Indonesian Grammar In Context

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Indonesian Grammar in Context

Author : Ellen Rafferty
Publisher : NUS Press
ISBN 13 : 9971698099
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (716 download)

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Book Synopsis Indonesian Grammar in Context by : Ellen Rafferty

Download or read book Indonesian Grammar in Context written by Ellen Rafferty and published by NUS Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indonesian Grammar in Context (Asyik Berbahasa Indonesia) provides beginning, intermediate, and advanced learners with an introduction to the basic grammatical structures of Indonesian in three richly illustrated volumes. Although numerous varieties of Indonesian exist throughout the archipelago, the authors use a relaxed, conversational style of Indonesian acceptable for interethnic communication among educated native speakers and commonly used in the media. Students engage in task-based activities set in real-life situations as they speak and write in Indonesian, thus acquiring grammatical accuracy while immersing themselves in the cultural context. Each lesson revolves around a grammatical construction presented in a conversation, narrative, or letter. Online recordings are available, allowing students to reinforce the learning of the grammatical forms. Lessons first offer the student the opportunity to see and hear the grammar in use, then to practice the grammatical form, and finally to read an explanation of the grammatical rule in English. Numerous illustrations and photographs aid in learning the language and culture without excessive use of translation. In addition, cultural notes at the end of each lesson allow students to explore the relationship between language use and socio-cultural values and customs.

Indonesian: A Comprehensive Grammar

Author : James Neil Sneddon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135873518
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Indonesian: A Comprehensive Grammar by : James Neil Sneddon

Download or read book Indonesian: A Comprehensive Grammar written by James Neil Sneddon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar is a complete reference guide to the language of Indonesia as used by native speakers. The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Indonesian grammar. It presents the complexities of Indonesian in a concise and readable form. An extensive index, cross-referencing and a generous use of headings will provide readers with immediate access to the information they require. Key features: to aid clarity, all word groups and structures discussed are illustrated by natural examples of frequently used words and expressions each section can be read independently, enabling the reader to focus on a specific aspect of the language, if required all major structures of Indonesian, from words to complex sentences are described in detail common grammatical terms used are all clearly defined in an extensive glossary. By providing a comprehensive description of Indonesian in a clear and non-technical manner, this grammar makes an ideal reference source for all users of the language, whether in colleges, universities or adult education classes of all types. James Neil Sneddon was Associate Professor in the Faculty of Asian and International Studies at Griffith University, with long experience teaching Indonesian language and linguistics. He is also author of Understanding Indonesian Grammar. Alexander Adelaar is Principal Fellow in the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of a number of books on Austronesian linguistics. Dwi Noverini Djenar lectures in the Department of Indonesian Studies at the University of Sydney. She is author of Semantic, Pragmatic and Discourse Perspectives of Preposition Use: A study of Indonesian locatives. Michael C Ewing is a senior lecturer in Indonesian Studies at the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of Grammar and Inference in Conversation: Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese.

Learn Indonesian language Phrase Book

Author : Haneef Khee Abdullah
Publisher : Haneef Khee
ISBN 13 : 9811127638
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Learn Indonesian language Phrase Book by : Haneef Khee Abdullah

