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Influence De Lazote En Forte Concentration Sur Les Phenomenes De Precipitation Dans Les Aciers
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Book Synopsis Influence de l'azote en forte concentration sur les phénomènes de précipitation dans les aciers by : Frédérique Vanderschaeve
Download or read book Influence de l'azote en forte concentration sur les phénomènes de précipitation dans les aciers written by Frédérique Vanderschaeve and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'addition de fortes teneurs en azote permet l'élaboration de nuances d'aciers inoxydables à propriétés améliorées. Cependant, les mécanismes par lesquels l'azote influe sur la nature et la stabilité de la microstructure, et par conséquent, conditionne les propriétés mécaniques et physico-chimiques des aciers, ne sont pas clairement identifiés. L'objet principal du présent travail est d'étudier l'influence des traitements thermiques sur la microstructure d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques et martensitiques sursaturés en azote, et ce, en vue de leurs applications potentielles à hautes températures. La structure austénitique se décompose par précipitation discontinue de nitrure de chrome lors de maintiens en température sur l'intervalle (700c-900c). Le stade de croissance de cette précipitation s'effectue en conditions non stationnaires, puisque l'on passe d'une réaction régie par la diffusion intergranulaire du chrome à une réaction qui tend à être contrôlée par sa diffusion en volume. Il en résulte que les caractères de la précipitation discontinue ne vérifient pas les prévisions des modèles usuels. L'existence de la précipitation discontinue de nitrure de chrome conduit à un durcissement du matériau. La densité élevée de dislocations dans les structures martensitiques favorise la précipitation continue de divers types de nitrures. Le phénomène existe à des températures aussi basses que 300 °C et la réaction est très rapide. Cependant, la grande finesse des précipités aux températures inférieures à 600 °C rend délicate leur mise en évidence en microscopie électronique, et nécessite d'avoir recours à des techniques indirectes. L'existence de cette précipitation fine s'accompagne d'un durcissement des aciers sur l'intervalle (300 °C - 500 °C)
Book Synopsis INFLUENCE DE L'AZOTE DANS LES ACIERS INOXYDABLES AUSTENITIQUES SUR LES PHENOMENES DE PRECIPITATION ET SUR LA RESISTANCE A LA CORROSION by : EDWIGE.. BAMINI
Download or read book INFLUENCE DE L'AZOTE DANS LES ACIERS INOXYDABLES AUSTENITIQUES SUR LES PHENOMENES DE PRECIPITATION ET SUR LA RESISTANCE A LA CORROSION written by EDWIGE.. BAMINI and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LES CARACTERISTIQUES METALLURGIQUES ET LA RESISTANCE A LA CORROSION LOCALISEE DE DEUX NUANCES D'ACIERS AUSTENITIQUES INOXYDABLES A FORTE TENEUR EN AZOTE DE TYPE 316LN SONT ETUDIEES EN VUE D'UNE UTILISATION SOUS DES SOLLICITATIONS MECANIQUES DANS UN MILIEU CORROSIF (FATIGUE-CORROSION ET FROTTEMENT-CORROSION CONTRE UN POLYMERE UHMWPE). LA PRESENCE D'AZOTE EN FORTE TENEUR DANS LA MATRICE AUSTENITIQUE AUGMENTE LES CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES. L'ORIGINE PROVIENT D'UN DURCISSEMENT PAR SOLUTION SOLIDE INTERSTITIELLE ET D'UN DURCISSEMENT PAR AFFINEMENT DE GRAINS DU A LA PRESENCE DE NITRURES CRNBN DANS L'ACIER HYPERTREMPE. UNE ANALYSE MICROSTRUCTURALE APRES TRAITEMENTS THERMIQUES A MIS EN EVIDENCE LA FORMATION D'AUTRES NITRURES (CR#2N) ET DE PHASES INTERMETALLIQUES ( ET ). LA PHASE Z (CRNBN), STABLE JUSQU'A LA TEMPERATURE DE FUSION DE L'ACIER EST ISSUE D'UNE TRANSFORMATION DE NITRURES NB#XN#Y. EN MILIEU ACIDE ET EN MILIEU CHLORURE, LA PRESENCE D'AZOTE AUGMENTE CONSIDERABLEMENT LA RESISTANCE A LA CORROSION PAR PIQURE ET PAR CREVASSE, ET AMELIORE LES CINETIQUES DE REPASSIVATION APRES UNE DEPASSIVATION MECANIQUE. L'AZOTE INTERVIENT EN S'ACCUMULANT EN EXTREME SURFACE DU FILM PASSIF PAR SEGREGATION ANODIQUE ET REAGIT AVEC LE MILIEU SOUS LA FORME NH#3 ET NH#4#+.
