Induction, Probability, and Causation

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401718687
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Induction, Probability, and Causation by : C.D. Broad

Download or read book Induction, Probability, and Causation written by C.D. Broad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his essay on 'Broad on Induction and Probability' (first published in 1959, reprinted in this volume), Professor G. H. von Wright writes: "If Broad's writings on induction have remained less known than some of his other contributions to philosophy . . . , one reason for this is that Broad never has published a book on the subject. It is very much to be hoped that, for the benefit of future students, Broad's chief papers on induction and probability will be collected in a single volume . . . . " The present volume attempts to perform this service to future students of induction and probability. The suggestion of publishing a volume of this kind in Synthese Library was first made by Professor Donald Davidson, one of the editors of the Library, and was partly prompted by Professor von Wright's statement. In carrying out this suggestion, the editors of Synthese Library have had the generous support of Professor Broad who has among other things supplied a new Addendum to 'The Principles of Problematic Induction' and corrected a number of misprints found in the first printings of this paper. The editors gratefully acknow ledge Professor Broad's help and encouragement. A bibliography of Professor Broad's writings (up to 1959) has been compiled by Dr. C. Lewy and has appeared in P. A. Schilpp, editor, The Philosophy of C. D. Broad (The Library of Living Philosophers), pp. 833-852.

Induction, Probability, and Causation. Selected Papers. By C.D. Broad

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Induction, Probability, and Causation. Selected Papers. By C.D. Broad by : Charlie Dunbar Broad

Download or read book Induction, Probability, and Causation. Selected Papers. By C.D. Broad written by Charlie Dunbar Broad and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Selected Papers of Léon Rosenfeld

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400993498
Total Pages : 969 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Selected Papers of Léon Rosenfeld by : Robert S. Cohen

Download or read book Selected Papers of Léon Rosenfeld written by Robert S. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decision to undertake this volume was made in 1971 at Lake Como during the Varenna summer school ofthe Italian Physical Society, where Professor Leon Rosenfeld was lecturing on the history of quantum theory. We had long been struck by the unique blend of epistemological, histori cal and social concerns in his work on the foundations and development of physics, and decided to approach him there with the idea of publishing a collection of his papers. He responded enthusiastically, and agreed to help us select the papers; furthermore, he also agreed to write a lengthy introduction and to comment separately on those papers that he felt needed critical re-evaluation in the light of his current views. For he was still vigorously engaged in both theoretical investigations of, and critical not reflections on the foundations of theoretical physics. We certainly did conceive of the volume as a memorial to a 'living saint', but rather more practically, as a useful tool to place in the hands of fellow workers and students engaged in wrestling with these difficult problems. All too sadly, fate has added a memorial aspect to our labors. We agreed that in order to make this book most useful for the con temporary community of physicists and philosophers, we should trans late all non-English items into English.

Selected Papers on Language and the Brain

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401020930
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Selected Papers on Language and the Brain by : N. Geschwind

Download or read book Selected Papers on Language and the Brain written by N. Geschwind and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers of science work not only with the methods of the sciences but with their contents as well. Substantive issues concerning the relation between mind and matter, between the material basis and the functions of cognition, have been central within the entire history of philosophy. We recall such philosophers as Aristotle, Descartes, the early Kant, Ernst Mach, and the early William James as directly inquiring of the organs and structures of thinking. Science and its philosophical self-criticism are especially and deeply united in the effort to understand the biological brain and human behavior, and so it requires no apology to include this collection of clinical studies among Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. The work of Dr. Norman Geschwind, well represented in this selection, explores the relation between structure and function, between the anatomy of the brain and the 'higher' behavior of men and women. As a clinical neurologist, Geschwind was led to these studies particularly by his in terest in those pathologies which have to do with human perception and language. His research into the anatomical substrates of specific dis orders-and strikingly the aphasias -present a fascinating and provocative examination of fundamental questions which will concern not neurologists alone but also psychologists, physicians, linguists, speech pathologists, educators, anthropologists, historians of medicine, and philosophers, among others, namely all those interested in the characteristic modes of human activity, in speech, in perception, and in the learning process generally.

