Individual Differences in Subjective Response to Alcohol

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Individual Differences in Subjective Response to Alcohol by : Marc Ian Kruse

Download or read book Individual Differences in Subjective Response to Alcohol written by Marc Ian Kruse and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual differences in subjective response to alcohol have been implicated as a risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorders. There are, however, a variety of ethical, legal, and practical considerations surrounding alcohol administration studies which limit the extent to which this marker can be used to identify those believed to be at greater risk. The current research contains two related laboratory studies with the overall goal of identifying valid and reliable correlates of individual differences in subjective response to alcohol that can be used to discern emerging adults at greater risk for problematic drinking. Study 1 evaluated the associations between the actual subjective experience of a moderate dose of alcohol (BAC .08%) and three domains of potential correlates: anticipated subjective response based on a hypothetical drinking scenario (targeted .08% BAC); response to other physiological and perceptual challenges (e.g., CO2 challenge, spinning challenge); and indices of cognitive impairment implicated as risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorders. Study 2 examined each of these domains in relation to transitions in heavy drinking from high school to college to determine whether they were associated with changes in relative risk during this developmental period. Overall, the results provide support for the utility of examining individual differences in subjective response to alcohol based on a hypothetical drinking scenario. The evidence suggests that experienced drinkers are capable of reliably and accurately estimating their subjective response to alcohol, that these anticipated effects are distinct from general beliefs about the effects of alcohol on behavior (i.e., alcohol expectancies), and that they are associated with patterns of drinking in emerging adults. There was little evidence to suggest that individual differences in subjective response to alcohol were associated with subjective response to other physiological or perceptual challenges, or patterns of cognitive impairment previously shown to be related to an increased risk for alcohol dependence. The results of the current study support the utility of using measures of anticipated subjective response as a proxy for individual differences in subjective response to alcohol when the administration of alcohol is either not appropriate or feasible.

Individual Differences in Subjective Response to Alcohol

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Individual Differences in Subjective Response to Alcohol by : Stephen Boyd

Download or read book Individual Differences in Subjective Response to Alcohol written by Stephen Boyd and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variability in subjective response to alcohol has been shown to predict drinking behavior as well as the development of alcohol use disorders. The current study examined the extent to which individual differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics impact subjective response and drinking behavior during a single session alcohol administration paradigm. Participants (N = 98) completed measures of subjective response at two time points following alcohol consumption. Pharmacokinetic properties (rate of absorption and metabolism) were inferred using multiple BAC readings to calculate the area under the curve during the ascending limb for absorption and descending limb for metabolism. Following the completion of the subjective response measures, an ad-libitum taste rating task was implemented in which participants were permitted to consume additional alcoholic beverages. The amount consumed during the taste rating task served as the primary outcome variable. Results of the study indicated that participants who metabolized alcohol more quickly maintained a greater level of subjective stimulation as blood alcohol levels declined and reported greater reductions in subjective sedation. Although metabolism did not have a direct influence on within session alcohol consumption, a faster metabolism did relate to increased ad-libitum consumption indirectly through greater acute tolerance to sedative effects and greater maintenance of stimulant effects. Rate of absorption did not significantly predict subjective response or within session drinking. The results of the study add clarity to theories of subjective response to alcohol, and suggest that those at highest risk for alcohol problems experience a more rapid reduction in sedation following alcohol consumption while simultaneously experiencing heightened levels of stimulation. Variability in pharmacokinetics, namely how quickly one metabolizes alcohol, may be an identifiable biomarker of subjective response and may be used to infer risk for alcohol problems.

Individual Differences in Alcohol Sensitivity and Their Effects on Subjective State and Craving in Naturalistic Environments

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Individual Differences in Alcohol Sensitivity and Their Effects on Subjective State and Craving in Naturalistic Environments by : Constantine Trela

Download or read book Individual Differences in Alcohol Sensitivity and Their Effects on Subjective State and Craving in Naturalistic Environments written by Constantine Trela and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensitivity to the effects of alcohol has long been studied as a risk factor for developing an alcohol use disorder. Several theories exist regarding the profile of subjective responses that constitute the highest risk: Two of the most prominent are the Low Level of Response and Differentiator Models. A newer model focused on craving for alcohol, the Dual Process Model, suggests that craving may be correlated to the risky patterns of response predicted by the Low Level of Response and Differentiator Models. Relatively little research up to this point has focused on whether the responses predicted by these models generalize beyond the laboratory. The present study focuses on how individual differences in response to alcohol during the course of naturalistic drinking episodes map onto those laboratory-based theories. Participants from Project Six of the Midwest Alcoholism Research Center recorded their responses to alcohol and when randomly prompted by an electronic diary for 21 days. Three sets of analyses were conducted: examining responses following the first drink of an episode relative to a random prompt, as well as while estimated blood alcohol content was ascending and descending. The Low Level of Response Model enjoyed the highest degree of support in the data. The observed pattern of craving responses did not clearly match either the Low Level of Response or Differentiator Models

Alcohol Expectancies Versus Subjective Response as Mediators of Disposition in the Acquired Preparedness Model

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Alcohol Expectancies Versus Subjective Response as Mediators of Disposition in the Acquired Preparedness Model by : Caitlin Scott

Download or read book Alcohol Expectancies Versus Subjective Response as Mediators of Disposition in the Acquired Preparedness Model written by Caitlin Scott and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Levels of heavy episodic drinking peak during emerging adulthood and contribute to the experience of negative consequences. Previous research has identified a number of trait-like personality characteristics that are associated with drinking. Studies of the Acquired Preparedness Model have supported positive expectancies, and to a lesser extent negative expectancies, as mediators of the relation between trait-like characteristics and alcohol outcomes. However, expectancies measured via self-report may reflect differences in learned expectancies in spite of similar alcohol-related responses, or they may reflect true individual differences in subjective responses to alcohol. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by assessing the relative roles of expectancies and subjective response as mediators within the APM in a sample of 236 emerging adults (74.7% male) participating in a placebo-controlled alcohol challenge study. The study tested four mediation models collapsed across beverage condition as well as eight separate mediation models with four models (2 beverage by 2 expectancy/subjective response) for each outcome (alcohol use and alcohol-related problems). Consistent with previous studies, SS was positively associated with alcohol outcomes in models collapsed across beverage condition. SS was also associated with positive subjective response in collapsed models and in the alcohol models. The hypothesized negative relation between SS and sedation was not significant. In contrast to previous studies, neither stimulation nor sedation predicted either weekly drinking or alcohol-related problems. While stimulation and alcohol use appeared to have a positive and significant association, this relation did not hold when controlling for SS, suggesting that SS and stimulation account for shared variability in drinking behavior. Failure to find this association in the placebo group suggests that, while explicit positive expectancies are related to alcohol use after controlling for levels of sensation seeking, implicit expectancies (at least as assessed by a placebo manipulation) are not. That the relation between SS and stimulation held only in the alcohol condition in analyses separate by beverage condition indicates that sensation seeking is a significant predictor of positive subjective response to alcohol (stimulation), potentially above and beyond expectancies.

Correlations Between Temperament and Subjective Response to Alcohol

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (532 download)

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Book Synopsis Correlations Between Temperament and Subjective Response to Alcohol by : Sara Valentino

Download or read book Correlations Between Temperament and Subjective Response to Alcohol written by Sara Valentino and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Individual Differences in the Subjective, Performance and Cognitive Effects of Ethanol

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (447 download)

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Book Synopsis Individual Differences in the Subjective, Performance and Cognitive Effects of Ethanol by : Louis Holdstock

Download or read book Individual Differences in the Subjective, Performance and Cognitive Effects of Ethanol written by Louis Holdstock and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642287204
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction by : Wolfgang Sommer

Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction written by Wolfgang Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-28 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question how alcohol alters mood states and why this may end up becoming an addiction is puzzling alcohol researchers since decades. In this volume, an assembly of highly distinguished experts and leaders in alcohol addiction research provides lucid presentations of the current knowledge and research challenges as well as interesting viewpoints on future research directions aimed to stimulate communication and convergence between clinical and preclinical researchers, and to renew interest in the vibrant field of alcohol addiction research among a wide scientifically minded audience. Five Current Topics are discussed in this volume: Neurobiological mechanisms of alcoholism, Genetics, Clinical phenotypes and their preclinical models, Brain imaging, and Translational approaches for treatment development, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. These areas have in our opinion brought alcohol research substantially forward and influenced our thinking about how to reach our common paramount goal, namely to offer effective treatment solutions for an extensive group of patients with largely unmet medical needs.

Alcohol Use Disorders

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190676019
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Alcohol Use Disorders by : Hiram E. Fitzgerald

Download or read book Alcohol Use Disorders written by Hiram E. Fitzgerald and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol Use Disorders takes a life-span/developmental approach to understanding the etiologic processes that heighten risk or resilience factors for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Contemporary understanding benefits from thirty years of longitudinal studies that were specifically designed to assess pre-onset origins, predictors of onset, and outcomes through early adulthood. The overriding theme of the volume is that the origins and expression of AUD are best understood within the context of developmental processes and dynamic systems organization and change. Such dynamic systems give rise to diverse pathways that are characterized by multi-finality and equi-finality due to the exchanges among genes, epigenetic processes, and the complexities of the individual organism's experiential world. For some individuals, these dynamic processes lead to risk cumulative or cascade effects that embody adverse childhood experiences that exacerbate risk, predict early onset drinking (or smoking), and are highly likely to lead to AUD during the transitions to adolescence and emerging adulthood. In other cases, protective factors within or outside of the individual's immediate family enable embodiment of normative stress regulatory systems and neural networks that support resilience and prevention of AUD and other addictive behaviors.

The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199328714
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology by : David H. Barlow

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology written by David H. Barlow and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology synthesizes a half-century of clinical psychology literature in one extraordinary volume. Comprising chapters from the foremost scholars in the field, this handbook provides even and authoritative coverage of the research, practice, and policy factors that combine to form today's clinical psychology landscape. It is a landmark publication that is sure to serve as the field's benchmark reference publication for years to come.

Alcoholism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition

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Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 146490216X
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis Alcoholism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Alcoholism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcoholism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Alcoholism. The editors have built Alcoholism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Alcoholism in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Alcoholism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition

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Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1490110992
Total Pages : 1439 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Gambling Research. The editors have built Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Gambling Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Genetic Influences on Addiction

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262019698
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Influences on Addiction by : James MacKillop

Download or read book Genetic Influences on Addiction written by James MacKillop and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of research examining intermediary mechanisms to understand the link between genetic variation and addiction liability. Although there is scientific consensus that genetic factors play a substantial role in an individual's vulnerability to drug or alcohol addiction, specific genetic variables linked to risk or resilience remain elusive. Understanding how genetic factors contribute to addiction may require focusing on intermediary mechanisms, or intermediate phenotypes, that connect genetic variation and risk for addiction. This book offers a comprehensive review of this mechanistic-centered approach and the most promising intermediate phenotypes identified in empirical research. The contributors first consider the most established findings in the field, including variability in drug metabolism, brain electrophysiological profiles, and subjective reactions to direct drug effects; they go on to review highly promising areas such as expectancies, attentional processing, and behavioral economic variables; and finally, they investigate more exploratory approaches, including the differential susceptibility hypothesis and epigenetic modifications. Taken together, the chapters offer a macro-level testing of the hypothesis that these alternative, mechanistic phenotypes can advance the understanding of genetic influences on addiction. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in a range of disciplines, including behavioral genetics, psychology, pharmacology, neuroscience, and sociology. Contributors John Acker, Steven R.H. Beach, Gene H. Brody, Angela D. Bryan, Megan J. Chenoweth, Danielle M. Dick, Eske D. Derks, Mary-Anne Enoch, Meg Gerrard, Frederick X. Gibbons, Thomas E. Gladwin, Mark S. Goldman, Marcus Heilig, Kent E. Hutchison, Hollis C. Karoly, Steven M. Kogan, Man Kit Lei, Susan Luczak, James MacKillop, Renee E. Magnan, Leah M. Mayo, Marcus R. Munafò, Daria Orlowska, Abraham A. Palmer, Danielle Pandika, Clarissa C. Parker, Robert A. Philibert, Lara A. Ray, Richard R. Reich, Ronald L. Simons, Courtney J. Stevens, Rachel E. Thayer, Rachel F. Tyndale, Tamara L. Wall, Reinout W. Wiers, Michael Windle, Harriet de Wit

Issues in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychophysiology: 2013 Edition

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Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1490107770
Total Pages : 839 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychophysiology: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychophysiology: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychophysiology: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Neuropsychology. The editors have built Issues in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychophysiology: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Neuropsychology in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychophysiology: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Sex Differences

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136874941
Total Pages : 991 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Sex Differences by : Lee Ellis

Download or read book Sex Differences written by Lee Ellis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first to aim at summarizing all of the scientific literature published so far regarding male-female differences and similarities, not only in behavior, but also in basic biology, physiology, health, perceptions, emotions, and attitudes. Results from over 18,000 studies have been condensed into more than 1,900 tables, with each table pertaining to a specific possible sex difference. Even research pertaining to how men and women are perceived (stereotyped) as being different is covered. Throughout this book's eleven years in preparation, no exclusions were made in terms of subject areas, cultures, time periods, or even species. The book is accompanied by downloadable resources containing all 18,000+ references cited in the book. Sex Differences is a monumental resource for any researcher, student, or professional who requires an assessment of the weight of evidence that currently exists regarding any sex difference of interest. It is also suitable as a text in graduate courses pertaining to gender or human sexuality.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs by :

Download or read book Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

New Research on Alcoholism

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Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600212451
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis New Research on Alcoholism by : Douglas R. Baye

Download or read book New Research on Alcoholism written by Douglas R. Baye and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcoholism is a disorder characterised by the excessive consumption of and dependence on alcoholic beverages, leading to physical and psychological harm and impaired social and vocational functioning. This book gathers new and important research on this socially and medically destructive disorder. These include addiction issues, forms of treatment, behavioural and clinical studies.

NIDA Research Monograph

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.M/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis NIDA Research Monograph by :

Download or read book NIDA Research Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: