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Author : Paolo Massobrio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788854821293
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (212 download)
Download or read book In Vitro Neuronal Networks. Computational Models and Synaptic Plasticity Studies written by Paolo Massobrio and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arjen van Ooyen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128038721
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book The Rewiring Brain written by Arjen van Ooyen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adult brain is not as hard-wired as traditionally thought. By modifying their small- or large-scale morphology, neurons can make new synaptic connections or break existing ones (structural plasticity). Structural changes accompany memory formation and learning, and are induced by neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and brain injury such as stroke. Exploring the role of structural plasticity in the brain can be greatly assisted by mathematical and computational models, as they enable us to bridge the gap between system-level dynamics and lower level cellular and molecular processes. However, most traditional neural network models have fixed neuronal morphologies and a static connectivity pattern, with plasticity merely arising from changes in the strength of existing synapses (synaptic plasticity). In The Rewiring Brain, the editors bring together for the first time contemporary modeling studies that investigate the implications of structural plasticity for brain function and pathology. Starting with an experimental background on structural plasticity in the adult brain, the book covers computational studies on homeostatic structural plasticity, the impact of structural plasticity on cognition and cortical connectivity, the interaction between synaptic and structural plasticity, neurogenesis-related structural plasticity, and structural plasticity in neurological disorders. Structural plasticity adds a whole new dimension to brain plasticity, and The Rewiring Brain shows how computational approaches may help to gain a better understanding of the full adaptive potential of the adult brain. The book is written for both computational and experimental neuroscientists. Reviews the current state of knowledge of structural plasticity in the adult brain Gives a comprehensive overview of computational studies on structural plasticity Provides insights into the potential driving forces of structural plasticity and the functional implications of structural plasticity for learning and memory Serves as inspiration for developing novel treatment strategies for stimulating functional repair after brain damage
Author : Michela Chiappalone
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030111350
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book In Vitro Neuronal Networks written by Michela Chiappalone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the incredible advances achieved in the study of in vitro neuronal networks for use in basic and applied research. These cultures of dissociated neurons offer a perfect trade-off between complex experimental models and theoretical modeling approaches giving new opportunities for experimental design but also providing new challenges in data management and interpretation. Topics include culturing methodologies, neuroengineering techniques, stem cell derived neuronal networks, techniques for measuring network activity, and recent improvements in large-scale data analysis. The book ends with a series of case studies examining potential applications of these technologies.
Author : Markus Butz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889450651
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Anatomy and Plasticity in Large-Scale Brain Models written by Markus Butz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercomputing facilities are becoming increasingly available for simulating activity dynamics in large-scale neuronal networks. On today's most advanced supercomputers, networks with up to a billion of neurons can be readily simulated. However, building biologically realistic, full-scale brain models requires more than just a huge number of neurons. In addition to network size, the detailed local and global anatomy of neuronal connections is of crucial importance. Moreover, anatomical connectivity is not fixed, but can rewire throughout life (structural plasticity)—an aspect that is missing in most current network models, in which plasticity is confined to changes in synaptic strength (synaptic plasticity). The papers in this Ebook, which may broadly be divided into three themes, aim to bring together high-performance computing with recent experimental and computational research in neuroanatomy. In the first theme (fiber connectivity), new methods are described for measuring and data-basing microscopic and macroscopic connectivity. In the second theme (structural plasticity), novel models are introduced that incorporate morphological plasticity and rewiring of anatomical connections. In the third theme (large-scale simulations), simulations of large-scale neuronal networks are presented with an emphasis on anatomical detail and plasticity mechanisms. Together, the articles in this Ebook make the reader aware of the methods and models by which large-scale brain networks running on supercomputers can be extended to include anatomical detail and plasticity.
Author : Jannik Luboeinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Role of Synaptic Tagging and Capture for Memory Dynamics in Spiking Neural Networks written by Jannik Luboeinski and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory serves to process and store information about experiences such that this information can be used in future situations. The transfer from transient storage into long-term memory, which retains information for hours, days, and even years, is called consolidation. In brains, information is primarily stored via alteration of synapses, so-called synaptic plasticity. While these changes are at first in a transient early phase, they can be transferred to a late phase, meaning that they become stabilized over the course of several hours. This stabilization has been explained by so-called synaptic tagging and capture (STC) mechanisms. To store and recall memory representations, emergent dynamics arise from the synaptic structure of recurrent networks of neurons. This happens through so-called cell assemblies, which feature particularly strong synapses. It has been proposed that the stabilization of such cell assemblies by STC corresponds to so-called synaptic consolidation, which is observed in humans and other animals in the first hours after acquiring a new memory. The exact connection between the physiological mechanisms of STC and memory consolidation remains, however, unclear. It is equally unknown which influence STC mechanisms exert on further cognitive functions that guide behavior. On timescales of minutes to hours (that means, the timescales of STC) such functions include memory improvement, modification of memories, interference and enhancement of similar memories, and transient priming of certain memories. Thus, diverse memory dynamics may be linked to STC, which can be investigated by employing theoretical methods based on experimental data from the neuronal and the behavioral level. In this thesis, we present a theoretical model of STC-based memory consolidation in recurrent networks of spiking neurons, which are particularly suited to reproduce biologically realistic dynamics. Furthermore, we combine the STC mechanisms with calcium dynamics, which have been found to guide the major processes of early-phase synaptic plasticity in vivo. In three included research articles as well as additional sections, we develop this model and investigate how it can account for a variety of behavioral effects. We find that the model enables the robust implementation of the cognitive memory functions mentioned above. The main steps to this are: 1. demonstrating the formation, consolidation, and improvement of memories represented by cell assemblies, 2. showing that neuromodulator-dependent STC can retroactively control whether information is stored in a temporal or rate-based neural code, and 3. examining interaction of multiple cell assemblies with transient and attractor dynamics in different organizational paradigms. In summary, we demonstrate several ways by which STC controls the late-phase synaptic structure of cell assemblies. Linking these structures to functional dynamics, we show that our STC-based model implements functionality that can be related to long-term memory. Thereby, we provide a basis for the mechanistic explanation of various neuropsychological effects. Keywords: synaptic plasticity; synaptic tagging and capture; spiking recurrent neural networks; memory consolidation; long-term memory
Author : Lisa Blum Moyse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Computational Neuroscience Models at Different Levels of Abstraction for Synaptic Plasticity, Astrocyte Modulation of Synchronization and Systems Memory Consolidation written by Lisa Blum Moyse and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, theoretical models with increasing levels of abstraction are developed to address questions arising from neuroscience experiments. They are studied using numerical and analytical approaches. With Laurent Venance's laboratory (Paris), we have developed an ITDP (input-timing-dependent plasticity) protocol model for the plasticity of cortico- and thalamo-striatal synapses. The model has been calibrated with ex vivo data and will be used to determine the presence of synaptic plasticity in vivo, in behavioral experiments aimed at determining the role of cortical and thalamic inputs in motor learning. At the level of neuronal populations, I have studied the modulation of neuronal collective behaviors by astrocytes, in particular Up-Down synchronization, a spontaneous alternation between periods of high collective activity and periods of silence. I have proposed rate and spiking neural network models of interconnected populations of neurons and astrocytes. They offer explanations of how astrocytes induce Up-Down transitions. Astrocytes are also probably involved in the generation of epileptic seizures, during which neuronal synchronization is impaired. Based on the above models, I have developed a neuron-astrocyte network with a cluster connectivity, showing the transition between Up-Down dynamics and events of very high activity mimicking an epileptic seizure. Finally, at the level of the brain itself, I studied the standard theory of consolidation, according to which short-term memory in the hippocampus enables the consolidation of long-term memory in the neocortex. I have sought to explain this phenomenon by integrating biological hypotheses - the size of the neocortex explaining the slowness of learning, and neurogenesis in the hippocampus explaining the erasure of its memory - into a model of interconnected neural fields that well reproduces the main features of the theory.
Author : Ivan Soltesz
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080559530
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Computational Neuroscience in Epilepsy written by Ivan Soltesz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects millions of patients worldwide and arises from the concurrent action of multiple pathophysiological processes. The power of mathematical analysis and computational modeling is increasingly utilized in basic and clinical epilepsy research to better understand the relative importance of the multi-faceted, seizure-related changes taking place in the brain during an epileptic seizure. This groundbreaking book is designed to synthesize the current ideas and future directions of the emerging discipline of computational epilepsy research. Chapters address relevant basic questions (e.g., neuronal gain control) as well as long-standing, critically important clinical challenges (e.g., seizure prediction). Computational Neuroscience in Epilepsy should be of high interest to a wide range of readers, including undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and faculty working in the fields of basic or clinical neuroscience, epilepsy research, computational modeling and bioengineering. - Covers a wide range of topics from molecular to seizure predictions and brain implants to control seizures - Contributors are top experts at the forefront of computational epilepsy research - Chapter contents are highly relevant to both basic and clinical epilepsy researchers
Author : Arthur Rudolf Houweling
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Network Dynamics in Computer Models of Neocortex with Synaptic Plasticity written by Arthur Rudolf Houweling and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Carl Faingold
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124158641
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)
Download or read book Neuronal Networks in Brain Function, CNS Disorders, and Therapeutics written by Carl Faingold and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-26 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal Networks in Brain Function, CNS Disorders, and Therapeutics, edited by two leaders in the field, offers a current and complete review of what we know about neural networks. How the brain accomplishes many of its more complex tasks can only be understood via study of neuronal network control and network interactions. Large networks can undergo major functional changes, resulting in substantially different brain function and affecting everything from learning to the potential for epilepsy. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, this book advances the understanding of: - How the brain carries out important tasks via networks - How these networks interact in normal brain function - Major mechanisms that control network function - The interaction of the normal networks to produce more complex behaviors - How brain disorders can result from abnormal interactions - How therapy of disorders can be advanced through this network approach This book will benefit neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in networks, as well as clinicians in neuroscience, pharmacology, and psychiatry dealing with neurobiological disorders. - Utilizes perspectives and tools from various neuroscience subdisciplines (cellular, systems, physiologic), making the volume broadly relevant - Chapters explore normal network function and control mechanisms, with an eye to improving therapies for brain disorders - Reflects predominant disciplinary shift from an anatomical to a functional perspective of the brain - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available
Author : Don Kulasiri
Publisher : #N/A
ISBN 13 : 1786343398
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Computational Systems Biology Of Synaptic Plasticity: Modelling Of Biochemical Pathways Related To Memory Formation And Impairement written by Don Kulasiri and published by #N/A. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the power of mathematical thinking in understanding the biological complexity that exists within the brain. It looks at the latest research on modelling of biochemical pathways within synapses, and provides a clear background for the study of mathematical models related to systems biology. Discussion then focusses on developments in computational models based on networks linked to synaptic plasticity. The models are used to understand memory formation and impairment and they provide a mathematical basis for memory research.Computational Systems Biology of Synaptic Plasticity is a valuable source of knowledge to postgraduate students and researchers in computational systems biology, and as a reference book for various techniques that are needed in modelling biological processes.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)
Download or read book Anatomy and Plasticity in Large-Scale Brain Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercomputing facilities are becoming increasingly available for simulating activity dynamics in large-scale neuronal networks. On today's most advanced supercomputers, networks with up to a billion of neurons can be readily simulated. However, building biologically realistic, full-scale brain models requires more than just a huge number of neurons. In addition to network size, the detailed local and global anatomy of neuronal connections is of crucial importance. Moreover, anatomical connectivity is not fixed, but can rewire throughout life (structural plasticity)--an aspect that is missing in most current network models, in which plasticity is confined to changes in synaptic strength (synaptic plasticity). The papers in this Ebook, which may broadly be divided into three themes, aim to bring together high-performance computing with recent experimental and computational research in neuroanatomy. In the first theme (fiber connectivity), new methods are described for measuring and data-basing microscopic and macroscopic connectivity. In the second theme (structural plasticity), novel models are introduced that incorporate morphological plasticity and rewiring of anatomical connections. In the third theme (large-scale simulations), simulations of large-scale neuronal networks are presented with an emphasis on anatomical detail and plasticity mechanisms. Together, the articles in this Ebook make the reader aware of the methods and models by which large-scale brain networks running on supercomputers can be extended to include anatomical detail and plasticity.Supercomputing facilities are becoming increasingly available for simulating activity dynamics in large-scale neuronal networks. On today's most advanced supercomputers, networks with up to a billion of neurons can be readily simulated. However, building biologically realistic, full-scale brain models requires more than just a huge number of neurons. In addition to network size, the detailed local and global anatomy of neuronal connections is of crucial importance. Moreover, anatomical connectivity is not fixed, but can rewire throughout life (structural plasticity)--an aspect that is missing in most current network models, in which plasticity is confined to changes in synaptic strength (synaptic plasticity). The papers in this Ebook, which may broadly be divided into three themes, aim to bring together high-performance computing with recent experimental and computational research in neuroanatomy. In the first theme (fiber connectivity), new methods are described for measuring and data-basing microscopic and macroscopic connectivity. In the second theme (structural plasticity), novel models are introduced that incorporate morphological plasticity and rewiring of anatomical connections. In the third theme (large-scale simulations), simulations of large-scale neuronal networks are presented with an emphasis on anatomical detail and plasticity mechanisms. Together, the articles in this Ebook make the reader aware of the methods and models by which large-scale brain networks running on supercomputers can be extended to include anatomical detail and plasticity.
