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Improving Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties Using Bio Based Depressant
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Book Synopsis Improving Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties Using Bio-based Depressant by : Nur Muhammad Afifi Zainal
Download or read book Improving Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties Using Bio-based Depressant written by Nur Muhammad Afifi Zainal and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel has been one of emerging alternative fuel and in stead of high demand in world consumption; technology on biodiesel still not achieved its optimum especially on producing high quality biodiesel. Pure biodiesel hardly to be applied in cold weather climate, this is due to it cold flow properties; cloud point and pour point properties is higher compared to petrodiesel. This study is focusing into lowering the cold flow properties of biodiesel by using alkyl oleate derivative mixed with ethanol. The cloud point, pour point and the kinematic viscosity are the parameter of this study. It was tested on the Cloud Point/Pour Point Test and Viscometer Test. The volume percent ratio of alkyl oleate derivative and ethanol added to biodiesel was manipulated. The result indicates that the addition of alkyl oleate derivative or ethanol in biodiesel has improved the cloud point and pour point of biodiesel. When both alkyl oleate and ethanol were mixed and added to biodiesel, better improvement shows in cloud point and pour point. The addition of ethanol in biodiesel helps to lowering kinematic viscosity of biodiesel however the additions of alkyl oleate derivative increase the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel. When mixed both alkyl oleate derivative and ethanol into biodiesel, the result shows the biodiesel kinematic viscosity is decreasing. Overall result indicates that addition of alkyl oleate and ethanol with the specific proportions in biodiesel has a high potential to be bio-based depressant.
Book Synopsis Improvement of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by : Ashok Kumar Nair Raman
Download or read book Improvement of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel written by Ashok Kumar Nair Raman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold flow properties of biodiesel mean the mechanism of biodiesel properties in winter or cold condition. In this type of condition, biodiesel won't work properly because biodiesel cannot flow easily and will result in engine operational problem and will be more stress-resistant. This research highlights how to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel which is a major hurdle in cold weather or condition where biodiesel is not working in full efficiency. Thus with my research, it will be a major breakthrough for the usage of biodiesel in any weather no matter cold or warm. Pour point (PP) is defined as the lowest temperature where the biodiesel flows or can be pumped. Pour point can also be described as the lowest temperature at which a fuel performs satisfactorily and beyond this temperature, the fuel stops flowing and starts to freeze. The cloud point (CP) of the fuel is defined as the temperature where crystals become visible forming a hazy or cloudy suspension. Pour point and cloud point are the most important parameters which are involved in determining whether cold flow properties are improved or not. There are many methods used for this purpose such as winterization, fractanation and also biodiesel and petro diesel blending but the method of two types of different biodiesel just been rarely tested. Thus, I came up with this method and tried it using two types of biodiesel which are jatropha oil and palm oil. The FFA (free fatty acid) produced from both of this oil is blended in different proportion and the biodiesel is produced. After the biodiesel is produced, the samples are sent to the GCMS analysis to determine whether biodiesel is produced or not. Then, the cold flow properties are determined for each sample. The pour point, cloud point, density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity were determined. From the results, the main objective of this research is achieved where the blending of two types of biodiesel can improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The blended biodiesel have the lower cloud and pour point compared to the unblended biodiesel.
Book Synopsis Improvement of the Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Palm Oil by : Roshaiza Muhamad
Download or read book Improvement of the Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Palm Oil written by Roshaiza Muhamad and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is a low-emissions diesel substitute fuel which is made from renewable sources that consists of the simple alkyl esters of fatty acids. Research and development in the field of biodiesel showed that one way of reducing the biodiesel production costs to compete economically with petroleum diesel fuels is by use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils. This study subjected to minimize the use of biodiesels synthesized from edible oils like palm oils due to raising food and fuel issue, by blending edible palm oil (PO) biodiesel with non-edible rubber seed oil (RSO) biodiesel. Both of the PO and RSO biodiesel were produced by conventional method. Transesterification is a chemical reaction between alcohol and triglyceride in the presence of a catalyst (KOH/ NaOH) at certain temperature to produce methyl ester. The different kinds of biodiesels, palm oils and rubber seed oils, were then blended with the different volume ratios (B100, B80, B60, B40 and B0). The blending biodiesels were characterized for kinematic viscosity, pour point and cloud point. Biodiesel is susceptible to start-up and performance problems, consistent with its chemical composition, when vehicles and fuel systems are subjected to cold temperatures. It was found that blending PO with RSO biodiesels has enhanced the cold flow characteristics of biodiesel by reducing the saturated fatty acids in the biodiesels.
Book Synopsis Mitigating Cold Flow Problems of Biodiesel by : Athira Mohanan
Download or read book Mitigating Cold Flow Problems of Biodiesel written by Athira Mohanan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate by :
Download or read book Improving Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cold Flow Improvement of Biodiesel and Investigation of the Effect of Biodiesel Emulsification on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions by : Osama Elsanusi
Download or read book Cold Flow Improvement of Biodiesel and Investigation of the Effect of Biodiesel Emulsification on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions written by Osama Elsanusi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concerns over environmental issues and conventional resource depletion have heightened our motivation to use clean and alternative fuels. Biodiesel is simply derived from biomass proposed as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, which contributes to a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), smoke intensity, and unburned hydrocarbon (HC). However, biodiesel has inferior cold flow properties and emits higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) compared to conventional diesel. The present work aims at improving cold flow properties of biodiesel using the fractionation method combined with additives, and investigates their effects on a diesel engine's regulated emissions and performance. In addition, emulsion fuels were found to reduce both NOx emission and smoke intensity. Experiments using urea, mixture of recovered urea and crystal, and crystal fractionation were conducted; the additives include ethanol, methanol, and diethyl ether (DEE). Results using two modern diesel engines (a light-duty and a heavy-duty) were investigated using various fuels. The heavy-duty engine was fueled with different fuel types and eight emulsion fuels at two idling conditions (1200 rpm and 1500 rpm). The light-duty engine was fueled with biodiesel blends, fractionated biodiesel blends, emulsified diesel-biodiesel, emulsified diesel-biodiesel ammonium hydroxides blends, and emulsified biodiesel at three different engine operating conditions. The conclusion was that a mixture of recovered urea and crystal fractionation provided higher production efficiency and acceptable cloud point. A significant reduction in NOx emission was obtained from emulsified fuels compared with their bases, and emulsion biodiesel with 2.5% water revealed results that were comparable to diesel in terms of NOx and CO emissions at all engine operating conditions.
Book Synopsis Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms by : Nicholas P Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms written by Nicholas P Cheremisinoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides a comprehensive overview of the nature, manufacture, structure, properties, processing, and applications of commercially available polymers. The main feature of the book is the range of topics from both theory and practice, which means that physical properties and applications of the materials concerned are described in terms of the theory, chemistry and manufacturing constraints which apply to them. It will therefore enable scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work as well as providing polymer technologists, engineers and designers with a theoretical background. - Provides a comprehensive overview of commercially available polymers - Offers a unique mix of theory and application - Essential for both scientists and technologists
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Amit Sarin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A professional reference book that will provide a detailed and comprehensive review on the production and properties of biodiesel
Book Synopsis Developments in Biodiesel by : R. Geetha Balakrishna
Download or read book Developments in Biodiesel written by R. Geetha Balakrishna and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on recent advances in the areas of feedstocks, production processes and testing and enhancement of the properties of biodiesel this book provides a balance between academic and industrial viewpoints across a range of topics.
Book Synopsis The Biodiesel Handbook by : Gerhard Knothe
Download or read book The Biodiesel Handbook written by Gerhard Knothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats
Book Synopsis Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Neem Seed Oil with Ester of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate by : Bhubesh Rattanatraisadhian
Download or read book Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Neem Seed Oil with Ester of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate written by Bhubesh Rattanatraisadhian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiesel Synthesis and Impact of Cold Flow Additives by : Chuang-Wei Chiu
Download or read book Biodiesel Synthesis and Impact of Cold Flow Additives written by Chuang-Wei Chiu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of methanol and catalysts, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, between the biodiesel and glycerin phases was experimentally investigated and modeled. Experimental VLE data were modeled by using the Wilson activity coefficient model and two temperature-dependent model parameters are used to obtain good agreement between calculated and experimental data. The distribution coefficients of methanol between biodiesel and glycerin phases were accurately predicted by the VLE activity coefficients and Wilson model. The cold flow properties of biodiesel (B100) and 80% (B80) to 90% biodiesel in kerosene were evaluated with pour point depressants toward the objective of identifying approaches to transport and mix biodiesel with diesel in cold climates. Four cold flow improver additives were tested at 0.1% to 2% in B80, B90, and B100 blends. Two additives significantly decreased pour points of soybean biodiesel blends, but all four additives had little effect on cloud points. A mixture of 0.2% additive, 79.8% biodiesel, and 20% kerosene reduced the pour point of B100 by 27°C.
Book Synopsis Experimental Characterization of a Bio-liquid Fuel to be Used as an Additive for Improving Biodiesel Combustion in Cold Weather Conditions by : Abu Mahmud Iqbal Chowdhury
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of a Bio-liquid Fuel to be Used as an Additive for Improving Biodiesel Combustion in Cold Weather Conditions written by Abu Mahmud Iqbal Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvement of biodiesel's cold flow properties still remains one of the major challenges for using it as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. Therefore, the main objective of the present research was to use newly developed liquid biofuels, 3-hydroxyl fatty acid esters and ethers, as an additive for improving biodiesel cold weather properties. Test results revealed that blending with 10% 3-hydroxyl fatty acid esters (C4, C6, C8 and C12) improved biodiesel volatility, cloud point, flash point and kinematic viscosity without a significant loss in LHV. However, blending biodiesel with 3-hydroxyl fatty acid esters negatively affected the oxidation stability which was then found to improve by blending with 3-hydroxyl fatty acid ethers (1,3-DMO and 1,3-DMD). The latter novel fuel substance (1,3-DMO and 1,3-DMD) exhibited much higher evaporation rate compared to biodiesel and only slightly lower than that of decane, gasoline or ethanol. Moreover, the LHV of 1,3-DMO and 1,3-DMD was found to be almost equal to that of canola biodiesel, and higher than that of methanol and ethanol. These findings suggest that 1,3-DMO and 1,3-DMD have the potential to be used as additive to improve biodiesel cold weather combustion performance or as standalone fuels.
Book Synopsis Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Irvingia Malayana Oliv. Ex A. Benn. Seeds by : Doungkamol Panlek
Download or read book Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Irvingia Malayana Oliv. Ex A. Benn. Seeds written by Doungkamol Panlek and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiesel Science and Technology by : Jan C.J. Bart
Download or read book Biodiesel Science and Technology written by Jan C.J. Bart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-02-19 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel production is a rapidly advancing field worldwide, with biodiesel fuel increasingly being used in compression ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel has been extensively studied and utilised in developed countries, and it is increasingly being introduced in developing countries, especially in regions with high potential for sustainable biodiesel production.Initial sections systematically review feedstock resources and vegetable oil formulations, including the economics of vegetable oil conversion to diesel fuel, with additional coverage of emerging energy crops for biodiesel production. Further sections review the transesterification process, including chemical (catalysis) and biochemical (biocatalysis) processes, with extended coverage of industrial process technology and control methods, and standards for biodiesel fuel quality assurance. Final chapters cover the sustainability, performance and environmental issues of biodiesel production, as well as routes to improve glycerol by-product usage and the development of next-generation products.Biodiesel science and technology: From soil to oil provides a comprehensive reference to fuel engineers, researchers and academics on the technological developments involved in improving biodiesel quality and production capacity that are crucial to the future of the industry. - Evaluates biodiesel as a renewable energy source and documents global biodiesel development - The outlook for biodiesel science and technology is presented exploring the challenges faced by the global diesel industry - Reviews feedstock resources and vegetable oil formation including emerging crops and the agronomic potential of underexploited oil crops
Book Synopsis Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Automatic and Manual Analysis Methods by : Robert O. Dunn
Download or read book Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Automatic and Manual Analysis Methods written by Robert O. Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel from most common feedstocks has inferior cold flow properties compared to conventional diesel fuel. Blends with as little as 10 vol % biodiesel content typically have significantly higher cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) than No. 2 grade diesel fuel (DF2). Although PP and CFPP may be lowered by treating with cold flow improver additives, these additives do not reduce CP by more than 3-5°C. When stored in moderate temperature climates, biodiesel should be periodically monitored during cooler months. This work examines the use of automated ASTM test methods to reliably monitor CP, PP, and CFPP. Automated instruments have a number of advantages over manually operated apparatus, namely small sample volumes, consistency, speed of analysis, and accuracy of results. Some deviations in data from automated and manual techniques were observed across a diverse set of biodiesel samples. Biodiesel samples were analyzed by subambient differential scanning calorimetry performed at various heating and cooling scan rates for comparison with cold flow property results.
Book Synopsis Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants by : Brajendra K. Sharma
Download or read book Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants written by Brajendra K. Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Review of Developing Environmentally Friendly Lubricants A push from environmentally savvy consumers along with recent changes in governmental regulations have paved the way for a marketplace of products with high levels of environmental performance. Fueled by the growing demand for biobased lubricants, Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants highlights the development of environmentally friendly additives that are compatible with environmental regulations and describes the approaches being used in this emerging area. Derived from research topics shared over the years at various technical sessions of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) Annual Meetings, the book includes a critical assessment of gaps and weaknesses in the field of environmentally friendly fluids and biobased lubricants. Each chapter is written by authors selected from the environmentally friendly fluids and biobased lubricants sessions of STLE and also incorporates input from prominent researchers invited to take part in the book. Expert contributors discuss the control, production, usage, and disposal of lubricants; factor in related policies, laws, and regulations around the world; and include case studies demonstrating the uses and values of commercially viable biobased lubricants. The book is divided into five sections that cover advanced environmentally friendly base oils and feedstocks, biobased hydraulic lubricants and biodegradability, chemically/enzymatically modified environmentally friendly base oils, vegetable oil–based environmentally friendly fluids, and additives for environmentally friendly fluids.
