles limiting the application of each strategy. Approaches evaluated include the following: Chemical modification of subsurface systems to mobilize or deposit colloids in situ Altering the mobility of microorganisms to improve delivery of microbes for bioremediation Manipulating colloids or biocolloids (bacteria) to change aquifer permeability to either enhance bioremediation or create in situ barriers Introducing modified colloids, surfactants, and emulsions to control colloid mobility or to increase recovery of sorbed contaminants by pump and treat methods Manipulation of Groundwater Colloids for Environmental Restoration also contains short, focused research reports on specific studies relevant to the various approaches under consideration. Subjects covered range from mobility of organic macromolecules by controlled field injection experiments to new techniques that investigate surface chemistry and aggregation of inorganic colloids. Other topics discussed include the depositional behavior and transport of biocolloids in porous media, surfactants as modifiers of surface binding sites on colloids, and genetic engineering of microorganisms to serve as contaminant-scavenging biocolloids. Manipulation of Groundwater Colloids for Environmental Restoration is an excellent resource for research scientists in hydrology, chemistry, and microbiology; environmental consultants; regulators; environmental engineers; bioremediation microbiologists; and engineers.
Download or read book Groundwater 2000 written by Poul L. Bjerg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings, with cd-rom, present a comprehensive overview of advances in groundwater research. The five main topics covered are: aquifers and contaminant distribution; groundwater quality; natural attenuation; remediation technologies and groundwater protection. Groundwater 2000 is a useful resource to both scientists and to those working in the field.
Book Synopsis Colloidal Transport in Porous Media by : Fritz H. Frimmel
Download or read book Colloidal Transport in Porous Media written by Fritz H. Frimmel and published by Springer Verlag. This book was released on 2007-05-29 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloids are known to be the often neglected phase for the transport of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. This book covers the basics of abiotic colloid characterization, of biocolloids and biofilms, the resulting transport phenomena and their engineering aspects. The contributors are leading specialists devoted to colloidal sciences. The discussion reflects their broad scope of viewpoint and depth of expertise. Coverage includes theoretical considerations, results from model experiments, and field studies.
Book Synopsis Colloid and Surfactant Transport Modeling Through Agricultural Soil by : Sandip Raman Patil
Download or read book Colloid and Surfactant Transport Modeling Through Agricultural Soil written by Sandip Raman Patil and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) was designed just after the U.S. Geological was established. The primary objective of the NAWQA was to understand the key processes controlling contaminant fate and transport into the Nation's water resources. In particular, wide use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural field can impact on the quality of surface and ground waters. Contaminants can be carried to the water bodies by several ways. In colloid-facilitated transport process colloidal particles serves as a transport media for the contaminants. Colloid release from the agricultural soil under unsaturated conditions is controlled by the hydrodynamic force, capillary force and electrostatic force that is determined by the solution chemistry in terms of solution ionic strength and pH. In this research, colloid release from the agricultural soil was investigated using an intact soil column collected from an agricultural site in Gadsden County of Florida. Colloid release was monitored and the colloid release curve was simulated using an implicit, finite-difference scheme to obtain the colloid release coefficient. It was found that the hydrodynamic force and electrostatic force overcame the capillary force under the experimental conditions of this research and consequently, colloids were released. For the colloid release, solution chemistry played a key role by controlling the colloid repulsive electrostatic force within the pore system. Colloid release exponentially decreased with the increase of solution ionic strength and increased with the increase of solution pH. Colloid release was finally found to be correlated to the colloid repulsive electrostatic force within the pore system, i.e., the greater the repulsive electrostatic force, more colloids were released. In situ colloid mobilization and transport has been studied under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. In saturated conditions, the controlling parameters are solution ionic strength and pH. Colloid mobilization and transport have been modeled by the advection-dispersion equation with a first-order colloid release. The inverse version of these models can provide a platform to estimate transport parameters based on transport observations. In this research, we taken the advantages of existing contaminants transport models by fully utilizing them to investigate colloid interactions with the surrounding environment and provide parameter constraints for colloid