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Influence Of Environmental Factors On The Distribution Pattern Of Centipedes Chilopoda And Other Soil Arthropods In Temperate Deciduous Forests
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Book Synopsis Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution Pattern of Centipedes (chilopoda) and Other Soil Arthropods in Temperate Deciduous Forests by : Marc Jabin
Download or read book Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution Pattern of Centipedes (chilopoda) and Other Soil Arthropods in Temperate Deciduous Forests written by Marc Jabin and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microclimatic Effects on Central European Deciduous Tree Species and Their Interactions with Arthropod Herbivory by : Stephanie Stiegel
Download or read book Microclimatic Effects on Central European Deciduous Tree Species and Their Interactions with Arthropod Herbivory written by Stephanie Stiegel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthropod herbivores act as mediators for effects that cascade up and down the trophic chain. Therefore, herbivory plays an important role for driving ecosystem processes and influencing ecosystem structures and functions. Generally, ecosystem processes are mediated by interactions between organisms. The plant community composition is influenced by competitive interactions among plants, which is affected by herbivore species. Leaf area loss to insects can reduce tree growth, but alters material flows from canopies to forest soils. Therefore, the chemical quality of litter is changed (increases in nitrogen content) through enhanced nutrient cycling rates caused by herbivory. Climate and microclimate can affect insect physiology and behaviour directly or indirectly through climate-induced changes of host plants. Temperature determines the geographical range, site and timing of activities, success of oviposition and hatching, and the duration of developmental stages of arthropod herbivores. The activity of poikilothermic insects increases with temperature, and therefore growth and consumption rates are enhanced. However, morphological and functional leaf traits that determine host plant palatability often mediate indirect environmental effects on herbivory. Leaf palatability is determined by leaf toughness, nutrients, and defence compounds. In warm environments, expected high rates of arthropod herbivory can then be suppressed by negative changes of leaf traits. Microclimate gradients are found across the different strata of forest ecosystems. Abiotic factors change vertically between forest layers due to a micro-environmental gradient. Along the vertical gradient, microclimate is affected by the light regime, with increasing temperatures and decreasing humidity from understorey to upper canopies. Various organisms are distributed along the vertical forest gradient based on changes in environmental conditions and in the quality and quantity of available resources. Temperate deciduous forests reveal highly stratified arthropod communities with vertical and horizontal distribution patterns. Microclimatic requirements and the availability of food resources along the vertical forest gradient can reflect spatial distributions and preferences of arthropods. This research study investigated arthropod herbivory on leaves of deciduous tree species along the vertical gradient of temperate forests. A field study with ten forests sites in Central Germany and an experimental study in greenhouses were conducted, addressing effects of microclimate and leaf traits on arthropod herbivory. Juvenile and adult individuals of Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), the dominant deciduous tree species in Central Europe, were chosen as main research subjects. Furthermore, Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Sycamore maple) and Carpinus betulus L. (hornbeam), two frequent tree species in the forest understorey, were also surveyed.
Book Synopsis Environmental Influences on Microbial Populations and Activity of the Forest Floor by :
Download or read book Environmental Influences on Microbial Populations and Activity of the Forest Floor written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A 'Mitey' Influence? Life History, Impacts and Distribution of a Gall-inducing Arthropod in a Temperate Forest Canopy by : Rajit Patankar
Download or read book A 'Mitey' Influence? Life History, Impacts and Distribution of a Gall-inducing Arthropod in a Temperate Forest Canopy written by Rajit Patankar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by : Richard V. Pouyat
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Book Synopsis Community Level Impacts of Microstegium Vimineum on Arthropod Community Structure and Foodweb Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest by : Judith L. Metcalf
Download or read book Community Level Impacts of Microstegium Vimineum on Arthropod Community Structure and Foodweb Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest written by Judith L. Metcalf and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasion by non-native primary producers are generally expected to lead to a decline in native species richness, however in some cases, these invasions can actually lead to an increase in diversity and abundance of certain groups of organisms. Arthropods are extremely sensitive to changes in the plant community, particularly herbivores, and the response of these primary consumers can influence predator populations. Microstegium vimineum is an invasive C4 grass that has developed strong populations in the understory of temperate deciduous forests along the east coast of the U.S. This work evaluates the influence that this invader may have on insect and spider abundance and diversity, including changes at the trophic group and functional guild levels. Additionally we evaluate the impacts of both an increase in invasion density and a decrease in native plant diversity on arthropod community structure. In general, we find a significant increase in herbivore abundance, primarily as a result in the increased abundances of concealed chewers, free-living chewers and free-living sap feeders. Free-living sap-feeders also showed an increase in biomass. Spider abundance and diversity also increased in association with invasion by M. vimineum. Both active hunters and sit-and-wait predators showed significant increases in invaded sites. The ratio of adult:immature spiders however had a negative relationship with invasion. These changes in the arthropod community appear to be related to both changes in vegetation structure as well as changes in plant biomass. We found increased abundances in our treatments in which invasion density increased and decreases in the arthropod community in sites where native plants were removed from the system. We also show some support for the idea that carnivores, specifically spiders, may respond more strongly to changes in vegetative complexity, while herbivores, specifically leaf hoppers, may respond more strongly to changes in plant biomass.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Centipedes by : J. G. E. Lewis
Download or read book The Biology of Centipedes written by J. G. E. Lewis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of centipede biology providing a critical review of the work on this subject.
