Inflammatory Mechanisms In Mediating Hearing Loss

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Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mediating Hearing Loss

Author : Vickram Ramkumar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319925075
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mediating Hearing Loss by : Vickram Ramkumar

Download or read book Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mediating Hearing Loss written by Vickram Ramkumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common forms of preventable hearing loss are drug and noise-induced hearing loss which are believed to be produced by a similar mechanism. The generation of reactive oxygen species appears to be a common mechanism mediating hearing loss produced by these different sources. As such, a number of laboratories have focused their research towards identifying the sources of ROS production in the cochlea following administration of chemotherapeutic agents or noise exposure. This led to the identification of ROS generating enzymes, such as xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidases which are activated and/or induced during the development of hearing loss. A consequence of these findings was the implementation of antioxidants in preclinical studies for the treatment of hearing loss. These antioxidants have provided different levels of protection in animal and human studies, but none of these have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hearing loss. More recently, it was shown that noise-induced hearing loss was associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells and mediators in the cochlea. This finding would suggest that noise could produce injury to the cochlea which stimulates local and/or circulating inflammatory cells. A similar finding was observed in the cochlea following administration of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. In addition, our laboratory and others have provided a plausible mechanism by which noise or chemotherapeutic agents could stimulate the inflammatory response. Surprisingly, this mechanism involves ROS activation of transcription factors linked to inflammatory processes in the cochlea. These studies have led to the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of hearing loss. Preliminary studies targeting inflammatory cytokines appear especially promising in preclinical studies. A primary goal of this project is to describe our current understanding of the oxidant hypothesis of noise and drug-induced hearing loss and show how this relates to cochlear inflammation. Several different aspects of the cochlear inflammatory process will be discussed in detail, ranging from the sources of inflammatory cells, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and cochlea resident immune cells. Molecular pathways leading to activation of the local inflammatory process will be highlighted and treatment options will be discussed. The relevance of certain clinically used anti-inflammatory interventions, such as trans-typmanic steroids will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will examine recent patents focusing on the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of drug and noise-induced hearing loss.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Author : Robert Vink
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
ISBN 13 : 0987073052
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Genetics of Deafness

Author : B. Vona
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318058564
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics of Deafness by : B. Vona

Download or read book Genetics of Deafness written by B. Vona and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics of Deafness offers a journey through areas crucial for understanding the causes and effects of hearing loss. It covers such topics as the latest approaches in diagnostics and deafness research and the current status and future promise of gene therapy for hearing restoration. The book begins by bringing attention to how hearing loss affects the individual and society. Methods of hearing loss detection and management throughout the lifespan are highlighted as is a particularly new development in newborn hearing screening. The challenges of hearing loss, an extremely heterogeneous impairment, are addressed. Additional topics include current research interests, ranging from novel gene identification to their functional validation in the mouse and zebrafish. The book ends with a chapter on the state of the art of gene therapy—an area that is certain to gain increasing attention as molecular mechanisms of deafness are better understood. Genetics of Deafness, written by leading authors in the field, is a must read for clinicians, researchers, and students. It provides much needed insight into the diagnosis and research of hereditary hearing loss.

Pathology of the Ear

Author : Harold Frederick Schuknecht
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780783741895
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (418 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathology of the Ear by : Harold Frederick Schuknecht

Download or read book Pathology of the Ear written by Harold Frederick Schuknecht and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a combination of text, color pictures, and numerous bandw illustrations, the pathology of the human ear is presented with a practical, clinical approach, primarily for practicing otologists. The volume encompasses the entire field of otology, beginning with the basics of laboratory methodology, anatomy, and pathophysiology, and continuing with otopathology in 15 chapters organized as logical compendia based on clinical and pathological manifestations. Extensively rewritten because of the substantial growth in knowledge that has occurred in temporal bone pathology and clinical otology, this edition (first was 1974) also adds two new chapters on disorders of the immune system and surgical pathology. 9.25x12.25" Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Advances in Hearing Rehabilitation

Author : S.K.W. Lloyd
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318063150
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Hearing Rehabilitation by : S.K.W. Lloyd

Download or read book Advances in Hearing Rehabilitation written by S.K.W. Lloyd and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of new technology in hearing aid devices as well as imaging techniques has improved the possibilities of meeting the patient's individual needs. This book, in which experts from around the world have contributed, comprehensively covers advances in all aspects of hearing implantation otology. Chapters review the evidence behind the current applications of the wide range of hearing implants available for different types of hearing loss. Further articles discuss the extended applications of implantation otology and let us have a glimpse into the future of hearing rehabilitation. New imaging techniques for the middle and inner ear are explored as well as innovations to improve Eustachian tube function. The publication is essential reading to otolaryngologists, audiologists and hearing rehabilitation professionals. It provides comprehensive coverage of state of the art hearing rehabilitation across the spectrum of hearing loss: as such it is a perfect tool for those who wish to develop their knowledge within the field.

Hearing Loss

Author : Tang-Chuan Wang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839686774
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Hearing Loss by : Tang-Chuan Wang

Download or read book Hearing Loss written by Tang-Chuan Wang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The auditory system is one of the finest structures in the human body. Although its anatomical structure is so small compared to other organs, without it, it would greatly affect a person’s basic life. Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear. When people communicate with others, listening is always the first step. That is why Helen Keller once said, “Blindness separates people from things; deafness separates people from people.” To avoid the “epidemic” of hearing loss in the near future, it is necessary to promote early screening, change public attitudes toward noise, and wear hearing aids appropriately. Based on the contributions of many authors, whom I sincerely respect, this book incorporates updated developments as well as future perspectives in the ever-expanding field of hearing loss. This book can also serve as a reference for persons who are involved in this field whether they are clinicians, researchers, or patients.

Insights Into Mechanisms Underlying Brain Impairment in Aging

Author : Jolanta Dorszewska
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889717321
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Insights Into Mechanisms Underlying Brain Impairment in Aging by : Jolanta Dorszewska

Download or read book Insights Into Mechanisms Underlying Brain Impairment in Aging written by Jolanta Dorszewska and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Free Radicals in ENT Pathology

Author : Josef Miller
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 3319134736
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Radicals in ENT Pathology by : Josef Miller

Download or read book Free Radicals in ENT Pathology written by Josef Miller and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume examines the current state of free radical biology and its impact on otology, laryngology, and head and neck function. The chapters collectively highlight the interrelationship of basic and translational studies in each area, define the challenges to translation, and identify the existing basic issues that demand investigation as well as the opportunities for novel intervention to prevent and treat ENT pathology and impairment. In each chapter, or in some cases pairs of chapters, the author(s) have included or married issues of basic research with translational challenges and research, thus defining the pathway by which new basic insights may lead to interventions to prevent or treat impairment. The final chapter of this book reflects a meeting of all the contributors, culminating in a discussion and “white paper” that identifies the challenges to the field and defines the studies and collaborations that may lead to improved understanding of free radical biology in ENT and, subsequently, new interventions to medically treat ENT pathology.

Psychotic Disorders

Author : Carol A. Tamminga MD
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190653299
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychotic Disorders by : Carol A. Tamminga MD

Download or read book Psychotic Disorders written by Carol A. Tamminga MD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychotic Disorders: Comprehensive Conceptualization and Treatments emphasizes a dimensional approach to psychosis--one of the most fascinating manifestations of altered brain behavior--that cuts across a broad array of psychiatric diagnoses from schizophrenia to affective psychosis and organic disorders like epilepsy and dementias. Written by an international roster of over seventy leading experts in the field, this volume comprehensively reviews, critiques, and integrates available knowledge on the etiology, mechanisms, and treatments of psychotic disorders, and outlines ways forward in both research and clinical practice towards more objective, mechanistically-based definitions of psychotic disorders. Chapters address topics such as psychosis phenomenology, biomarkers and treatments, the overlaps and interfaces between psychiatric disorders within the psychosis dimension, and novel disease definitions. Furthermore, the volume incorporates findings on potential mechanisms, bridges between various system levels (i.e., genetic, epigenetic, molecular and cellular, brain circuit and function, psychological, social, environmental and cultural) and their interactions, as well as the potential role in causation and/or mediation in psychotic disorders. Finally, the volume outlines a broad array of treatment approaches, from the readily available (e.g., psychopharmacology, various modalities of psychotherapy) to the experimental (e.g., cognitive interventions, neuromodulation). With a concluding section of forward perspectives conjecturing future directions and related challenges, this book aspires to stimulate new knowledge, generate novel frameworks, and carry new directions forward on psychotic disorders.

Inflammation in Heart Failure

Author : Matthijs Blankesteijn
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128004851
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Inflammation in Heart Failure by : Matthijs Blankesteijn

Download or read book Inflammation in Heart Failure written by Matthijs Blankesteijn and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation in Heart Failure, edited by W. Matthijs Blankesteijn and Raffaele Altara, is the first book in a decade to provide an in-depth assessment on the causes, symptoms, progression and treatments of cardiac inflammation and related conditions. This reference uses two decades of research to introduce new methods for identifying inflammatory benchmarks from early onset to chronic heart failure and specifically emphasizes the importance of classifying at-risk subgroups within large populations while determining the patterns of cytokines in such classifications. Further, the book details clinical applications of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Inflammation in Heart Failure’s breadth of subject matter, easy-to-follow structure, portability, and high-quality illustrations create an accessible benefit for researchers, clinicians and students. Presents updated information and research on the relevant inflammatory mediators of heart failure to aid in targeting future translational research as well as the improvement of early diagnosis and treatment Provides research into better understanding the different inflammatory mediators that signal the underlying diseases that potentially lead to heart failure Contains 20 years of research, offering a brief overview of the topic leading to current opinions on, and treatment of, heart failure Provides a structured, systematic and balanced overview of the role of inflammation in heart failure making it a useful resource for researchers and clinicians, as well as those studying cardiovascular diseases

Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases

Author : Gorazd Drevensek
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789230144
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases by : Gorazd Drevensek

Download or read book Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases written by Gorazd Drevensek and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides chapters on sex hormones and their modulation in neurodegenerative processes and pathologies, from basic molecular mechanisms, physiology, gender differences, to neuroprotection and clinical aspects for potential novel pharmacotherapy approaches. The book contains 14 chapters written by authors from various biomedical professions, from basic researchers in biology and physiology to medicine and veterinary medicine, pharmacologists, psychiatrist, etc. Chapters sum up the past and current knowledge on sex hormones, representing original new insights into their role in brain functioning, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The book is written for a broad range of audience, from biomedical students to highly profiled medical specialists and biomedical researchers, helping them to expand their knowledge on sex hormones in neurodegenerative processes and opening new questions for further investigation.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by Drugs and Environmental Toxicants

Author : Yvonne Will
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119329744
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by Drugs and Environmental Toxicants by : Yvonne Will

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction Caused by Drugs and Environmental Toxicants written by Yvonne Will and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed as a one-stop reference source for drug safety and toxicology professionals, this book explains why mitochondrial failure is a crucial step in drug toxicity and how it can be avoided. • Covers both basic science and applied technology / methods • Allows readers to understand the basis of mitochondrial function, the preclinical assessments used, and what they reveal about drug effects • Contains both in vitro and in vivo methods for analysis, including practical screening approaches for drug discovery and development • Adds coverage about mitochondrial toxicity underlying organ injury, clinical reports on drug classes, and discussion of environmental toxicants affecting mitochondria

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Author : Colleen G. Le Prell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441995234
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by : Colleen G. Le Prell

Download or read book Noise-Induced Hearing Loss written by Colleen G. Le Prell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to loud noise continues to be the largest cause of hearing loss in the adult population. The problem of NIHL impacts a number of disciplines. US standards for permissible noise exposure were originally published in 1968 and remain largely unchanged today. Indeed, permissible noise exposure for US personnel is significantly greater than that allowed in numerous other countries, including for example, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the European Union. However, there have been a number of discoveries and advances that have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of NIHL. These advances have the potential to impact how NIHL can be prevented and how our noise standards can be made more appropriate.

Infection and Hearing Impairment

Author : Valerie E. Newton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470034637
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Infection and Hearing Impairment by : Valerie E. Newton

Download or read book Infection and Hearing Impairment written by Valerie E. Newton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-06-14 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the book is to provide a text which brings together the expertise from two separate disciplines applied to a shared problem; that of hearing impairment resulting from an infectious cause. The book has been written to be accessible to both disciplines. It begins with chapters describing the anatomy and function of the ear and its development to allow those unfamiliar with the ear to understand how the pathogen can affect hearing. The following chapters include background information on the relevant viruses, bacteria and other pathogens so that those less familiar with these organisms will be able to understand the context within which they may affect the ear. The book also considers current ways in which these infections may be diagnosed, treated, and the potential for prevention.

Adverse Effects of Vaccines

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214351
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Adverse Effects of Vaccines by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Adverse Effects of Vaccines written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.

Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology

Author : P. Ashley Wackym
Publisher : PMPH USA
ISBN 13 : 1607951770
Total Pages : 2044 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology by : P. Ashley Wackym

Download or read book Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology written by P. Ashley Wackym and published by PMPH USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 2044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceded by: Pediatric otolaryngology / [edited by] Charles D. Bluestone ... [et al.]. 4th ed. c2003.

Delivering Therapeutics to the Inner Ear

Author : Peter S. Steyger
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889711137
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Delivering Therapeutics to the Inner Ear by : Peter S. Steyger

Download or read book Delivering Therapeutics to the Inner Ear written by Peter S. Steyger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Benjamin Shapiro is President and co-founder of Otomagnetics. Topic Editor Sylvain Celanire is a co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of PRAGMA Therapeutics. All other Topic Editors declare no competing commercial interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.