Author : John H. Byrne
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 148321687X
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Neural Models of Plasticity written by John H. Byrne and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Models of Plasticity: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches is an outgrowth of a conference that was held at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in the spring of 1987. The purpose of that conference was to review recent developments in both areas and to foster communication between those researchers pursuing theoretical approaches and those pursuing more empirical approaches. Contributions have been solicited from individuals who represent both ends of the spectrum of approaches as well as those using a combination of the two. These indicate that our knowledge of the plastic capabilities of the nervous system is accelerating rapidly due to rapid advances in the understanding of basic subcellular and molecular mechanisms of plasticity, and because of the computational capabilities and plastic properties that emerge from neural networks and assemblies. The book contains 19 chapters and opens with a study on the role of the neuromodulator in associative learning of the marine mollusk Hermissend. Subsequent chapters examine topics such as learning and memory in Aplysia; the Hebb rule for synaptic plasticity; olfactory processing and associative memory in the mollusk Limax maximus; simulation of a classically conditioned response; and the neural substrates of memory, focusing on the role of the hippocampus.
Author : Vassilis Cutsuridis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441909966
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Hippocampal Microcircuits written by Vassilis Cutsuridis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rich in detail, Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler’s Resource Book provides succinct and focused reviews of experimental results. It is an unparalleled resource of data and methodology that will be invaluable to anyone wishing to develop computational models of the microcircuits of the hippocampus. The editors have divided the material into two thematic areas. Covering the subject’s experimental background, leading neuroscientists discuss the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of the various cell types found in the hippocampus. Here, ensemble activity, related to behavior, on the part of morphologically identified neurons in anesthetized and freely moving animals, lead to insights into the functions of hippocampal areas. In the second section, on computational analysis, computational neuroscientists present models of hippocampal microcircuits at various levels of detail, including single-cell and network levels. A full chapter is devoted to the single-neuron and network simulation environments currently used by computational neuroscientists in developing their models. In addition to the above, the chapters also identify outstanding questions and areas in need of further clarification that will guide future research by computational neuroscientists.
Author : Don Kulasiri
Publisher : Wspc (Europe)
ISBN 13 : 9781786343376
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (433 download)
Download or read book Computational Systems Biology of Synaptic Plasticity written by Don Kulasiri and published by Wspc (Europe). This book was released on 2017 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the power of mathematical thinking in understanding the biological complexity that exists within the brain. It looks at the latest research on modelling of biochemical pathways within synapses, and provides a clear background for the study of mathematical models related to systems biology. Discussion then focusses on developments in computational models based on networks linked to synaptic plasticity. The models are used to understand memory formation and impairment and they provide a mathematical basis for memory research. Computational Systems Biology of Synaptic Plasticity is a valuable source of knowledge to postgraduate students and researchers in computational systems biology, and as a reference book for various techniques that are needed in modelling biological processes.