Book Synopsis Aspects of Relationships Between Millipedes, Soil Texture and Temperature in Deciduous Forests by : R. D. Kime
Download or read book Aspects of Relationships Between Millipedes, Soil Texture and Temperature in Deciduous Forests written by R. D. Kime and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Environmental Heterogeneity on Diversity, Spatial Distribution and Trophic Interactions of Terrestrial Arthropod Predators by : Elvira Sereda
Download or read book Effects of Environmental Heterogeneity on Diversity, Spatial Distribution and Trophic Interactions of Terrestrial Arthropod Predators written by Elvira Sereda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil Macroinvertebrate Communities Across a Productivity Gradient in Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America by :
Download or read book Soil Macroinvertebrate Communities Across a Productivity Gradient in Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe how, within the temperate, deciduous forests of the eastern US, diverse soil-fauna communities are structured by a combination of environmental gradients and interactions with other biota. The introduction of non-native soil taxa has altered communities and soil processes, and adds another degree of variability to these systems. We sampled soil macroinvertebrate abundance from forested sites in Missouri (MO), Michigan (MI), Massachusetts (MA), and New Hampshire (NH), with the objective of comparing community assemblages and evaluating the role of invasive earthworms along the temperature--productivity gradient represented by the sites. The primary detritivores encountered were earthworms and millipedes. Earthworms were collected only in MO and MI, and at much greater density in MO. Millipedes were found at every site except in MO, and at their highest mean density in NH. Warmer temperatures, higher litter productivity, and low Oa horizon depth (as found in MO) were correlated with high earthworm activity. Oa horizon depth was the greatest in NH, where the macroinvertebrate community was dominated (in terms of abundance) by predators and herbivores, not detritivores. Our results are suggestive of, and congruent with, the concept of earthworms as ecosystem engineers, as we found that the presence of non-native earthworm species was associated with significant differences in soil characteristics such as apparent rapid decomposition rates and reduced carbon storage in the Oa horizon.
Book Synopsis Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems by : Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy
Download or read book Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems written by Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthropods are invertebrates that constitute over 90% of the animal kingdom, and their bio-ecology is closely linked with global functioning and survival. Arthropods play an important role in maintaining the health of ecosystems, provide livelihoods and nutrition to human communities, and are important indicators of environmental change. Yet the population trends of several arthropods species show them to be in decline. Arthropods constitute a dominant group with 1.2 million species influencing earth’s biodiversity. Among arthropods, insects are predominant, with ca. 1 million species and having evolved some 350 million years ago. Arthropods are closely associated with living and non-living entities alike, making the ecosystem services they provide crucially important. In order to be effective, plans for the conservation of arthropods and ecosystems should include a mixture of strategies like protecting key habitats and genomic studies to formulate relevant policies for in situ and ex situ conservation. This two-volume book focuses on capturing the essentials of arthropod inventories, biology, and conservation. Further, it seeks to identify the mechanisms by which arthropod populations can be sustained in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and by means of which certain problematic species be managed without producing harmful environmental side-effects. This edited compilation includes chapters contributed by over 80 biologists on a wide range of topics embracing the diversity, distribution, utility and conservation of arthropods and select groups of insect taxa. More importantly, it describes in detail the mechanisms of sustaining arthropod ecosystems, services and populations. It addresses the contribution of modern biological tools such as molecular and genetic techniques regulating gene expression, as well as conventional, indigenous practices in arthropod conservation. The contributors reiterate the importance of documenting and understanding the biology of arthropods from a holistic perspective before addressing conservation issues at large. This book offers a valuable resource for all zoologists, entomologists, ecologists, conservation biologists, policy makers, teachers and students interested in the conservation of biological resources.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneity in a Temperate Forest Canopy by : Kathleen Rose Aikens
Download or read book Heterogeneity in a Temperate Forest Canopy written by Kathleen Rose Aikens and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on factors influencing the abundance and distribution of soil arthropods in grassland by : Ian Henry Haines
Download or read book Studies on factors influencing the abundance and distribution of soil arthropods in grassland written by Ian Henry Haines and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forest Macro-arthropods as Potential Indicators of Ecosystem Conditions in Western Idaho by : Margaret E. Ruby