Download or read book Learn Indonesian language Phrase Book written by Haneef Khee Abdullah and published by Haneef Khee. This book was released on 2017-03-19 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is more than just a handy Indonesian phrasebook, with additional information on the culture and also tips to be easily accepted by local Indonesians. Includes video links in the book for enhanced learning. Any seasonal traveler to Indonesia will tell you that having the ability to speak the Indonesian language and knowing its culture will make a huge difference in a person’s travel experience in Indonesia, be it on a business trip or a leisure holiday visit. Knowing the very essentials of the language will get you around easily, accomplishing daily activities, from relating to the people, travelling from point to point, paying for the right product at the right price, checking-in and out of hotels, dinning-in and getting much more out of your visit. That is the reason for this book which is designed for all travelers to Indonesia. The focus here is not only on effective communication, but also on simple grammar understanding, proper sentence construction, generating the right word for the right context, cultural exposure, and even tips to get the Indonesians to accept and embrace you better. It is organized to be easy, simple, concise, comprehensive and useful and yet not information dumping. Throughout the learning process, knowledge learnt will be accumulative, so you get to acquire the necessary skills to speak the language better and more effective with every chapter of learning. Every chapter has a good mix of theory and practical, and contain common phrases that can be used immediately. Learners can immediately start to speak and communicate with the locals without having to first complete learning the whole book. Learn Indonesian Language Phrase Book covers: 1.Hundreds of useful Indonesian words and phrases 2.200 most common words in Indonesian 3.100 most common verbs, adjectives and nouns 4.Arranged by topic and situation for easy use and reference 5.Grammar and pronunciation guide 6.Cultural exposure and tips to be easily accepted by locals 7.Complete guide to the affixation system with clear explanation 8.Make learning simple, easy and fun with selected video clips 9.Material is arranged in a step-by-step manner. 10.Books are compact (in size) but comprehensive (in information) 11.Instructions are easy to follow and understand 12.Books can be used for self-improving or in a class learning environment 13.Good mixture of theory and practical 14.With the learning system of Language Made Easy Series, learners will learn the most important part of the language in a systematical manner, so they can apply the knowledge almost immediately

A Grammar of Makasar

Author : Anthony Jukes
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004412662
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis A Grammar of Makasar by : Anthony Jukes

Download or read book A Grammar of Makasar written by Anthony Jukes and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the Makasar language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, drawing heavily on three centuries of literary sources. Makasarese is notable as head–marking and ergative/absolutive in alignment, and its large number of geminate and pre–glottalised consonants.

Welcome to Indonesian

Author : Stuart Robson
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1462904882
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

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Book Synopsis Welcome to Indonesian by : Stuart Robson

Download or read book Welcome to Indonesian written by Stuart Robson and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and user–friendly introduction to the Indonesian language This concise book aims to introduce the reader to the Indonesian language not by creating a course, with grammar and exercises, but by describing it from various points of view, such as telling what it is related to and how it has developed, and on this basis saying where some of its words originate, as a means of familiarization with some common examples. After that, the description moves on to talk about the kinds of words one wold expect to meet, and how they can be put together as sentences, before providing a few examples of journalistic prose as well as some more literary specimens, in order to give a feeling for the language. Welcome to Indonesian includes: Chapter 1: What is Indonesian? Chapter 2: Bahasa Indonesia as the National Language Chapter 3: A Historical Overview Chapter 4: The Development of Modern Indonesian Chapter 5: Indonesian and Malaysian Chapter 6: The colloquial Dimension, Influence of Dialek Jakarta Chapter 7: What is Indonesian Related to? Chapter 9: Loanwords in Indonesian Chapter 10: The Indonesian Word Chapter 11: The Indonesian Sentence Chapter 12: Journalistic Prose Chapter 13: A Literary Dimension Suggestions for Further Reading Glossary of Indonesian Words

Bahasa Indonesia

Author : Yohanni Johns
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Bahasa Indonesia by : Yohanni Johns

Download or read book Bahasa Indonesia written by Yohanni Johns and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indonesian for Beginners

Author : Katherine Davidsen
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1462920047
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

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Book Synopsis Indonesian for Beginners by : Katherine Davidsen

Download or read book Indonesian for Beginners written by Katherine Davidsen and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selamat datang! Learn to read, write, and speak Indonesian! By completing the 12 lessons in Indonesian for Beginners, you will learn not only to understand, speak, read and write basic Indonesian, but also about many important aspects of Indonesia's amazingly diverse culture, people, and places. This book provides a gateway to understanding the Indonesian language and country, and helps you to apply what you learn in a way that is relevant, meaningful and fun. The course is structured around the concept of spending a year in Indonesia--experiencing different seasonal events which bring the learner on a journey. In this way, the cultural and background information becomes a natural part of the understanding of the Indonesian language and helps you to place what you learn into context within a full narrative about life in Indonesia. Each chapter contains the following elements: An introduction with images and captions Grammar points A word bank presenting key vocabulary One or more sample conversations Listening practice and readings An "Indonesian and me" section that uses Indonesian to talk about yourself Key questions and statements Drills and exercises Indonesian for Beginners includes reading, writing and speaking tasks based on authentic real-life materials. While aimed at learners taking a classroom course, it can also be used by anyone studying Indonesian in other ways--in a high school course or as a self-study book.