Author : Cristina Savin
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889197883
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Emergent neural computation from the interaction of different forms of plasticity written by Cristina Savin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the propagation of neural activity through synapses, to the integration of signals in the dendritic arbor, and the processes determining action potential generation, virtually all aspects of neural processing are plastic. This plasticity underlies the remarkable versatility and robustness of cortical circuits: it enables the brain to learn regularities in its sensory inputs, to remember the past, and to recover function after injury. While much of the research into learning and memory has focused on forms of Hebbian plasticity at excitatory synapses (LTD/LTP, STDP), several other plasticity mechanisms have been characterized experimentally, including the plasticity of inhibitory circuits (Kullmann, 2012), synaptic scaling (Turrigiano, 2011) and intrinsic plasticity (Zhang and Linden, 2003). However, our current understanding of the computational roles of these plasticity mechanisms remains rudimentary at best. While traditionally they are assumed to serve a homeostatic purpose, counterbalancing the destabilizing effects of Hebbian learning, recent work suggests that they can have a profound impact on circuit function (Savin 2010, Vogels 2011, Keck 2012). Hence, theoretical investigation into the functional implications of these mechanisms may shed new light on the computational principles at work in neural circuits. This Research Topic of Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience aims to bring together recent advances in theoretical modeling of different plasticity mechanisms and of their contributions to circuit function. Topics of interest include the computational roles of plasticity of inhibitory circuitry, metaplasticity, synaptic scaling, intrinsic plasticity, plasticity within the dendritic arbor and in particular studies on the interplay between homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity, and their joint contribution to network function.
Author : Henry Markram
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190439
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Spike-timing dependent plasticity written by Henry Markram and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hebb's postulate provided a crucial framework to understand synaptic alterations underlying learning and memory. Hebb's theory proposed that neurons that fire together, also wire together, which provided the logical framework for the strengthening of synapses. Weakening of synapses was however addressed by "not being strengthened", and it was only later that the active decrease of synaptic strength was introduced through the discovery of long-term depression caused by low frequency stimulation of the presynaptic neuron. In 1994, it was found that the precise relative timing of pre and postynaptic spikes determined not only the magnitude, but also the direction of synaptic alterations when two neurons are active together. Neurons that fire together may therefore not necessarily wire together if the precise timing of the spikes involved are not tighly correlated. In the subsequent 15 years, Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) has been found in multiple brain brain regions and in many different species. The size and shape of the time windows in which positive and negative changes can be made vary for different brain regions, but the core principle of spike timing dependent changes remain. A large number of theoretical studies have also been conducted during this period that explore the computational function of this driving principle and STDP algorithms have become the main learning algorithm when modeling neural networks. This Research Topic will bring together all the key experimental and theoretical research on STDP.
Author : Sebastian Seung
Publisher : HMH
ISBN 13 : 0547508174
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (475 download)
Download or read book Connectome written by Sebastian Seung and published by HMH. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Accessible, witty . . . an important new researcher, philosopher and popularizer of brain science . . . on par with cosmology’s Brian Greene and the late Carl Sagan” (The Plain Dealer). One of the Wall Street Journal’s 10 Best Nonfiction Books of the Year and a Publishers Weekly “Top Ten in Science” Title Every person is unique, but science has struggled to pinpoint where, precisely, that uniqueness resides. Our genome may determine our eye color and even aspects of our character. But our friendships, failures, and passions also shape who we are. The question is: How? Sebastian Seung is at the forefront of a revolution in neuroscience. He believes that our identity lies not in our genes, but in the connections between our brain cells—our particular wiring. Seung and a dedicated group of researchers are leading the effort to map these connections, neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse. It’s a monumental effort, but if they succeed, they will uncover the basis of personality, identity, intelligence, memory, and perhaps disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Connectome is a mind-bending adventure story offering a daring scientific and technological vision for understanding what makes us who we are, as individuals and as a species. “This is complicated stuff, and it is a testament to Dr. Seung’s remarkable clarity of exposition that the reader is swept along with his enthusiasm, as he moves from the basics of neuroscience out to the farthest regions of the hypothetical, sketching out a spectacularly illustrated giant map of the universe of man.” —TheNew York Times “An elegant primer on what’s known about how the brain is organized and how it grows, wires its neurons, perceives its environment, modifies or repairs itself, and stores information. Seung is a clear, lively writer who chooses vivid examples.” —TheWashington Post
