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In Situ Regeneration Of Granular Activated Carbon Gac For Natural Organic Matter Nom Removal
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Book Synopsis In Situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal by : Rohiniben Patel
Download or read book In Situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal written by Rohiniben Patel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sequentially-loaded and regenerated granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied to determine the efficiency of regenerative materials to restore the adsorption capacity. GAC was loaded with the Bray pond water containing natural organic matter (NOM) using rapid small scale column test (RSSCT) column. The exhausted carbon was NOM was then regenerated with different regenerants, and regenerated carbon was again reloaded with Bray pond water. The regeneration process was done in situ. Eight regenerants were used for this purpose and they were compared based on their regeneration efficiency. The most effective regenerant observed was acetic acid"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Regeneration of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Loaded Granular Activated Carbon by : Jeff McEwen
Download or read book Electrochemical Regeneration of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Loaded Granular Activated Carbon written by Jeff McEwen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Operation of Granular Activated Carbon Contactors for Removal of Disinfection Byproducts Precursors by : Natalia Fischer
Download or read book Novel Operation of Granular Activated Carbon Contactors for Removal of Disinfection Byproducts Precursors written by Natalia Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Granular activated carbon (GAC) is effectively used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) and to assist in the removal of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and their precursors. However, operation of GAC is cost- and labor-intensive due to frequent media replacement. Optimizing the use of GAC is necessary to ensure treatment efficiency while reducing costs. This dissertation presents four strategies to reduce improve GAC usage while reducing formation of DBPs. The first part of this work adopts Rapid Small Scale Tests (RSSCTs) to evaluate removal of molecular weight fractions of NOM, characterized using size exclusion chromatography (SECDOC). Total trihalomethanes (TTHM), haloacetic acids (HAA5) and haloacetonitriles (HAN) formation were quantified after treatment with GAC. Low MW NOM was removed preferentially in the early bed volumes, up until exhaustion of available adsorption sites. DBP formation potential lowered with DOC removal. Chlorination prior to GAC is investigated in the second part of this work as a strategy to increase removal of NOM and DBP precursors. Results showed lower TTHM formation in the effluent of the GAC treatment when pre-chlorination was adopted, meaning this strategy could help optimize and extend the bed life if GAC filters. The third part of this work investigates in-situ GAC regeneration as an alternative to recover adsorption capacity of field-spent GAC that could potentially offer new modes of operation for water treatment facilities while savng costs with reactivation of spent GAC in an external facility. Field-spent GACs were treated with different oxidant solutions and recovery in adsorption capacity was evaluated for NOM and for two micro pollutants. Recovery of GAC adsorption capacity was not satisfactory for most of conditions evaluated. This indicates that in-situ GAC regeneration could be more effective when the adsorbates are present at high concentrations. Lastly, this work investigates the impact of low molecular weight polyDADMAC on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Water treatment facilities rely on polyDADMAC as a coagulant aid to comply with NOM removal and turbidity requirements. Since polymer-derived NDMA precursors are not removed by GAC, it is essential to optimize the use and synthesis of polyDADMAC to reduce NDMA precursors during water treatment.
Book Synopsis Control of Emerging Contaminants by Granular Activated Carbon and the Impact of Natural Organic Matter by : Juan Zhang
Download or read book Control of Emerging Contaminants by Granular Activated Carbon and the Impact of Natural Organic Matter written by Juan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Granulated Activated Carbon Using Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash for Drinking Water Treatment by : Afsoon Taghizadehgan
Download or read book Development of Granulated Activated Carbon Using Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash for Drinking Water Treatment written by Afsoon Taghizadehgan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural organic matters (NOM) interact with disinfectants and produce disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the best available technologies to remove NOM from water to reduce DBPs formation is adsorption with activated carbon. In this study, the removal of NOM from pond water was studied using powder activated carbon (PAC), and the granular activated carbon (GAC) generated from Corner Brook Pulp and Paper (CBPP) fly ash as raw material. PAC was used in batch tests and water pH, temperature, and volume was considered as variables to determine optimized conditions for NOM removal applying response surface method (RSM); it was concluded that water pH and volume have significant effects on NOM removal. CBPP was combined with bitumen as a binder to produce GAC. Effect of binder to carbon ratio, calcination and steam activation temperature, the temperature increasing rate, and steam activation time were studied to produce GAC with high BET surface area and efficient hardness. Granules with 30:70 binder to carbon ratio, calcinated at 750°C, activated at 950°C for 3 hours with 15°C/min of heating rate were found to be ideal for GAC production for NOM removal. Column tests for NOM removal were conducted using produced GAC. Results indicate that the produced GAC is effective for 60% NOM removal. Follow-up chlorination experiments illustrate that the formation of DBPs (THMs and HAAs) were significantly reduced. Used GAC was regenerated using RSM design at different regeneration temperature, time, and steam flow. The results show that regeneration at 916°C for 43 minutes under 350 mL/min of steam would lead to optimum regeneration conditions.