Book Synopsis Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de l'azote dans les traitements thermochimiques de surface des aciers en phase austénitique by : Mohamed Salah Yahia
Download or read book Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de l'azote dans les traitements thermochimiques de surface des aciers en phase austénitique written by Mohamed Salah Yahia and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nous avons exploité un procédé nouveau de carbonitruration, ou les enrichissements en carbone et en azote sont effectués successivement (cémentation suivie de nitruration), pour déterminer le rôle de l'azote dans les traitements thermochimiques de surface des aciers en phase austénitique. L’étude thermodynamique de l'interaction du carbone et de l'azote dans l'austénite, validée par des essais de thermogravimétrie et des mesures de profils de diffusion de l'azote et du carbone, montre que l'influence de l'azote sur le coefficient de diffusion du carbone dans l'austénite est très faible. La carbonitruration des aciers de nuance 27CD4 provoque la précipitation de nitrures de chrome CrN et des carbures de type cémentite. Lors de la carbonitruration de l’acier 27MC5 seuls des carbures de type cémentite précipitent pour une concentration en carbone supérieure à 0,65%. Cependant la densité de ces précipités étant très faible, ils n'ont aucune influence sur la dureté des couches carbonitrurées. Dans l'intervalle des concentrations superficielles en carbone et en azote visées dans les traitements de carbonitruration (0,65 à 0,7% en carbone et inferieur à 0,5% en azote) l'influence de l'azote sur la dureté des couches carbonitrurées est entièrement masquée par le carbone et ce quelle que soit la nuance de l'acier utilisé (Xc, 27MC5 ou 27CD4). Au delà d'une teneur en azote de 0,5% et en fonction du temps de traitement et de la teneur en carbone, il y a risque de formation de porosité. Finalement, nous avons déterminé l'influence de l'azote sur le volume de l'austénite retenue après trempe ([gamma]r) et établi, dans le système Fe-N, une expression qui relie le point Ms à la concentration en azote (pour 0,6
Download or read book Journal de Physique written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Faecal Sludge Management by : Linda Strande
Download or read book Faecal Sludge Management written by Linda Strande and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Book Synopsis Frontline and Factory by : Roy MacLeod
Download or read book Frontline and Factory written by Roy MacLeod and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a first considered attempt to study the factors that conditioned industrial chemistry for war in 1914-18. Taking a comparative perspective, it reflects on the experience of France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Britain, Italy and Russia, and points to significant similarities and differences. It looks at changing patterns in the organisation of industry, and at the emerging symbiosis between science, industry and the military.
Book Synopsis Adhesion between polymers and concrete / Adhésion entre polymères et béton by : H. R. Sasse
Download or read book Adhesion between polymers and concrete / Adhésion entre polymères et béton written by H. R. Sasse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface Adhesion is a phenomenon architects and civil engineers are not very familiar with. In other disciplines knowledge about surface properties and the background of bonding energies is also far from satisfactory; nevertheless there are many important· applications in concrete engineering, where adhesion is necessary for success and durability. These include: - coating and painting - repair of concrete surfaces - bonding of fresh to old concrete - crack injection - glueing of precast elements - glueing of steel to concrete, etc. In 1981 RILEM established the technical committee 52-RAC 'Resin Adherence to Concrete'. The main aims of the committee's work were - to collect research results and practical experiences - to initiate and coordinate research programs - to develop, on a scientific base, test methods for field and for laboratory purposes. One of the results of the committee's work is a state-of-the-art report, which will be presented orally as a General Report at the International Symposium ISAP '86, and will be printed either in the RILEM journal Materials and Structures or separately. Several test recommendations have been elaborated and will be prepared as drafts for the participants ofISAP '86. These are: - direct tensile test - pull-off test - direct shear test - slant shear test - four-point bending test - dynamic loading test - thermal compatibility test (two versions) - injectibility test.