Bahasa Indonesia

Author : Yohanni Johns
Publisher : PeriplusEdition
ISBN 13 : 9780945971566
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (715 download)

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Book Synopsis Bahasa Indonesia by : Yohanni Johns

Download or read book Bahasa Indonesia written by Yohanni Johns and published by PeriplusEdition. This book was released on 1977 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set presents graded courses in Bahasa Indonesia. It is used by universities all over the world and is accessible to those who wish to master the language through self-study at the intermediate and advanced levels.

Tuttle Concise Balinese Dictionary

Author : I Gusti Made Sutjaja
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 146291084X
Total Pages : 1257 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

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Book Synopsis Tuttle Concise Balinese Dictionary by : I Gusti Made Sutjaja

Download or read book Tuttle Concise Balinese Dictionary written by I Gusti Made Sutjaja and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 1257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most up-to-date Balinese Dictionary on the market Tuttle Concise Balinese Dictionary has both Balinese to English and English to Balinese sections. It's compact size allows for easy transport without limiting the content. This Balinese dictionary is perfect for Balinese language students, or business people and tourists traveling to the Bali. It contains over 18,000 words and expressions, carefully selected to cover all important aspects of life and commerce in Bali. In addition, extensive information on Balinese grammar and Balinese pronunciation are included. This dictionary contains the following features: 25,000 Balinese words and expressions Up-to-date local Balinese slang and idioms A guide to Balinese pronunciation and Balinese Grammar English and Romanized Balinese script Extensive notes with detailed tips on usage and social context Parts of speech, common phrases and idiomatic expressions Other dictionaries in this bestselling series you might be interested in include: Concise Indonesian Dictionary, Concise Tagalog Dictionary, and Concise Vietnamese Dictionary.

Indonesian Grammar in Context

Author : Ellen Rafferty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789971698287
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Indonesian Grammar in Context by : Ellen Rafferty

Download or read book Indonesian Grammar in Context written by Ellen Rafferty and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-08 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indonesian Grammar in Context (Asyik Berbahasa Indonesia)provides beginning, intermediate, and advanced learners with an introduction to the basic grammatical structures of Indonesian in three richly illustrated volumes. Although numerous varieties of Indonesian exist throughout the archipelago, the authors use a relaxed, conversational style of Indonesian acceptable for interethnic communication among educated native speakers and commonly used in the media. Students engage in task-based activities set in real-life situations as they speak and write in Indonesian, thus acquiring grammatical accuracy while immersing themselves in the cultural context.

Easy Indonesian

Author : Thomas G. Oey, Ph.D.
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1462913717
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

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Book Synopsis Easy Indonesian by : Thomas G. Oey, Ph.D.

Download or read book Easy Indonesian written by Thomas G. Oey, Ph.D. and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical and concise self-study guide will help you learn Indonesian in a very short time Indonesia is the hot new Asian destination, a country where lively conversation, good humor and warm human interaction are integral parts of daily life. In addition, the Indonesian language is widely considered to be one of the easiest Asian languages for Westerners to learn. Easy Indonesian brings Indonesian language and culture alive, giving you all the basics you need to start speaking Indonesian immediately. The opening chapters introduce the essentials of pronunciation and sentence construction, with each subsequent chapter moving you forward in gradually building up your knowledge for specific situations and activities, such as making new acquaintances, going shopping, traveling around, and much more. Every chapter contains helpful information on the customs and culture of this warm and friendly country, so that you'll soon be able to read Indonesian, speak Indonesian and talk about everything from the weather to your job and home and family with ease. An extensive glossary at the back and a section on verb and noun forms are included to help you build your vocabulary and understand the different forms that Indonesian words take. The accompanying downloadable audio gives you a solid foundation in correct pronunciation and helps you get a feel for the spoken language, so you'll be able to understand what people are saying--and participate in conversations!

