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Author : Reema Nayar
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Indonesian Labor Legislation in a Comparative Perspective written by Reema Nayar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1956 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Reema Nayar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (777 download)
Download or read book Indonesian Labor Legislation in a Comparative Perspective written by Reema Nayar and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Reema Nayar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)
Download or read book Indonesian Labor Legislation in a Comparative Perspective: A Study of Six APEC Countries written by Reema Nayar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1996 Current labor legislation in Indonesia is a mixed bag of laws protecting workers' welfare but controlling organized labor. The country must take care not to favor centrally mandated labor standards over those negotiated between workers and their employers. Nayar compares Indonesian labor legislations with labor policies in five other APEC countries: Chile, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, and the United States. She focuses on legislation affecting union regulation, minimum wages, nonwage compensation, and working conditions. Current legislation in Indonesia is a mixed bag of laws protecting workers' welfare but controlling organized labor. Indonesian laws restrict the ability of labor organizations to effectively represent workers to management at the plant level. In this, they are similar to Malaysian laws and, to less extent, new Korean legislation. They provide a stark contrast to current legislation in Chile and the United States. But Indonesian legislation governing minimum wages, mandated nonwage benefits, and other labor standards appear to be at least as generous as legislation in the five other countries, which all have substantially higher per capita incomes. Indonesia is under pressure to ease restrictions on unions. Nayar suggests that allowing effective plant-level bargaining could give workers more of a voice at the workplace, but that improving industrial relations will require more than legislative changes. Careful changes in legislation and in industrial relations - and increased deregulation and competition in product markets - could help unions play a more positive role, while downplaying labor's more negative role. She cautions against centrally mandating labor standards instead of letting workers and their employers negotiate them at local plants. This paper is the first in a series of studies on labor market issues initiated by the Bank's East Asia and Pacific Region, Country Department III.
Author : Alejandra Cox Edwards
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Labor Regulations and Industrial Relations in Indonesia written by Alejandra Cox Edwards and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nisha Agrawal
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Indonesia Labor Market Policies and International Competitiveness written by Nisha Agrawal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nisha Agrawal
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Benefits of Growth for Indonesian Workers written by Nisha Agrawal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Christoph Antons
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135795851
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)
Download or read book Law and Development in East and South-East Asia written by Christoph Antons and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-10-05 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980s and 1990s Asian 'developmental states' attracted much attention in political science and economics literature, but the role of law in the economic development was neglected. It was only after the Asian crisis of 1997 that many analysts began to focus on a lack of regulation and transparency as a major factor triggering the crisis. The crucial questions now are how successful the current reforms will be, and which features of the Asian approach to commercial law will be resistant to reform pressures. This book examines the prospects for commercial law reform in Asia, giving particular attention to Japan and Singapore, as frequently cited role models for Asian developmentalism, and also examining development related business laws in countries such as China, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines.
Author : Gordon Betcherman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821344781
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (447 download)
Download or read book East Asian Labor Markets and the Economic Crisis written by Gordon Betcherman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the impacts of the Asian economic crisis on the labor market, examining how various countries respondedIt identifies the labour policy reforms needed in areas of unemployment benefit, active labour market programs, support for vulnerable groups and social dialogue.
Author : Dan La Botz
Publisher : South End Press
ISBN 13 : 9780896086425
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (864 download)
Download or read book Made in Indonesia written by Dan La Botz and published by South End Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dynamic new labor movement emerged in Indonesia in the 1990s, helping to bring down the brutal Suharto dictatorship in 1998. Through rare personal interviews with the activists who are leading the rebirth of struggle for democratic rights in the world's fourth-largest country, La Botz draws valuable lessons for workers in the United States seeking to build international labor solidarity.
Author : Vojislav Maksimovi?, Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Financial Constraints, Uses of Funds and Firm Growth: and International Comparison written by Vojislav Maksimovi?, Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1996 The findings suggest that across very different financial systems, financial markets and intermediaries have a comparative advantage in funding short-term investment. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and high scores on an index of respect for legal norms are associated with faster than predicted rates of firm growth. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms growing faster than predicted. Demirgüç-Kunt and Maksimovic focus on two issues. First, they examine whether firms in different countries finance long-term and short-term investment similarly. Second, they investigate whether differences in financial systems and legal institutions across countries are reflected in the ability of firms to grow faster than they might have by relying on their internal resources or short-term borrowing. Across their sample, they find: * Positive correlations between investment in plant and equipment and retained earnings. * Negative correlations between investment in plant and equipment and external financing. * Negative correlations between investment in short-term assets and retained earnings. * Positive correlations between investment in short-term assets and external financing. These findings suggest that across very different financial systems, financial markets and intermediaries have a comparative advantage in funding short-term investment. For each firm in their sample, they estimate a predicted rate at which it can grow if it does not rely on long-term external financing. They show that the proportion of firms that grow faster than the predicted rate in each country is associated with specific features of the legal system, financial markets, and institutions. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and high scores on an index of respect for legal norms are associated with faster than predicted rates of firm growth. They present evidence that the law-and-order index measures the ability of creditors and debtors to enter into long-term contracts. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms growing faster than predicted. This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the impact of financial constraints on firm growth.