Book Synopsis Cost Estimates for Removal of Total Organic Carbon and Disinfection By-products Using Packed Tower Aeration and Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption by : James Helfrich
Download or read book Cost Estimates for Removal of Total Organic Carbon and Disinfection By-products Using Packed Tower Aeration and Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption written by James Helfrich and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides cost estimates of construction and operation for granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption of total organic carbon (TOC), and packed tower aeration (PTA) for air stripping of trihalomethanes (THMs). Costs were developed by employing software published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) through its Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD). Cost estimation for both methods required preliminary GAC and PTA designs based on data collected in the field and from earlier published sources, as well as modifications to the software used in this study. The resultant designs were focused on compliance with certain aspects of the Stage 2 Disinfection By-Product Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) for THM and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations in drinking water. Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) occurs when natural organic matter (NOM) found in water sources reacts with disinfectants, typically chlorine based, that are used for the inactivation of water-borne pathogens. DBPs included several groups of compounds that, when ingested, are known to be carcinogenic and have been linked to other serious health effects. Two principle locations were used in this study to represent a medium system (serving 10,000 to 99,999 people) and a large system (serving 100,000 or more people). Overall system cost estimates for GAC adsorption were between 24 and 41 cents per 1000 gallons with an apparent economy of scale existing for larger systems. Investigations into GAC reactivation suggest that off-site reactivation is more cost effective for small to medium systems while some type of on-site reactivation would be a more cost effective method for larger systems. Overall PTA system cost estimates were between 8 and 9.6 cents per 1000 gallons. Both methods are effective at THM control while GAC adsorption has the added ability to reduce non-volatile DBPs and naturally occurring material (NOM), as well as reducing taste and odor problems if present.
Book Synopsis Activated Carbon for Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Ferhan Cecen
Download or read book Activated Carbon for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Ferhan Cecen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations. After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot- and full-scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment. A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.
Book Synopsis Granular Activated Carbon by : Clark
Download or read book Granular Activated Carbon written by Clark and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-10-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book presents design, cost, and performance information on the application of GAC in drinking water, including the use of GAC both in the U.S. and overseas. Various design concepts for the unit operations that make up the GAC process are presented in 11 comprehensive, complete chapters, including a special chapter that provides cost equations and comparative cost studies for full scale application of GAC.
Book Synopsis Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Control by : Stuart M. Hooper
Download or read book Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection Byproduct Control written by Stuart M. Hooper and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Regeneration of Activated Carbon for the Treatment of Drinking Water by : Mark Alan Waer
Download or read book Thermal Regeneration of Activated Carbon for the Treatment of Drinking Water written by Mark Alan Waer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been specified as the best available technology (BAT) for the removal of synthetic organic compounds from drinking water. Drinking water utilities which use GAC must either replace or regenerate the carbon periodically. Thermal regeneration is one option for handling spent carbon. The effect of several parameters on volume losses and on the recovery of adsorption capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) during thermal regeneration has been studied. Parameters investigated during this study include the temperature of the regeneration step, the time of regeneration, the type of oxidant, and the oxidant flow rate. The apparent (bulk) density was found to be a good parameter for monitoring thermal regeneration. Other carbon properties followed during regeneration include the surface area (determined by nitrogen isotherm), the micropore volume and the mesopore volume. Optimum regeneration conditions were found to be dependant on the type of GAC being regenerated. The effect of multiple regenerations on carbon properties is discussed.