Indonesian Grammar in Context

Author : Ellen Rafferty
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Indonesian Grammar in Context by : Ellen Rafferty

Download or read book Indonesian Grammar in Context written by Ellen Rafferty and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a communicative approach to the learning of the basic grammatical structures of Indonesian. Students become engaged in task-based activities set in life-like situations as they read, write and speak Indonesian. This type of communication promotes the acquisition of grammatical accuracy while immersing the student in the cultural context. The opening section of each lesson presents one function of a grammatical construction in a natural context such as a conversation, narrative, or letter. A set of online recordings of the opening segments reinforces the grammatical form as the student listens to the dialogue or text in a natural discourse setting. The text first offers the student the opportunity to experience (hear and/or see) the grammar in use, then to extensively practice the grammatical form, and finally to read an explanation of the grammatical rule in English. The text is rich with illustrations and photographs which aid the student in learning the language and culture without excessive use of translation. In addition, cultural notes at the end of the lessons allow the student to explore the relationship between language use and socio-cultural values and customs.

Producing Indonesia

Author : Eric Tagliacozzo
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501718975
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Producing Indonesia by : Eric Tagliacozzo

Download or read book Producing Indonesia written by Eric Tagliacozzo and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 26 scholars contributing to this volume have helped shape the field of Indonesian studies over the last three decades. They represent a broad geographic background—Indonesia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, Canada—and have studied in a wide array of key disciplines—anthropology, history, linguistics and literature, government and politics, art history, and ethnomusicology. Together they reflect on the "arc of our field," the development of Indonesian studies over recent tumultuous decades. They consider what has been achieved and what still needs to be accomplished as they interpret the groundbreaking works of their predecessors and colleagues. This volume is the product of a lively conference sponsored by Cornell University, with contributions revised following those interactions. Not everyone sees the development of Indonesian studies in the same way. Yet one senses—and this collection confirms—that disagreements among its practitioners have fostered a vibrant, resilient intellectual community. Contributors discuss photography and the creation of identity, the power of ethnic pop music, cross-border influences on Indonesian contemporary art, violence in the margins, and the shadows inherent in Indonesian literature. These various perspectives illuminate a diverse nation in flux and provide direction for its future exploration.

Saya Orang Indonesia

Author : Satish Pai
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781796425628
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (256 download)

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Book Synopsis Saya Orang Indonesia by : Satish Pai

Download or read book Saya Orang Indonesia written by Satish Pai and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Saya Orang Indonesia" provides snippets about the Indonesian consumers and the market from an expatriate's viewpoint. This includes insightful observations peppered with anecdotes, about different facets of Indonesians, and provides learnings' that will greatly help both expatriates as well as marketers understand the Indonesian consumer a better. It discusses my observations, viewpoints and some of my experiences in Indonesia. I write about what Indonesians value most, about food, retail, society trends, advertising and also opportunities for marketers and advertisers to capitalise onThis will take a leap from the popular "The Emergence of I in Indonesia" that I co-authored with Monica Cravenetya about socio-cultural changes witnessed in Indonesia resulting in it moving slowly from a collectivist, conformist society to an individualist, assertive society (this was awarded best paper at the ESOMAR Asia-Pacific conference 2015 at Singapore)Indonesia has gained the world's attention being the fourth largest democracy and the biggest South East Asian market. A lot more regional and international companies are focusing on the market, and establishing a presence and a local office (unlike earlier where a Singapore or HK office or the international HQ handled Indonesia). There are a lot more expatriates - managers from across their globe, and their families and social support circles (education, lifestyle, community related support/ traders etc.) who are in Indonesia and would like to know more in an easy-to-read non-academic manner.A lot of international companies who have tried to launch their global leading brands and products have struggled in Indonesia meeting limited or no success. This book helps understand some of the reasons why, as well as talks of some of the trends changing which might help the business manager while highlighting opportunities and some best practices that other successful brands and advertisements have used and achieved in Indonesia.This book will best help business managers, marketers, advertisers and expatriates connect to Indonesians and understand what makes them tick, and what drives them. And being non-academic, and written in an easy to read style makes it not just a good read but entertaining as well. Marketeers and managers would benefit by mining insights from this and utilize this in their HR as well as marketing campaigns. If you are new to Indonesia this would be a great primer, and if you are experienced this would serve as a refresher, provoking new angles of looking at the market and the consumers.A key aspect of this book is its easy-to-read style - somewhere between a coffee table book, a magazine as well as a compendium of learning's. While there are sections, it will not be one continuous long essay and instead will contain snippets on the topic (max 3 pages each) compiled in an interesting sequence. The reader can start anywhere, read a piece within a couple of minutes, as well as move to another different piece elsewhere in the book. The entire book should be readable within a flight or overnight at most.Overall the author fervently hopes that the one thing he would like to leave in the minds of the readers is a love for this wonderful country and its lovely people.