Download or read book Forest Macro-arthropods as Potential Indicators of Ecosystem Conditions in Western Idaho written by Margaret E. Ruby and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive ecosystem management is a new paradigm for managing federal forests which requires regular monitoring of ecosystem function and diversity to measure the effects of management. Managers need new strategies and tools to help them assess their progress in maintaining healthy, productive and biologically diverse forests. Biomonitoring of select forest macro-arthropod species can provide useful information on the effects of management on forest biodiversity and ecosystem function. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to inventory the macro-arthropod community and important environmental variables in the Bear Creek and Indian Creek study area within the Payette National Forest (PNF) in Western Idaho; (2) to compare measures of community composition, diversity, and structure in forest macro-arthropod communities between patches of different sizes and treatment; and (3) to assist PNF managers in their ecosystem management efforts by providing principles to guide the use of macro-arthropods as indicators of changing forest conditions. Transects with pitfall traps were used to collect macro-arthropods at 22 sites in the Bear Creek and Indian Creek study area during the summer of 1994. Five forest patch types in Abies grandis habitat types were sampled. Intact forest patches of 100 or more hectares, and large patches of 50-100 hectares, ranged in age between 50 and 250 years old with multistoried structure. Small patches up to 10 hectares were remnants or fragments of formerly intact forest isolated by logging. A plantation patch was 15 years old with patchy understory and forb cover. Clearcut patches had little or no overstory, and variable understory, and forb layers. At each transect, soil samples were collected and six environmental descriptor variables were analyzed according to patch treatment and patch size. These site descriptors were: basal area (ft2/acre); percent canopy cover for the overstory, understory; and forb layers; litter depth (cm), and percent soil moisture content. Differences detected using an ANOVA and T-tests are discussed in the Results section. Arthropod community composition, diversity, and structure were described according to relative abundance, and four measures of diversity. They were also described by membership in seventeen orders and/or super-families; ten functional groups; two disperser classes (long or short distance); and three species indicator classes. A total of 5455 macro-arthropod individuals, representing 17 orders and/or super-families and 219 species were collected in the Bear Creek and Indian Creek study area. While macro-arthropod fauna relative abundance did not vary significantly by treatment (ANOVA p
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests by :
Download or read book Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiversity of Soil Arthropods in a Native Grassland in Alberta, Canada by : Jeffrey S. Newton
Download or read book Biodiversity of Soil Arthropods in a Native Grassland in Alberta, Canada written by Jeffrey S. Newton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils have traditionally been treated as a "black box" due to the challenges of studying this complex medium. The living component of soil consists of a complex network of roots and mostly very small, highly abundant, and extremely diverse group of microbes, protists, and other invertebrates. In my thesis I explore the diversity of subterranean ants living in a native grassland in Alberta, Canada, and their symbiotic relationship with root-feeding aphids and mealy bugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). I identify multiple species of ants and Sternorrhyncha, with varying degrees of specificity of their symbiosis. I also conclude that there is little species-level host-plant specificity. The latter part of my thesis concerns mites and springtails, which are the most abundant soil micro invertebrates. Biomass of these extremely small organisms is difficult to assess, and as a result many estimation formulae based on body size measurements have been published. However, these estimation methods have rarely been tested. I review published formulae and tested them with newly acquired mite-weight data. While some formulae strongly over- or under estimate mite biomass, other models perform remarkably well. Using abundance and biomass data, I present the results of the effects of a summer of drought on native grassland soil mites. While drought normally negatively affects most soil arthropod densities, I observed an increase. While the mechanism is not yet clear, this result suggests that some grassland soil mite taxa may be able to benefit from drought conditions. Finally, I study how changes in environmental conditions, like predicted climate change, may affect native grassland communities. A full-factorial design was used, including a warming, drought, added precipitation, low intensity defoliation, and high intensity defoliation treatments. Results showed that all treatments affected the studied mite assemblages, but the effects differed per mite taxon. In summary, I have shown that the abundance and diversity of soil biota not only still offer opportunity for discovery, but also react to environmental changes in a way that allows them to be used as biomonitors. These responses vary according to which taxa are being studied, emphasizing the importance of not oversimplifying this rich and complex community.
Book Synopsis Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe by : Alain Roques
Download or read book Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe written by Alain Roques and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
