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Author : Sheng-Yi Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Income Distribution, Taxation and Social Benefits of Singapore written by Sheng-Yi Lee and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Adrian Webb
Publisher : London : Bell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Income Redistribution and the Welfare State written by Adrian Webb and published by London : Bell. This book was released on 1971 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UK. Study of the effect of the welfare state, social services and the allocation of social security benefits on trends in income redistribution (income distribution) - covers the importance of housing subsidies and the rate of taxation for low income family budgets, etc., and includes literature surveys and an evaluation of research methods and statistical methods used. References and statistical tables.
Author : Gabriela Inchauste
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464810923
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book The Distributional Impact of Taxes and Transfers written by Gabriela Inchauste and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
Author : Maura Francese
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 148438881X
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Universal Basic Income: Debate and Impact Assessment written by Maura Francese and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the definition and modelling of a universal basic income (UBI). After clarifying the debate about what a UBI is and presenting the arguments in favor and against, an analytical approach for its assessment is proposed. The adoption of a UBI as a policy tool is discussed with regard to the policy objectives (shaped by social preferences) it is designed to achieve. Key design dimensions to be considered include: coverage, generosity of the program, overall progressivity of the policy, and its financing.
Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher : New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Income Inequality and Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and published by New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with income distribution methods and their economic applications.
Author : Mr.David Coady
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547046
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Designing Fiscal Redistribution: The Role of Universal and Targeted Transfers written by Mr.David Coady and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing debate on the relative merits of universal and targeted social assistance transfers in achieving income redistribution objectives. While the benefits of targeting are clear, i.e., a larger poverty impact for a given transfer budget or lower fiscal cost for a given poverty impact, in practice targeting also comes with various costs, including incentive, administrative, social and political costs. The appropriate balance between targeted and universal transfers will therefore depend on how countries decide to trade-off these costs and benefits as well as on the potential for redistribution through taxes. This paper discusses the trade-offs that arise in different country contexts and the potential for strengthening fiscal redistribution in advanced and developing countries, including through expanding transfer coverage and progressive tax financing.
Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author : Brian Keeley
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN 13 : 9789264246003
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Income Inequality written by Brian Keeley and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Income inequality is rising. A quarter of a century ago, the average disposable income of the richest 10% in OECD countries was around seven times higher than that of the poorest 10%; today, it's around 9½ times higher. Why does this matter? Many fear this widening gap is hurting individuals, societies and even economies. This book explores income inequality across five main headings. It starts by explaining some key terms in the inequality debate. It then examines recent trends and explains why income inequality varies between countries. Next it looks at why income gaps are growing and, in particular, at the rise of the 1%. It then looks at the consequences, including research that suggests widening inequality could hurt economic growth. Finally, it examines policies for addressing inequality and making economies more inclusive.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Djeneba Doumbia
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513511866
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work? written by Djeneba Doumbia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a government reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level of expenditure fixed? Using newly assembled data on spending composition for 83 countries across all income groups, this paper shows that reallocating spending toward social protection and infrastructure is associated with reduced income inequality, particularly when it is financed through cuts in defense spending. However, the political and security situation matters. The analysis does not find evidence that lowering defense spending to finance infrastructure and social outlays improves income distribution in countries with weak institutions and at higher risk of conflict. Reallocating social protection and infrastructure spending towards other types of spending tends to increase income inequality. Accounting for the long-term impact of health spending, and particularly education spending, helps to better capture the equalizing effects of these expenditures. The paper includes a discussion of the implications of the findings for Indonesia, a major emerging market where income inequality is at the center of policy issues.
Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : OECD
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Society at a Glance 2005 written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD. This book was released on 2005-03-24 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains the OECD's biannual compendium of social indicators which seek to give a concise overview and assessment of social trends, policies and outcomes across OECD countries. It includes context indicators to illustrate national differences in social trends; and social status and response indicators categorised under four broad social policy areas of self-sufficiency, equity, health and social cohesion, covering a wide range of social policy issues including demography, family characteristics, employment, working mothers, unemployment benefits, educational attainment, poverty and income inequality, social spending, life expectancy, health care expenditure, social isolation, teenage births and drug use.
Author : Khaled Abdel-Kader
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
ISBN 13 : 9781513561561
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Tax Policy and Inclusive Growth written by Khaled Abdel-Kader and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the theory and practice of tax design to achieve an efficient and equitable outcome, i.e. in support of inclusive growth. It starts with a discussion of the key principles from tax theory to guide practical tax design. Then, it elaborates on more granular tax policy, discussing key choices in the structure of the personal income tax on labor and capital income, taxes on wealth, the corporate income tax, and consumption taxes. The paper concludes by highlighting the political economy considerations of the issues with concrete recommedtions as to how to implement tax reform.
Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513572660
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey written by Ms. Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Author : Baoping Shang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 151357339X
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications written by Baoping Shang and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households.
Author : Mr.Antonio David
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484323335
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Inclusive Growth and the Incidence of Fiscal Policy in Mauritius written by Mr.Antonio David and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-17 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from three household surveys, we review whether growth in Mauritius was inclusive and discuss the incidence of public expenditures and taxes. Generally, Mauritius enjoys an even income distribution and low rates of poverty. Nevertheless, over the 2000s, despite overall progress, the benefits of growth appear to have become more skewed. Employment income is the main contributor to inequality in Mauritius. Social protection expenditures reduce poverty and inequality, but could be better targeted, particularly for pensions. Income taxes are progressive, though given their small relative weight they have a negligible impact on income distribution. The VAT appears relatively progressive compared to other developing countries, although its impact on the overall distribution is also small. With better targeting of the sizable social spending, significant further progress in poverty alleviation could be achieved.
Author : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451849842
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty? written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-05-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper demonstrates that high and rising corruption increases income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth, the progressivity of the tax system, the level and effectiveness of social spending, and the formation of human capital, and by perpetuating an unequal distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education. These findings hold for countries with different growth experiences, at different stages of development, and using various indices of corruption. An important implication of these results is that policies that reduce corruption will also lower income inequality and poverty.
Author : Jinjun Xue
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814401714
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Growth With Inequality: An International Comparison On Income Distribution written by Jinjun Xue and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-07-13 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the era of globalization and liberalization, the world is enjoying high growth as well as suffering from the ill-effects of unequal distribution of its economic outcomes. The activities of anti-government demonstrations in China and across the world via the Occupy Wall Street Movement highlight that inequality has become an international phenomenon. It is apparent in both poor countries under authoritarianism and rich countries governed by a democratic regime. Thus, inequality has become not only a hurdle to development but also a threat to social and political stability. The spread of the Jasmine Revolution across parts of North Africa and the Arab Spring are illustrative of what can happen under certain circumstances.This book confirms the inconsistencies between high growth and increasing inequality via a series of case studies across 11 countries, numerous regions, and OECD members. Many of the case studies draw upon original household surveys. Our findings indicate the seriousness of income inequality, explore factors that have caused the inequality and analyze their economic and social consequences.The book raises, and deals with, three key questions: (1) Can high growth reduce inequality gradually? (2) Can government intervention be effective in equalizing income distribution? (3) Is the income disparity an engine for, or an obstacle of, high growth?
