Inference Belief And Interpretation In Science

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Inference Belief and Interpretation in Science

Author : Avijit Lahiri
Publisher : Avijit Lahiri
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Inference Belief and Interpretation in Science by : Avijit Lahiri

Download or read book Inference Belief and Interpretation in Science written by Avijit Lahiri and published by Avijit Lahiri. This book was released on 2023-09-20 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an engaging discourse on a number of interesting and deep issues relating to how Science inquires into Nature. It constitutes a critique of the received view that objectivity and logic are the cornerstones of science, and emphasises the role of inductive inference, of which an essential feature is that, compared to its deductive counterpart, the correspondence between evidence and conclusion is not unique, and that it entails a fundamental element of choice or decision. Induction takes place in the mind of the individual and also in the collective mental process of a scientific community. More precisely, the process of inductive inference is essentially dependent on beliefs, tied to affect and emotions, mostly playing their role in a substratum of conscious, deductive activity. In this the scientific process, which involves induction and deduction in complementary roles, is seen to have deeply cognitive roots. Building around this basic perception and drawing from diverse current trends of research, the book adopts a naturalist approach to pose a critique of a widespread but naive version of scientific realism. The presentation is lucid, informal, and witty, mainly addressed to general readers, though the discourse is at once deep, intriguing and provoking wherein it will prove to be of value to specialists in the areas of philosophy of science and cognitive science.

Science and Religion in Wittgenstein's Fly-Bottle

Author : Tim Labron
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1501305891
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Religion in Wittgenstein's Fly-Bottle by : Tim Labron

Download or read book Science and Religion in Wittgenstein's Fly-Bottle written by Tim Labron and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are science and religion in accord or are they diametrically opposed to each other? The common perspectives-for or against religion-are based on the same question, “Do religion and science fit together or not?” These arguments are usually stuck within a preconceived notion of realism which assumes that there is a 'true reality' that is independent of us and is that which we discover. However, this context confuses our understanding of both science and religion. The core concern is not the relation between science and religion, it is realism in science and religion. Wittgenstein's philosophy and developments in quantum theory can help us to untie the knots in our preconceived realism and, as Wittgenstein would say, show the fly out of the bottle. This point of view changes the discussion from science and religion competing for the discovery of the 'true reality' external to us (realism), and from claiming that reality is simply whatever we pragmatically think it is (nonrealism), to realizing the nature and interdependence of reality, language, and information in science and religion.

Basic Optics

Author : Avijit Lahiri
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128093072
Total Pages : 1012 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Optics by : Avijit Lahiri

Download or read book Basic Optics written by Avijit Lahiri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Optics: Principles and Concepts addresses in great detail the basic principles of the science of optics, and their related concepts. The book provides a lucid and coherent presentation of an extensive range of concepts from the field of optics, which is of central relevance to several broad areas of science, including physics, chemistry, and biology. With its extensive range of discourse, the book's content arms scientists and students with knowledge of the essential concepts of classical and modern optics. It can be used as a reference book and also as a supplementary text by students at college and university levels and will, at the same time, be of considerable use to researchers and teachers. The book is composed of nine chapters and includes a great deal of material not covered in many of the more well-known textbooks on the subject. The science of optics has undergone major changes in the last fifty years because of developments in the areas of the optics of metamaterials, Fourier optics, statistical optics, quantum optics, and nonlinear optics, all of which find their place in this book, with a clear presentation of their basic principles. Even the more traditional areas of ray optics and wave optics are elaborated within the framework of electromagnetic theory, at a level more fundamental than what one finds in many of the currently available textbooks. Thus, the eikonal approximation leading to ray optics, the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of ray optics, the quantum theoretic interpretation of interference, the vector and dyadic diffraction theories, the geometrical theory of diffraction, and similar other topics of basic relevance are presented in clear terms. The presentation is lucid and elegant, capturing the essential magic and charm of physics. All this taken together makes the book a unique text, of major contemporary relevance, in the field of optics. Avijit Lahiri is a well-known researcher, teacher, and author, with publications in several areas of physics, and with a broad range of current interests, including physics and the philosophy of science. - Provides extensive and thoroughly exhaustive coverage of classical and modern optics - Offers a lucid presentation in understandable language, rendering the abstract and difficult concepts of physics in an easy, accessible way - Develops all concepts from elementary levels to advanced stages - Includes a sequential description of all needed mathematical tools - Relates fundamental concepts to areas of current research interest

Where the Conflict Really Lies

Author : Alvin Plantinga
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199812101
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Where the Conflict Really Lies by : Alvin Plantinga

Download or read book Where the Conflict Really Lies written by Alvin Plantinga and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this long-awaited book, pre-eminent analytical philosopher Alvin Plantinga argues that the conflict between science and theistic religion is actually superficial, and that at a deeper level they are in concord.

Statistical Inference as Severe Testing

Author : Deborah G. Mayo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108563309
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical Inference as Severe Testing by : Deborah G. Mayo

Download or read book Statistical Inference as Severe Testing written by Deborah G. Mayo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mounting failures of replication in social and biological sciences give a new urgency to critically appraising proposed reforms. This book pulls back the cover on disagreements between experts charged with restoring integrity to science. It denies two pervasive views of the role of probability in inference: to assign degrees of belief, and to control error rates in a long run. If statistical consumers are unaware of assumptions behind rival evidence reforms, they can't scrutinize the consequences that affect them (in personalized medicine, psychology, etc.). The book sets sail with a simple tool: if little has been done to rule out flaws in inferring a claim, then it has not passed a severe test. Many methods advocated by data experts do not stand up to severe scrutiny and are in tension with successful strategies for blocking or accounting for cherry picking and selective reporting. Through a series of excursions and exhibits, the philosophy and history of inductive inference come alive. Philosophical tools are put to work to solve problems about science and pseudoscience, induction and falsification.

The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology

Author : Paul K. Moser
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019020818X
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology by : Paul K. Moser

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology written by Paul K. Moser and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-27 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology contains 19 previously unpublished chapters by today's leading figures in the field. These chapters function not only as a survey of key areas, but as original scholarship on a range of vital topics. Written accessibly for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professional philosophers, the Handbook explains the main ideas and problems of contemporary epistemology while avoiding overly technical detail.

The Foundations of Scientific Inference

Author : Wesley Salmon
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822971259
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis The Foundations of Scientific Inference by : Wesley Salmon

Download or read book The Foundations of Scientific Inference written by Wesley Salmon and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 1967-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not since Ernest Nagel’s 1939 monograph on the theory of probability has there been a comprehensive elementary survey of the philosophical problems of probablity and induction. This is an authoritative and up-to-date treatment of the subject, and yet it is relatively brief and nontechnical. Hume’s skeptical arguments regarding the justification of induction are taken as a point of departure, and a variety of traditional and contemporary ways of dealing with this problem are considered. The author then sets forth his own criteria of adequacy for interpretations of probability. Utilizing these criteria he analyzes contemporary theories of probability, as well as the older classical and subjective interpretations.

Degrees of Belief

Author : Franz Huber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402091982
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Degrees of Belief by : Franz Huber

Download or read book Degrees of Belief written by Franz Huber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology is the first book to give a balanced overview of the competing theories of degrees of belief. It also explicitly relates these debates to more traditional concerns of the philosophy of language and mind and epistemic logic.

The Structure of Scientific Inference

Author : Mary Hesse
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520359879
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure of Scientific Inference by : Mary Hesse

Download or read book The Structure of Scientific Inference written by Mary Hesse and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1974.

Best Explanations

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198746903
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Best Explanations by : Kevin McCain

Download or read book Best Explanations written by Kevin McCain and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty philosophers offer new essays examining the form of reasoning known as inference to the best explanation - widely used in science and in our everyday lives, yet still controversial. Best Explanations represents the state of the art when it comes to understanding, criticizing, and defending this form of reasoning.

Causal Inference in Statistics

Author : Judea Pearl
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119186862
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Causal Inference in Statistics by : Judea Pearl

Download or read book Causal Inference in Statistics written by Judea Pearl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-25 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CAUSAL INFERENCE IN STATISTICS A Primer Causality is central to the understanding and use of data. Without an understanding of cause–effect relationships, we cannot use data to answer questions as basic as "Does this treatment harm or help patients?" But though hundreds of introductory texts are available on statistical methods of data analysis, until now, no beginner-level book has been written about the exploding arsenal of methods that can tease causal information from data. Causal Inference in Statistics fills that gap. Using simple examples and plain language, the book lays out how to define causal parameters; the assumptions necessary to estimate causal parameters in a variety of situations; how to express those assumptions mathematically; whether those assumptions have testable implications; how to predict the effects of interventions; and how to reason counterfactually. These are the foundational tools that any student of statistics needs to acquire in order to use statistical methods to answer causal questions of interest. This book is accessible to anyone with an interest in interpreting data, from undergraduates, professors, researchers, or to the interested layperson. Examples are drawn from a wide variety of fields, including medicine, public policy, and law; a brief introduction to probability and statistics is provided for the uninitiated; and each chapter comes with study questions to reinforce the readers understanding.