Alternative Approaches to Causation

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192863487
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative Approaches to Causation by : Yafeng Shan

Download or read book Alternative Approaches to Causation written by Yafeng Shan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on alternatives to the two main philosophical approaches to causation: mechanistic explanation, and explanation in terms of difference-making. It explores the pluralistic, the fictionalist, the inferentialist, and the informational approaches, as well as the application of various approaches to natural and social sciences.

Belief and Probability

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401011583
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief and Probability by : J.M. Vickers

Download or read book Belief and Probability written by J.M. Vickers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. A WORD ABOUT PRESUPPOSITIONS This book is addressed to philosophers, and not necessarily to those philosophers whose interests and competence are largely mathematical or logical in the formal sense. It deals for the most part with problems in the theory of partial judgment. These problems are naturally formulated in numerical and logical terms, and it is often not easy to formulate them precisely otherwise. Indeed, the involvement of arithmetical and logical concepts seems essential to the philosophies of mind and action at just the point where they become concerned with partial judgment and" belief. I have tried throughout to use no mathematics that is not quite elementary, for the most part no more than ordinary arithmetic and algebra. There is some rudimentary and philosophically important employment of limits, but no use is made of integrals or differentials. Mathematical induction is rarely and inessentially employed in the text, but is more frequent and important in the apP'endix on set theory and Boolean algebra. • As far as logic is concerned, the book assumes a fair acquaintance with predicate logic and its techniques. The concepts of compactness and maximal consistency turn out to have important employment, which I have tried to keep self-contained, so that extensive knowledge of meta logical topics is not assumed. In a word, the book presupposes no more logical facility than is customary among working philosophers and graduate students, though it may call for unaccustomed vigor in its application.

Logic and Probability in Quantum Mechanics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401094667
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Probability in Quantum Mechanics by : Patrick Suppes

Download or read book Logic and Probability in Quantum Mechanics written by Patrick Suppes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the academic years 1972-1973 and 1973-1974, an intensive sem inar on the foundations of quantum mechanics met at Stanford on a regular basis. The extensive exploration of ideas in the seminar led to the org~ization of a double issue of Synthese concerned with the foundations of quantum mechanics, especially with the role of logic and probability in quantum meChanics. About half of the articles in the volume grew out of this seminar. The remaining articles have been so licited explicitly from individuals who are actively working in the foun dations of quantum mechanics. Seventeen of the twenty-one articles appeared in Volume 29 of Syn these. Four additional articles and a bibliography on -the history and philosophy of quantum mechanics have been added to the present volume. In particular, the articles by Bub, Demopoulos, and Lande, as well as the second article by Zanotti and myself, appear for the first time in the present volume. In preparing the articles for publication I am much indebted to Mrs. Lillian O'Toole, Mrs. Dianne Kanerva, and Mrs. Marguerite Shaw, for their extensive assistance.

Local Induction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401197997
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Induction by : R. Bogdan

Download or read book Local Induction written by R. Bogdan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The local justification of beliefs and hypotheses has recently become a major concern for epistemologists and philosophers of induction. As such, the problem of local justification is not entirely new. Most pragmatists had addressed themselves to it, and so did, to some extent, many classical inductivists in the Bacon-Whewell-Mill tradition. In the last few decades, however, the use of logic and semantics, probability calculus, statistical methods, and decision-theoretic concepts in the reconstruction of in ductive inference has revealed some important technical respects in which inductive justification can be local: the choice of a language, with its syntactic and semantic features, the relativity of probabilistic evalua tions to an initial body of evidence or background knowledge and to an agent's utilities and preferences, etc. Some paradoxes and difficulties encountered by purely formal accounts of inductive justification, the erosion of the once dominant empiricist position, which most approaches to induction took for granted, and the increasing challenge of noninduc tivist epistemolgies have underscored the need of accounting for the methodological problems of applying inductive logic to real life contexts, particularly in science. As a result, in the late fifties and sixties, several related developments pointed to a new, local approach to inductive justification.

Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401033900
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief by : M. Swain

Download or read book Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief written by M. Swain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this volume were originally presented at a sym posium held at the University of Pennsylvania in December of 1968. Each of the papers has been revised in light of the discussions that took place during this symposium. None of the papers has appeared in print previously. The extensive bibliography that appears at the end of the volume was originally distributed during the symposium and was revised on the basis of many helpful suggestions made by those who participated. The symposium was made possible by a grant from The National Science Foundation and funds contributed by the Philosophy Depart ment of the University of Pennsylvania. On behalf of the contributors to this volume, I would like to express my thanks to these organizations for their generous support. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of the Graduate Philosophy Students Organization at the University of Penn sylvania for the considerable assistance they gave me during the sym posium. My thanks, also, to Judith Sofranko and Lynn Luckett for their very responsible efforts in the preparation of the manuscript. Finally, I would like to thank Professor James Cornman for his invaluable advice and encouragement.

The Intuitive Sources of Probabilistic Thinking in Children

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9027706263
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis The Intuitive Sources of Probabilistic Thinking in Children by : H. Fischbein

Download or read book The Intuitive Sources of Probabilistic Thinking in Children written by H. Fischbein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1975-11-30 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About a year ago I promised my friend Fischbein a preface to his book of which I knew the French manuscript. Now with the printer's proofs under my eyes I like the book even better than I did then, because of, and influenced by, new experiences in the meantime, and fresh thoughts that crossed my mind. Have I been influenced by what I remembered from the manuscript? If so, it must have happened unconsciously. But of course, what struck me in this work a year ago, struck a responsive chord in my own mind. In the past, mathematics teaching theory has strongly been influenced by a view on mathematics as a heap of concepts, and on learning mathematics as concepts attainment. Mathematics teaching practice has been jeopardised by this theoretical approach, which in its most dangerous form expresses itself as a radical atomism. To concepts attainment Fischbein opposes acquisition of intuitions. In my own publications I avoided the word "intuition" because of the variety of its meanings across languages. For some time I have used the term "constitution of mathematical objects", which I think means the same as Fischbein's "acquisition of intuitions" - indeed as I view it, constituting a mental object precedes its conceptualising, and under this viewpoint I tried to observe mathematical activities of young children.

Collected Papers on Epistemology, Philosophy of Science and History of Philosophy

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940101132X
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Collected Papers on Epistemology, Philosophy of Science and History of Philosophy by : W. Stegmüller

Download or read book Collected Papers on Epistemology, Philosophy of Science and History of Philosophy written by W. Stegmüller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes contain all of my articles published between 1956 and 1975 which might be of interest to readers in the English-speaking world. The first three essays in Vol. 1 deal with historical themes. In each case I have attempted a rational reconstruction which, as far as possible, meets con temporary standards of exactness. In The Problem of Universals Then and Now some ideas of W.V. Quine and N. Goodman are used to create a modem sketch of the history of the debate on universals beginning with Plato and ending with Hao Wang's System :E. The second article concerns Kant's Philosophy of Science. By analyzing his position vis-a-vis I. Newton, Christian Wolff, and D. Hume, it is shown that for Kant the very notion of empirical knowledge was beset with a funda mental logical difficulty. In his metaphysics of experience Kant offered a solution differing from all prior as well as subsequent attempts aimed at the problem of establishing a scientific theory. The last of the three historical papers utilizes some concepts of modem logic to give a precise account of Wittgenstein's so-called Picture Theory of Meaning. E. Stenius' interpretation of this theory is taken as an intuitive starting point while an intensional variant of Tarski's concept of a relational system furnishes a technical instrument. The concepts of model world and of logical space, together with those of homomorphism and isomorphism be tween model worlds and between logical spaces, form the conceptual basis of the reconstruction.

What is a Law of Nature?

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316558894
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis What is a Law of Nature? by : D. M. Armstrong

Download or read book What is a Law of Nature? written by D. M. Armstrong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1985, D. M. Armstrong's original work on what laws of nature are has continued to be influential in the areas of metaphysics and philosophy of science. Presenting a definitive attack on the sceptical Humean view, that laws are no more than a regularity of coincidence between stances of properties, Armstrong establishes his own theory and defends it concisely and systematically against objections. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface written by Marc Lange, illuminating its continuing importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, this influential work is available for a new generation of readers.