Book Synopsis Etudes Et Documentation Metallurgiques by :
Download or read book Etudes Et Documentation Metallurgiques written by and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical Methods in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by :
Download or read book Analytical Methods in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Differential Manifolds by : Jacques Lafontaine
Download or read book An Introduction to Differential Manifolds written by Jacques Lafontaine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to differential manifolds. It gives solid preliminaries for more advanced topics: Riemannian manifolds, differential topology, Lie theory. It presupposes little background: the reader is only expected to master basic differential calculus, and a little point-set topology. The book covers the main topics of differential geometry: manifolds, tangent space, vector fields, differential forms, Lie groups, and a few more sophisticated topics such as de Rham cohomology, degree theory and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for surfaces. Its ambition is to give solid foundations. In particular, the introduction of “abstract” notions such as manifolds or differential forms is motivated via questions and examples from mathematics or theoretical physics. More than 150 exercises, some of them easy and classical, some others more sophisticated, will help the beginner as well as the more expert reader. Solutions are provided for most of them. The book should be of interest to various readers: undergraduate and graduate students for a first contact to differential manifolds, mathematicians from other fields and physicists who wish to acquire some feeling about this beautiful theory. The original French text Introduction aux variétés différentielles has been a best-seller in its category in France for many years. Jacques Lafontaine was successively assistant Professor at Paris Diderot University and Professor at the University of Montpellier, where he is presently emeritus. His main research interests are Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, including some aspects of mathematical relativity. Besides his personal research articles, he was involved in several textbooks and research monographs.
Download or read book Aeronomy written by P. M. Banks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aeronomy, Part A is an attempt to make a comprehensive exposition of the processes in aeronomy, the study of composition, movement, and thermal balance of the upper regions of the planetary atmosphere. The text covers topics such as atmospheric regions and atmospheric density, the temperature and molecular mass of the atmosphere; the permanent constituents and the molecular and isotonic composition of the homosphere; and the transition from the homosphere to the heterosphere. Also covered are topics such as the temperature gradient and energies in the thermosphere, conditions at 200km and above 250km, solar radiation and ionization, and aeronomic reactions. The book is recommended for scientists, especially natural physicists, who would like to know more about the field of aeronomy and its advances.
Author :International Livestock Research Institute Publisher :ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD) ISBN 13 :9789291460038 Total Pages :268 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (6 download)
Book Synopsis Livestock Policy Analysis by : International Livestock Research Institute
Download or read book Livestock Policy Analysis written by International Livestock Research Institute and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy concepts; Identification of policy issues; Production systems, supply and demand; Market, price and trade policies; Marketing and distribution systems; Budget and manpower planning; Land tenure police for the livestock sector; Policy analysis report writing and communication; Livestock production and marketing in alphabeta - a case study.
Book Synopsis Use of Plutonium for Power Production by :
Download or read book Use of Plutonium for Power Production written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Geography; an Attempt at a Positive Classification, Principles and Examples by : Jean Brunhes
Download or read book Human Geography; an Attempt at a Positive Classification, Principles and Examples written by Jean Brunhes and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries by : David M. Robbins
Download or read book How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries written by David M. Robbins and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a practical handbook providing a step-by-step approach to the techniques used for characterizing wastewater sources and investigating sites where collection, treatment and reuse/disposal technologies will be installed. It is intended to help enable local implementation of on-site and decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS)for wide scale use in development settings. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries helps local service providers and regulatory officials make informed decisions through the use of tools, checklists and case studies. It includes a link to a web based community of on-site and decentralized wastewater professionals, which contains related tools and case studies. This handbook serves as a reference for training classes, certification programs, and higher education programs in civil and sanitary engineering. There is an increasing interest on the part of local government officials and private sector service providers to implement wastewater treatment systems to solve sanitation problems. The model presented in this handbook promotes activities that first generate data related to source and site conditions that represent critical inputs, and then applies this information to the technology selection process. Matching the most appropriate technologies to the specific needs of the wastewater project is the key that leads to long term sustainability. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries is an invaluable resource for public sector decision makers and private sector service providers in developing countries. It is also a useful text for students at engineering colleges in developing countries interested in taking a class that teaches the methods of decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS) development.
Book Synopsis Glossary of Soil Science Terms 2008 by : Soil Science Society of America
Download or read book Glossary of Soil Science Terms 2008 written by Soil Science Society of America and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 1800 terms are included in this revised glossary. Subject matter includes soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology and biochemistry, pedology, soil and water management and conservation, forest and range soils, nutrient management and soil and plant analysis, mineralogy, wetland soils, and soils and environmental quality. Two appendices on tabular information and designations for soil horizons and layers also are included.