Author : Pedro Belli
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Is Economic Analysis of Projects Still Useful? written by Pedro Belli and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ross Levine
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Financial Development and Economic Growth written by Ross Levine and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) presents the full text of the December 2000 paper entitled "Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Overview," prepared by Mohsin S. Khan and Abdelhak S. Senhadji. The text is available in PDF format and the paper is part of the IMF's Working Paper series. This paper provides a review of literature on financial markets and discusses the relationship between financial development and economic growth.
Author : Michael W. Klein
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Risk, Taxpayers, and the Role of Government in Project Finance written by Michael W. Klein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: December 1996 A perennial question has been the relative cost of public and private finance for investment projects in infrastructure. Klein argues that the apparent cheapness of sovereign funds stems from taxpayers' not being remunerated for the contingent liability they effectively assume. So the proper role for government is to reduce the cost of risk-bearing for all projects by providing a stable and efficient policy framework. Klein concludes that government, through the tax system, cannot really do better than private financial markets at funding infrastructure projects. All the financial advantages of sovereign finance are due purely to coercive powers and are of no social value. Under government finance the taxpayers would bear a contingent liability that, if properly remunerated, would wipe out any cost advantage of sovereign borrowing. Governments should then refrain from investing in projects or firms, whether with equity or with debt. They should not cover commercial risks. In particular, one cannot argue that there is a tradeoff between the low cost of government finance and private efficiency. Private markets will do the best they can to tap low-cost funds while maintaining project discipline. They solve whatever tradeoff there is. The government cannot do better by raising funds. As a corollary, discount rates for private and public sector projects would not be expected to differ (contrary to standard practice). Arguing that the government cannot be expected to improve on the outcome of free financial markets is not to argue that all is the best in the best of all possible worlds and that there is no role for government. Private markets may not always find the best solutions. Market participants constantly search for better ways of trading risks. On average we could not expect governments to do better. More important, governments can significantly reduce the cost of risk-bearing by following prudent macroeconomic policies, supporting secure property rights, and deregulating and liberalizing financial markets so that private players can take the best advantage of low-cost funding opportunities. But it is inefficient to offset the risks created through bad policy by taxpayer-supported funding (which would amount to stealing from investors and compensating them by taking from taxpayers). Multilateral finance institutions should apply their financial instruments to support the development of better government policies - for example, by granting guarantees against policy failures where new policy regimes are not yet credible - and not simply invest in projects or guarantee the full credit risk of loans. This paper - a product of the Private Participation in Infrastructure Group, Private Sector Development Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze issues relating to private participation in infrastructure.
Author : Robert Listfield
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Brazil's Efficient Payment System written by Robert Listfield and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 Brazil has an impressive, efficient, highly automated payment system, driven at least in part by the need for rapid payment clearing and settlement in a high inflation environment. There is much of value to learn from the Brazilian system, but also room for improvement. Brazil's efficient, highly automated payment system developed over many years in response to hyper-inflationary, or near-hyperinflationary, conditions. Listfield and Montes-Negret describe that system, its payment instruments, and its links to other networks (markets for money, foreign exchange, capital, futures, and commodities) and the government's payment (payroll, social security, and the like) and collection (taxes) operations. They examine factors that have affected the development of the system, innovations Brazil plans to introduce, and opportunities for improving the system. The principal payment instruments used in Brazil are cash, checks, cobrancas, and DOCs (Documentos de Credito). Cobrancas - barcoded remittance documents used to pay bills - are handled much like European GIRO payments. DOCs are used to make interbank credit payments, intrabank transfers of funds between a client's different accounts, and client-to-client payments between parties with accounts at the same banking institution. Although a client can initiate a DOC on paper, all DOCs are electronic and processed only by banks. Networks include direct deposit and direct debit services, automated teller machines, credit cards, and home banking services. The system is highly automated, with separate systems for clearing and settling checks and credit payments (clearinghouses); government securities, private securities, state, local, and municipal securities; government payments; and foreign exchange. Among the lessons from this review of Brazil's check-based payment system: * Brazil's system shows that banks can cut costs by cooperating on check processing and transportation. The difficulty lies in structuring incentives and reaching agreements on how to allocate benefits fairly. * A broad, inclusive approach should be taken to modernizing the payments system, taking into account the needs of all users, from individuals and participants in capital markets to enterprises and government. * A wider menu of payment instruments should be offered than just checks. The use of cobrancas and DOCs provides certainty of payment and gives those without checking accounts access to the payment system. This paper - a product of the Financial Sector Development Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to examine factors constraining the development of countries' financial infrastructure.