transport modeling applications under saturated conditions. In natural systems, colloids present a potential health risk due to their propensity to associate with contaminants or in the case of certain biological colloids, inherent pathogenic nature. Although colloidal interactions have been studied for many years and much has been learned about the physical and chemical processes that control colloid retention, there still remains significant uncertainty about the processes that govern colloid release. The aim of this study was to investigate the release of in situ colloids as a function of soil depth. Colloid release from intact agricultural soil columns with variable length was investigated. Colloid release curves were simulated using an implicit, finite-difference scheme and colloid release rate coefficient was found to be an exponential function of the soil depth. The simulated results demonstrated that transport parameters were not consistent along the depth of the soil profile. Wetting agents wet hydrophobic soil by lowering the cohesive and/or adhesive surface tension, which allows the water to spread out more evenly and allows for better penetration into the hydrophobic soils. While enhancing water penetration, wetting agent applications may bring adverse impact on the soil and groundwater at the same time. The residual organic phase in the soil pores poses a long-term source of groundwater contamination. After use, residual wetting agents and their degradation products are discharged to groundwater or directly to surface waters, then dispersed into different environmental compartments. In order to assess their environmental risks, we need to understand the distribution, behavior, fate and biological effects of these surfactants in the environment. This research was designed to investigate the application of nonionic wetting agents in agricultural soils. Performance of nonionic surfactants in intact soil columns collected from agricultural soils was explored and related to the soil and wetting agent properties. In addition, the impact of the organic concentration of wetting agent fate and transport was investigated. The transport of wetting agents in the agricultural soil columns was simulated using the proposed transport models and subsequently, the effect of organic compounds on wetting agent transport was quantified.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Environmental Forensics by : Brian L. Murphy
Download or read book Introduction to Environmental Forensics written by Brian L. Murphy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Introduction to Environmental Forensics is a state-of-the-art reference for the practicing environmental forensics consultant, regulator, student, academic, and scientist, with topics including compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), advanced multivariate statistical techniques, surrogate approaches for contaminant source identification and age dating, dendroecology, hydrofracking, releases from underground storage tanks and piping, and contaminant-transport modeling for forensic applications. Recognized international forensic scientists were selected to author chapters in their specific areas of expertise and case studies are included to illustrate the application of these methods in actual environmental forensic investigations. This edition provides updates on advances in various techniques and introduces several new topics. Provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of environmental forensics Coverage ranges from emerging statistical methods to state-of-the-art analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry and polytopic vector analysis Numerous examples and case studies are provided to illustrate the application of these forensic techniques in environmental investigations
Book Synopsis The Effect of Colloid Size, Colloid Hydrophobicity, and Volumetric Water Content on the Transport of Colloids Through Porous Media by : Maureen Anne McGraw
Download or read book The Effect of Colloid Size, Colloid Hydrophobicity, and Volumetric Water Content on the Transport of Colloids Through Porous Media written by Maureen Anne McGraw and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Investigations Into Fundamental Mechanisms Controlling Particle Transport in Saturated Porous Media by : Po-Chieh Liu
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Investigations Into Fundamental Mechanisms Controlling Particle Transport in Saturated Porous Media written by Po-Chieh Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-log-linear kinetic sub-model and corresponding micro-scale experiments are needed for better predictions. Moreover, the effects of particle-particle interaction were proven significant in certain conditions, however, the processes is still unclear. Visualization technique introduced in this research is capable to explore the controlling mechanisms in micro-scale and further provides the foundations for developing non-log-linear kinetic model, quantifying the effects of particle-particle interactions, acceleration, and other uncovered physical/chemical factors on particle transport in porous media. Advancing understanding of these factors has potential for improving the prediction of colloidal particle transport under real-world, field conditions, which can benefit many programs aimed at reducing the environmental and health impacts of colloid facilitated contaminant transport.