book II. The individual and the society. book III. Man and the universe

Author : Hastings Rashdall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis book II. The individual and the society. book III. Man and the universe by : Hastings Rashdall

Download or read book book II. The individual and the society. book III. Man and the universe written by Hastings Rashdall and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Bloomsbury Companion to the Philosophy of Science

Author : Steven French
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472525353
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bloomsbury Companion to the Philosophy of Science by : Steven French

Download or read book The Bloomsbury Companion to the Philosophy of Science written by Steven French and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bloomsbury Companion to the Philosophy of Science presents a practical and up-to-date research resource to the philosophy of science. Addressing fundamental questions asked by areas that have continued to attract interest historically, as well as recently-emerging areas of research, this volume provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the philosophy of science. Specially-commissioned essays from an international team of experts reveal where important work continues to be done in the area and the exciting new directions the field is taking. The Companion explores issues pertaining to the philosophy of specific sciences (physics, biology, neuroscience, economics, chemistry and mathematics) and general issues in the field, such as explanation, realism, representation, evidence, reduction, laws, causation and confirmation. Featuring a series of indispensable research tools, including an A to Z of key terms and concepts, a chronology, a detailed list of resources and a fully annotated bibliography, The Bloomsbury Companion to the Philosophy of Science the essential reference tool for anyone working in philosophy of science today.

Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety

Author : Desmond N. D. Hartford
Publisher : Thomas Telford
ISBN 13 : 9780727732705
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety by : Desmond N. D. Hartford

Download or read book Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety written by Desmond N. D. Hartford and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2004 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intends to assist the dam owner in evaluating the needs for dam safety improvement, selecting and prioritizing remedial and corrective actions, and improving the operation, maintenance and surveillance procedures. This book is intended not only for industry specialists but also for readers outside the dam engineering community.

Talking God in Society

Author : Ute E. Eisen
Publisher : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
ISBN 13 : 3647573175
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Talking God in Society by : Ute E. Eisen

Download or read book Talking God in Society written by Ute E. Eisen and published by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Lampe's work has covered a wide range of fields, the common denominator being his interest in contextualizing belief systems. Mirroring his multifaced work, the authors pursue his interest from different interdisciplinary angles, addressing the interdependence between religious expressions and their situations or contexts. The application of theoretical models to texts examples flanks the inspiring theoretical – epistemological and methodological – reflections. Studies in socio-economic and political history adjoin archaeological, epigraphic, papyrological and iconographic investigations. (Social-)psychological interpretations of texts complement rhetorical analyses. The hermeneutical reception of biblical materials in, for example, the Koran and Christian Chinese or Orthodox contexts, as well as in religious education and homiletics, rounds off the volumes.

Philosophy and Cognitive Science

Author : Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642299288
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy and Cognitive Science by : Lorenzo Magnani

Download or read book Philosophy and Cognitive Science written by Lorenzo Magnani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses a number of recent topics at the crossroad of philosophy and cognitive science, taking advantage of both the western and the eastern perspectives and conceptions that emerged and were discussed at the PCS2011 Conference recently held in Guangzhou. The ever growing cultural exchange between academics and intellectual belonging to different cultures is reverberated by the juxtaposition of papers, which aim at investigating new facets of crucial problems in philosophy: the role of models in science and the fictional approach; chance seeking dynamics and how affordances work; abductive cognition; visualization in science; the cognitive structure of scientific theories; scientific representation; mathematical representation in science; model-based reasoning; analogical reasoning; moral cognition; cognitive niches and evolution.

Belief Functions in Business Decisions

Author : Rajendra P. Srivastava
Publisher : Physica
ISBN 13 : 3790817988
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief Functions in Business Decisions by : Rajendra P. Srivastava

Download or read book Belief Functions in Business Decisions written by Rajendra P. Srivastava and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on applications of belief functions to business decisions. Section I introduces the intuitive, conceptual and historical development of belief functions. Three different interpretations (the marginally correct approximation, the qualitative model, and the quantitative model) of belief functions are investigated, and rough set theory and structured query language (SQL) are used to express belief function semantics. Section II presents applications of belief functions in information systems and auditing. Included are discussions on how a belief-function framework provides a more efficient and effective audit methodology and also the appropriateness of belief functions to represent uncertainties in audit evidence. The third section deals with applications of belief functions to mergers and acquisitions; financial analysis of engineering enterprises; forecast demand for mobile satellite services; modeling financial portfolios; and economics.