Author : L. Alan Winters
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9703111149
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Regionalism versus Multilateralism written by L. Alan Winters and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 Do the forces that regional integration arrangements set up encourage or discourage a trend toward globally freer trade? We don't know yet. The literature on regionalism versus multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements building blocks or stumbling blocks, in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, We don't know yet. One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions. Winters offers conclusions about research strategy as well as about the world we live in. Among the conclusions he reaches: * Since we value multilateralism, we had better work out what it means and, if it means different things to different people, make sure to identify the sense in which we are using the term. * Sector-specific lobbies are a danger if regionalism is permitted because they tend to stop blocs from moving all the way to global free trade. In the presence of lobbies, trade diversion is good politics even if it is bad economics. * Regionalism's direct effect on multilateralism is important, but possibly more so is the indirect effect it has by changing the ways in which groups of countries interact and respond to shocks in the world economy. * Regionalism, by allowing stronger internalization of the gains from trade liberalization, seems likely to facilitate freer trade when it is initially highly restricted. * The possibility of regionalism probably increases the risks of catastrophe in the trading system. The insurance incentives for joining regional arrangements and the existence of shiftable externalities both lead to such a conclusion. So too does the view that regionalism is a means to bring trade partners to the multilateral negotiating table because it is essentially coercive. Using regionalism for this purpose may have been an effective strategy, but it is also risky. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for a conference on regional integration sponsored by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, La Coru-a, Spain, April 26-27, 1996, and will appear in the conference proceedings.
Author : Hafiz A. Akhand
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth written by Hafiz A. Akhand and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stock markets, banks and economic growth: a reasonable extreme bounds analysis (Discussion paper, 99/4)
Author : Pierre Carlo Padoan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade and the Accumulation and Diffusion of Knowledge written by Pierre Carlo Padoan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 The accumulation of knowledge affects trade performance and competitiveness, but trade also (through imports) affects the accumulation of knowledge. Padoan examines the properties of a dynamic disequilibrium model focused on trade specialization and the accumulation of knowledge. He uses a sector breakdown (four export and two import sectors) following Pavitt's (1984) taxonomy, which is especially appropriate for empirically analyzing the relationship between innovation activities and production and export performance. Steady-state analysis shows that: * Under perfectly balanced growth (no change in trade specialization and a uniform growth of knowledge), international diffusion of knowledge is irrelevant for growth. * Under unbalanced growth (with changes in the structure of specialization), the process of structural change may be enhanced by the effects on the domestic accumulation of knowledge of domestic spillover, as innovation activities in one sector generate positive externalities on the rest of the economy. The growth of foreign knowledge has an ambivalent effect on domestic performance because it is both a complement to, and a substitute for, domestic knowledge. Whenever these two effects do not perfectly match, the diffusion of international knowledge is associated with unbalanced growth. Imports of knowledge-intensive goods may not lead to higher growth unless there is sufficiently strong trade performance in the knowledge-intensive sectors (that is, there are thresholds in expansion of market share). This result, whose implications for developing countries is relevant, is not usually reported in the literature in which greater accumulation of foreign knowledge unambiguously leads to higher growth in the country that imports technology through trade. Unbalanced growth is also associated with output catching up. Technological catching up is necessary but not sufficient for balanced growth. Parameter estimates were obtained for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Results appear to be consistent with theoretical expectations about the importance of price and nonprice determinants of trade performance in the four sectors. Results also seem to be generally consistent with the distribution of revealed comparative advantages in the sense that the country cases exhibit high and significant price and knowledge elasticities and high adjustment speeds - suggesting a good capacity to deliver in sectors with revealed comparative advantage. Simulation exercises confirm steady-state results on the relevance of country differences in trade specialization and in the domestic accumulation of knowledge as they affect growth. They also clarify the relationship between growth and changes in the structure of trade specialization. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to assess the role of technology diffusion in economic development.