The Alor-Pantar languages

Author : Marian Klamer
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3944675940
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis The Alor-Pantar languages by : Marian Klamer

Download or read book The Alor-Pantar languages written by Marian Klamer and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alor-Pantar family constitutes the westernmost outlier group of Pa\-puan (Non-Austronesian) languages. Its twenty or so languages are spoken on the islands of Alor and Pantar, located just north of Timor, in eastern Indonesia. Together with the Papuan languages of Timor, they make up the Timor-Alor-Pantar family. The languages average 5,000 speakers and are under pressure from the local Malay variety as well as the national language, Indonesian. This volume studies the internal and external linguistic history of this interesting group, and showcases some of its unique typological features, such as the preference to index the transitive patient-like argument on the verb but not the agent-like one; the extreme variety in morphological alignment patterns; the use of plural number words; the existence of quinary numeral systems; the elaborate spatial deictic systems involving an elevation component; and the great variation exhibited in their kinship systems. Unlike many other Papuan languages, Alor-Pantar languages do not exhibit clause-chaining, do not have switch reference systems, never suffix subject indexes to verbs, do not mark gender, but do encode clusivity in their pronominal systems. Indeed, apart from a broadly similar head-final syntactic profile, there is little else that the Alor-Pantar languages share with Papuan languages spoken in other regions. While all of them show some traces of contact with Austronesian languages, in general, borrowing from Austronesian has not been intense, and contact with Malay and Indonesian is a relatively recent phenomenon in most of the Alor-Pantar region. This is the second edition of the volume that was originally published in 2014. In this edition, typographical errors have been corrected, small textual improvements have been implemented, broken URL links repaired or removed, and references updated. The overall content of the chapters has not been changed.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Author : Kate Woodford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780521824231
Total Pages : 1550 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (242 download)

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Book Synopsis Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary by : Kate Woodford

Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Indonesian Slang

Author : Christopher Torchia
Publisher : Tuttle Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1462910572
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)

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Book Synopsis Indonesian Slang by : Christopher Torchia

Download or read book Indonesian Slang written by Christopher Torchia and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cekidot, gan!--"Check it out, Boss!" Kamu Dodol--"You're a coconut fudge!" (You're slow on the uptake) This book is an informal compendium of Indonesian expressions, including proverbs, slang, quotations and acronyms. The unique aspects of the Indonesian language offer one of the best windows into Indonesian culture. Slang, titles, proverbs, nicknames, acronyms, quotations and other expressions reveal its character, in the words of its people and are a great way to learn Indonesian culture. This book of expressions looks at Indonesia with the help of its national language, bahasa Indonesia. It describes Indonesians and their fears, beliefs, history and politics, as well as how they live, fight, grieve and laugh. Indonesian is a variant of Malay, the national language of Malaysia, and many of its expressions come from the Malay heartland of Sumatra island. Indonesian has also incorporated terms from Javanese, the language of the dominant ethnic group in a huge nation of more than 17,000 islands. Although Indonesian is officially a young language, it contains words from Sanskrit, Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, Portuguese and English, a legacy of the merchants, warriors, laborers and holy men who traveled to the archipelago over the centuries. The Indonesian language was a nationalist symbol during the campaign against Dutch rule in the 20th century. Indonesians who fought against colonialism made it the national language in their constitution when they declared independence in 1945. Two generations later, modern Indonesians loveword play. The tongue slips and skids, chopping words, piling on syllables and flipping them. Indonesians turn phrases into acronyms and construct double meanings. Their inventions reflect social trends, mock authority, or get the point across in a hurry. This book divides Indonesian expressions into categories such as food and wisdom, politics and personalities. The format is the same in each chapter. An expression in Indonesian, or sometimes a regional language in Indonesia, is followed by a translation, an interpretation of the meaning, and usually a summary of the idiom's origin or background. Some translations are more literal than others, reflecting an effort to balance clarity of meaning with the flavor of the original words.