Book Synopsis Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Activated Carbon by : Celeste Nebot
Download or read book Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Activated Carbon written by Celeste Nebot and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In-Situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Fenton's Reagents by : Carla De Las Casas
Download or read book In-Situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Fenton's Reagents written by Carla De Las Casas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fenton-dependent recovery of carbon initially saturated with one of several chlorinated aliphatic contaminants was studied in batch and continuous-flow reactors. A specialty carbon, URV-MOD 1 (Calgon) was employed to minimize non-productive H2O2 demand - that which does not yield hydroxyl or superoxide radicals. Enhancement of PCE degradation kinetics by ferric iron addition is limited by iron solubility, even at relatively low pH. Quinone addition increased the pseudo-first-order rate constant for PCE loss temporarily. Only copper addition sustainably enhanced the specific rate of PCE loss. For copper-to-iron molar ratios of 0.25 to 5, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for PCE transformation was increased by a factor of 3.5. It is apparent that the effect of copper addition on Fenton-dependent reaction rates is complex, and involves a shift in chemical mechanism, as indicated by the differing slopes in the Arrhenius plot (with and without copper).A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the effect of operational parameters ([Fe(III)]T:[H2O2]o ratio and pH) on degradation kinetics and optimize the PCE degradation process in homogeneous reaction mixtures. The model simulated experimental degradation of the organic target in a homogeneous Fenton-reaction system. The model requires further refinement to simulate Fenton's systems in which ions in solution (such as sulfate and chloride) play significant roles. In continuous-flow reactors, Fenton's reagents were cycled through spent GAC in columns to degrade one of seven chlorinated compounds tested. The contaminant with the weakest adsorption characteristics, methylene chloride, was 99% lost from the carbon surface during a 14-hour regeneration period. At the field site, the GAC was saturated with gases containing TCE and PCE from a soil vapor extraction (SVE) system. In the field, up to 95% of the sorbed TCE was removed from GAC during regeneration periods of 50-60 hours. Recovery of PCE-loaded GAC was significantly slower. Column experiments show that there is minimal loss of carbon adsorption capacity during Fenton treatment and that the rate of GAC regeneration is compound specific. Scoping-level cost estimates indicated that field use of Fenton regeneration is not cost effective without optimization and/or iron surface amendments, except in the case of the most soluble VOCs.
Book Synopsis The regeneration of granular activated carbon using hydrothermal technology by : Michael David Sufnarski
Download or read book The regeneration of granular activated carbon using hydrothermal technology written by Michael David Sufnarski and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Activated Carbon by : Zaid K. Chowdhury
Download or read book Activated Carbon written by Zaid K. Chowdhury and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2013 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Many books have been written about granular activated carbon. Some focus on the theory of performance and removal mechanisms while others focus on design features. This book focuses on solutions. It describes the challenges facing water providers to provide safe water that is acceptable to their customers, utility experiences using activated carbon, activated carbon applications, and design and procurement approaches. The appendices include detailed case studies and a life-cycle assessment demonstrating favorable sustainability considerations for activated carbon when compared to other treatment technologies. Never before has all of this information been together in one location. The what, why, and how of activated carbon are connected in this book and demonstrate why this treatment technology has maintained its status as an integral treatment technology in the quest for pure water over millennia"--
Book Synopsis Activated Carbon Adsorption by : Roop Chand Bansal
Download or read book Activated Carbon Adsorption written by Roop Chand Bansal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High surface area, a microporous structure, and a high degree of surface reactivity make activated carbons versatile adsorbents, particularly effective in the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Activated Carbon Adsorption introduces the parameters and mechanisms involved in the activated carbon adsorption
Book Synopsis Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter in Natural Waters on Granular Activated Carbon by : Megan Denise Storrar
Download or read book Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter in Natural Waters on Granular Activated Carbon written by Megan Denise Storrar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Reactivation of Granular Activated Carbon by : Ayoub Karimi-Jashni
Download or read book Electrochemical Reactivation of Granular Activated Carbon written by Ayoub Karimi-Jashni and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objectives of this dissertation were to refine electrochemical GAC reactivation technology, a promising alternative technology, and to investigate its technical feasibility. The specific objectives of the study were: (1) to evaluate alternative reactor designs; (2) to assess the effect of contaminant and GAC types on the regeneration efficiency; (3) to study the electrolyte post-treatment; and (4) to investigate reactivation mechanisms and model them. To achieve these objectives many interrelated topics were investigated using phenol, 2-nitrophenol (2NP) and naturally occurring background organic matter (NOM) as adsorbates and Filtrasorb 400 (F-400), Westvaco Carbon (WV-B), Darco Norit, and Filtrasorb 300 (F-300) as adsorbents. The impact of reactor operation conditions (reactivation time, current density, pH) on the reactivation efficiency showed that the reactivation efficiency (RE%) could be increased to a maximum by increasing the current and/or time. It was concluded that electrochemical reactivation of GAC is contaminant-type dependent. The reactivation efficiencies of F-400 loaded with 2NP and phenol at different reactivation currents and times showed similar patterns. A comparison of the percent reactivation of GACs showed that F-400 and WV-B performed essentially the same for the tested conditions. Total destruction of desorbed contaminants and their by-products were possible. Desorbed phenol and 2NP from loaded GAC react to form a number of reaction by-products that are eventually oxidized to CO2 and H 2O. The main mechanism responsible for electrochemical reactivation is high-pH induced desorption at the cathode. It accounts for approximately 50--60% of the total reactivation of a single layer of GAC. It is recommended that the GAC electrochemical reactivation should be a three step process. First, the GAC is reactivated with a relatively low current to minimize potential alterations of the GAC surface. Second, the GAC is drained and rinsed with a buffered solution. Finally, the electrolyte is treated electrochemically for an extended time at a much higher current (and possibly a different electrode) to reduce the electrolyte's TOC so that it may be reused or discharged. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