The Logic of Conditionals

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940157622X
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Conditionals by : E.W. Adams

Download or read book The Logic of Conditionals written by E.W. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the four chapters in this book, the first two discuss (albeit in consider ably modified form) matters previously discussed in my papers 'On the Logic of Conditionals' [1] and 'Probability and the Logic of Conditionals' [2], while the last two present essentially new material. Chapter I is relatively informal and roughly parallels the first of the above papers in discussing the basic ideas of a probabilistic approach to the logic of the indicative conditional, according to which these constructions do not have truth values, but they do have probabilities (equal to conditional probabilities), and the appropriate criterion of soundness for inferences involving them is that it should not be possible for all premises of the inference to be probable while the conclusion is improbable. Applying this criterion is shown to have radically different consequences from the orthodox 'material conditional' theory, not only in application to the standard 'fallacies' of the material conditional, but to many forms (e. g. , Contraposition) which have hitherto been regarded as above suspi cion. Many more applications are considered in Chapter I, as well as certain related theoretical matters. The chief of these, which is the most important new topic treated in Chapter I (i. e.

Philosophical Lectures on Probability

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402082029
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Lectures on Probability by : Bruno de Finetti

Download or read book Philosophical Lectures on Probability written by Bruno de Finetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) is the founder of the subjective interpretation of probability, together with the British philosopher Frank Plumpton Ramsey. His related notion of “exchangeability” revolutionized the statistical methodology. This book (based on a course held in 1979) explains in a language accessible also to non-mathematicians the fundamental tenets and implications of subjectivism, according to which the probability of any well specified fact F refers to the degree of belief actually held by someone, on the ground of her whole knowledge, on the truth of the assertion that F obtains.

Patterns in Plato’s Thought

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401025452
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Patterns in Plato’s Thought by : J.M.E. Moravcsik

Download or read book Patterns in Plato’s Thought written by J.M.E. Moravcsik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his teachings and through his choice of the dialogue-form as a mode of communication, Plato emphasized the communal aspect of intellectual work. The need for having a community work together is nowhere more apparent then when the intellectual task set is that of interpreting the ancient philosophers. Those of us who were fortunate enough to spend some of our years as students at Oxford found that among our most inspiring experiences were the meetings of the Oxford Aristotelian So ciety, as well as the seminars in which B.PhiI. students discussed Plato and Aristotle. Up until the past few years no such group existed on the West Coast. In the fall of 1970 some of us got together to form the West Coast Greek Philosophy Conference, which was within a short time renamed by Prof. T. Rosenmeyer as 'the Aristotelians of the West, Unincorporated'. In our monthly meetings we translate and discuss Greek philosophic texts. For the past two years the group has been working on Aristotle's 'Physics'.

Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401014515
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos by : Robert S. Cohen

Download or read book Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos written by Robert S. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The death of Imre Lakatos on February 2, 1974 was a personal and philosophical loss to the worldwide circle of his friends, colleagues and students. This volume reflects the range of his interests in mathematics, logic, politics and especially in the history and methodology of the sciences. Indeed, Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. PAUL K. FEYERABEND ROBERT S. COHEN MARX W. WARTOFSKY TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface VII JOHN WORRALL / Imre Lakatos (1922-1974): Philosopher of Mathematics and Philosopher of Science JOSEPH AGASSI / The Lakatosian Revolution 9 23 D. M. ARMSTRONG / Immediate Perception w. W. BAR TLEY, III/On Imre Lakatos 37 WILLIAM BERKSON / Lakatos One and Lakatos Two: An Appreciation 39 I. B. COHEN / William Whewell and the Concept of Scientific Revolution 55 L. JONATHAN COHEN / How Can One Testimony Corroborate Another? 65 R. S. COHEN / Constraints on Science 79 GENE D'AMOUR/ Research Programs, Rationality, and Ethics 87 YEHUDA ELKANA / Introduction: Culture, Cultural System and Science 99 PA UL K.

Essays on Explanation and Understanding

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401018235
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Explanation and Understanding by : Juha Manninen

Download or read book Essays on Explanation and Understanding written by Juha Manninen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: