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Incomplete Appropriability Of R D And The Role Of Strategies And Cultural Factors In International Trade
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Book Synopsis Incomplete Appropriability of R & D and the Role of Strategies and Cultural Factors in International Trade by : Ryuzo Sato
Download or read book Incomplete Appropriability of R & D and the Role of Strategies and Cultural Factors in International Trade written by Ryuzo Sato and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the proudest achievements of classical and neoclassical economics is the derivation of the superiority of free trade. This result is obtained by assuming constant returns to scale, perfect competition and absence of externalities. The recent realization that the incomplete appropriability of R & D is a main source of externalities and hence the effect of R & D on national welfare is potentially subject to strategic manipulations necessitates a careful examination of these assumptions. This paper discusses R & D and diffusion of technology in international trade from two different perspectives. In Section II, we consider the role of cultural, social and historical factors in the appropriation of technology by reviewing how Japan has appropriated foreign technology. In Section III, we survey three strategic trade models to obtain some insights into the role of R & D and diffusion of technology in the context of imperfect competition. The issues we discuss include the effectiveness of R & D polices by a national government and the impact of R & D policies and diffusion of technology on the incentive to do R & D and on the outcome of trade.
Book Synopsis Incomplete apprpriability of R&D and the role of strategies and cultural factors in international trade by : Ryuzo Sato
Download or read book Incomplete apprpriability of R&D and the role of strategies and cultural factors in international trade written by Ryuzo Sato and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Competition in Economic Transition by : Christopher Saunders
Download or read book The Role of Competition in Economic Transition written by Christopher Saunders and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993-09-15 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reports the proceedings of a conference of highly qualified practitioners and theorists from East and West, dealing with competition and the important part it plays as an essential element of the market economic system. So far, in the countries of Central and East Europe and of the former USSR, privatisation of state enterprises has failed to bring about a more responsive, more competitive behaviour of these firms. It is recognised that various elements of competition - privatisation, breaking down of monopolies, trade liberalisation, strengthening of small- and medium-sized competitors; and institutional requirements - should be implemented simultaneously.
Book Synopsis Risk-sharing, Altruism, and the Factor Structure of Consumption by : Fumio Hayashi
Download or read book Risk-sharing, Altruism, and the Factor Structure of Consumption written by Fumio Hayashi and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider four models of consumption that differ with respect to efficient risk-sharing and altruism. They range from complete markets with altruism to family risk-sharing. We use a matched sample of parents and independent children available from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to discriminate between the four models. Our testing procedure is designed to deal with the set of observed independent children being endogenously selected. The combined hypothesis of complete markets and altruism can be decisively rejected, while we fail to reject altruism and hence family risk-sharing for a subset of families.
Book Synopsis Contents of Recent Economics Journals by :
Download or read book Contents of Recent Economics Journals written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-12-20 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Intellectual Property. Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book The Economics of Intellectual Property. Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series of papers in this publication were commissioned from renowned international economists from all regions. They review the existing empirical literature on six selected themes relating to the economics of intellectual property, identify the key research questions, point out research gaps and explore possible avenues for future research.
Book Synopsis NBER Publications by : National Bureau of Economic Research
Download or read book NBER Publications written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade Adjustment Assistance and Pareto Gains from Trade by : Robert C. Feenstra
Download or read book Trade Adjustment Assistance and Pareto Gains from Trade written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a model where all factors of production are imperfectly mobile, we argue that the Dixit-Norman scheme of commodity taxes may not lead to strict Pareto gains from trade. Rather, this scheme must be augmented by policies which give factors an incentive to move: hence, the role for trade adjustment assistance (TAA). We demonstrate that by knowledge of the distribution of adjustment costs across individuals, the government can offer a single TAA subsidy to all individuals willing to move between industries, and maintain a non-negative budget. The TAA subsidy, combined with the Dixit-Norman pattern of commodity taxes, can lead to Pareto gains from trade under the conditions we identify.
Book Synopsis Crime Rates Versus Labor Market Conditions by : Tadashi Yamada
Download or read book Crime Rates Versus Labor Market Conditions written by Tadashi Yamada and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NBER Reporter by : National Bureau of Economic Research
Download or read book NBER Reporter written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Are Exchange Rate Expectations Biased? by : Menzie David Chinn
Download or read book Are Exchange Rate Expectations Biased? written by Menzie David Chinn and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Informativeness of Prices by : Roland Benabou
Download or read book The Informativeness of Prices written by Roland Benabou and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aggregate cost uncertainty, arising from real shocks or unanticipated inflation, reduces the informativeness of prices by scrambling relative and aggregate variations. But when agents can acquire additional information, such increased noise may in fact lead them to become better informed, and price competition will intensify. We examine these issues in a model of search with learning, where consumers search optimally from an unknown price distribution while firms price optimally given consumers' search rules. We show that the decisive factor in whether inflation variability increases or reduces the incentive to search, and thereby market efficiency, is the size of informational costs.
Book Synopsis Do Institutional Investors Destabilize Stock Prices? by : Josef Lakonishok
Download or read book Do Institutional Investors Destabilize Stock Prices? written by Josef Lakonishok and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references (p. 24)
Book Synopsis Changing Social Security Survivorship Benefits and the Poverty of Widows by : Michael D. Hurd
Download or read book Changing Social Security Survivorship Benefits and the Poverty of Widows written by Michael D. Hurd and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper considers the effect on widows' poverty of changes in Social Security survivorship benefits, by a reduction in couples' benefits so that total Social Security cost is unchanged. A twenty percent increase in survivorship benefits, for example, would reduce the 1989 poverty rate of widows aged 65 to 69 by about twenty-four percent, from 0.25 to 0.19. The poverty rate of couples would be increased by about thirty-three percent, from about 0.06 to about 0.08.
Book Synopsis Halting Inflation in Italy and France After World War II by : Alessandra Casella
Download or read book Halting Inflation in Italy and France After World War II written by Alessandra Casella and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of World War II, Italy and France experienced high inflation. The two countries enacted remarkably similar economic policy measures, but stabilization came at different times: for Italy at the end of 1947, for France a year later. Traditional explanations for the regained price stability cannot account for the difference in timing. In this paper, we use the international comparison to shed light on the nature of the inflationary process and on the cause of its decline. We conclude that inflation was symptomatic of an unresolved distributional conflict, and carne to an end when one political group, in both countries the Left, accepted its defeat. The Marshall plan helped to bring the stabilization about by reducing the costs to the group offering concessions. We argue that the French delay in stabilizing can be imputed to differences in the political climate and to the ambitious program of public investment.
Book Synopsis World Interest Rates and Investment by : Robert J. Barro
Download or read book World Interest Rates and Investment written by Robert J. Barro and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of integrated capital markets, the price of credit -- which I measure by short-term expected real interest rates -- is determined to equate the world aggregate of investment demand to the world aggregate of desired national saving. I implement this approach empirically by approximating the world by aggregates for ten major developed countries. For the period since 1959, the common component of expected real interest rates for these countries relates especially to developments on world stock and oil markets and secondarily, to world monetary and fiscal policies.
Book Synopsis Do Tax-exempt Bonds Really Subsidize Municipal Capital? by : Roger H. Gordon
Download or read book Do Tax-exempt Bonds Really Subsidize Municipal Capital? written by Roger H. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We argue that the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds provides little or no subsidy to capital investment by communities. Instead, the tax exemption simply provides arbitrage opportunities to high and low tax bracket individuals while leaving individuals in intermediate tax brackets essentially unaffected. We also argue that the revenue cost of the tax exemption is much less than traditionally thought due to the portfolio rebalancing that would occur if the tax exemption were eliminated. Finally, we note that the only way to prevent all municipal arbitrage possibilities would be to pass through municipal interest income and payments to residents for tax purposes.
