Improvement Of The Cold Flow Property Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil

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Improvement of the Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Palm Oil

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Author : Roshaiza Muhamad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

Book Synopsis Improvement of the Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Palm Oil by : Roshaiza Muhamad

Download or read book Improvement of the Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Palm Oil written by Roshaiza Muhamad and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is a low-emissions diesel substitute fuel which is made from renewable sources that consists of the simple alkyl esters of fatty acids. Research and development in the field of biodiesel showed that one way of reducing the biodiesel production costs to compete economically with petroleum diesel fuels is by use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils. This study subjected to minimize the use of biodiesels synthesized from edible oils like palm oils due to raising food and fuel issue, by blending edible palm oil (PO) biodiesel with non-edible rubber seed oil (RSO) biodiesel. Both of the PO and RSO biodiesel were produced by conventional method. Transesterification is a chemical reaction between alcohol and triglyceride in the presence of a catalyst (KOH/ NaOH) at certain temperature to produce methyl ester. The different kinds of biodiesels, palm oils and rubber seed oils, were then blended with the different volume ratios (B100, B80, B60, B40 and B0). The blending biodiesels were characterized for kinematic viscosity, pour point and cloud point. Biodiesel is susceptible to start-up and performance problems, consistent with its chemical composition, when vehicles and fuel systems are subjected to cold temperatures. It was found that blending PO with RSO biodiesels has enhanced the cold flow characteristics of biodiesel by reducing the saturated fatty acids in the biodiesels.

Improvement of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel

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Author : Ashok Kumar Nair Raman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

Book Synopsis Improvement of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by : Ashok Kumar Nair Raman

Download or read book Improvement of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel written by Ashok Kumar Nair Raman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold flow properties of biodiesel mean the mechanism of biodiesel properties in winter or cold condition. In this type of condition, biodiesel won't work properly because biodiesel cannot flow easily and will result in engine operational problem and will be more stress-resistant. This research highlights how to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel which is a major hurdle in cold weather or condition where biodiesel is not working in full efficiency. Thus with my research, it will be a major breakthrough for the usage of biodiesel in any weather no matter cold or warm. Pour point (PP) is defined as the lowest temperature where the biodiesel flows or can be pumped. Pour point can also be described as the lowest temperature at which a fuel performs satisfactorily and beyond this temperature, the fuel stops flowing and starts to freeze. The cloud point (CP) of the fuel is defined as the temperature where crystals become visible forming a hazy or cloudy suspension. Pour point and cloud point are the most important parameters which are involved in determining whether cold flow properties are improved or not. There are many methods used for this purpose such as winterization, fractanation and also biodiesel and petro diesel blending but the method of two types of different biodiesel just been rarely tested. Thus, I came up with this method and tried it using two types of biodiesel which are jatropha oil and palm oil. The FFA (free fatty acid) produced from both of this oil is blended in different proportion and the biodiesel is produced. After the biodiesel is produced, the samples are sent to the GCMS analysis to determine whether biodiesel is produced or not. Then, the cold flow properties are determined for each sample. The pour point, cloud point, density, viscosity and kinematic viscosity were determined. From the results, the main objective of this research is achieved where the blending of two types of biodiesel can improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The blended biodiesel have the lower cloud and pour point compared to the unblended biodiesel.

Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Neem Seed Oil with Ester of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

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Author : Bhubesh Rattanatraisadhian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)

Book Synopsis Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Neem Seed Oil with Ester of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate by : Bhubesh Rattanatraisadhian

Download or read book Improving Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel from Neem Seed Oil with Ester of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate written by Bhubesh Rattanatraisadhian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Improving Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)

Book Synopsis Improving Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate by :

Download or read book Improving Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Biodiesel Handbook

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Author : Gerhard Knothe
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0983507260
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (835 download)

Book Synopsis The Biodiesel Handbook by : Gerhard Knothe

Download or read book The Biodiesel Handbook written by Gerhard Knothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats

Advances in Clean Energy Technologies

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Author : Prashant V. Baredar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811602352
Total Pages : 1130 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

Book Synopsis Advances in Clean Energy Technologies by : Prashant V. Baredar

Download or read book Advances in Clean Energy Technologies written by Prashant V. Baredar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-30 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select proceedings of the international conference on Innovations in Clean Energy Technologies (ICET 2020) and examines a range of durable, energy efficient and next-generation smart green technologies for sustainable future by reflecting on the trends, advances and development taking place all across the globe. The topics covered include smart technologies based product, energy efficient systems, solar and wind energy, carbon sequestration, green transportation, green buildings, energy material, biomass energy, smart cites, hydro power, bio-energy and fuel cell. The book also discusses various performance attributes of these clean energy technologies and their workability and carbon footprint. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in clean energy technologies.

Advances in Interdisciplinary Engineering

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Author : Mukul Kumar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811365776
Total Pages : 917 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

Book Synopsis Advances in Interdisciplinary Engineering by : Mukul Kumar

Download or read book Advances in Interdisciplinary Engineering written by Mukul Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME 2018). The book discusses interdisciplinary areas such as automobile engineering, mechatronics, applied and structural mechanics, bio-mechanics, biomedical instrumentation, ergonomics, biodynamic modeling, nuclear engineering, agriculture engineering, and farm machineries. The contents of the book will benefit both researchers and professionals.

Innovations in Fuel Economy and Sustainable Road Transport

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Author : Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857095870
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

Book Synopsis Innovations in Fuel Economy and Sustainable Road Transport by : Institution of Mechanical Engineers

Download or read book Innovations in Fuel Economy and Sustainable Road Transport written by Institution of Mechanical Engineers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-19 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the papers from the Innovations in Fuel Economy and Sustainable Road Transport conference, held in Pune, India, 8-9 November, 2011. Papers examine advances in powertrain, alternative fuels, lightweight vehicles, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. An international assembly of senior industry representatives provide insight into research and technological advances in low carbon technology sustainability for road transport, helping towards achieving stringent emissions standards and continual improvements in fuel economy efficiency, all in an expanding Indian market. These technical papers from industry and academia discuss the developments and research of leading organisations. - Discusses maximising powertrain performance for a low carbon agenda - Provides readers with an understanding of the latest developments in alternative fuels - Examines the future landscape for the implementation and development of electric vehicles

Greener and Scalable E-fuels for Decarbonization of Transport

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Author : Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811683441
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

Book Synopsis Greener and Scalable E-fuels for Decarbonization of Transport by : Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Download or read book Greener and Scalable E-fuels for Decarbonization of Transport written by Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights ways of using gaseous and liquid e-fuels like hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), methanol (CH3OH), DME (CH3-O-CH3), Ammonia (NH3), synthetic petrol and diesel, etc in existing engines and their effects on tailpipe emissions. The contents also cover calibration and optimization procedure for adaptation of these fuels. the volume also discusses the economical aspect of these fuels. Chapters include recent results and are focused on current trends of automotive sector. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.

Advancement in Oxygenated Fuels for Sustainable Development

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Author : Niraj Kumar
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323908764
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

Book Synopsis Advancement in Oxygenated Fuels for Sustainable Development by : Niraj Kumar

Download or read book Advancement in Oxygenated Fuels for Sustainable Development written by Niraj Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Oxygenated Fuels for Sustainable Development: Feedstocks and Precursors for Catalysts Synthesis provides a roadmap to the sustainable implementation of oxygenated fuels in internal combustion engines through sustainable production, smart distribution and effective utilization. Focusing on the sustainability of feedstocks, the book assesses availability, emissions impact and reduction potential, and biodiversity and land utilization impact. Existing technologies and supply chains are reviewed, and recommendations are provided on how to sustainably implement or update these technologies, including for rural communities. Furthermore, effective supply and distribution network designs are provided alongside methods for monitoring and assessing their sustainability, accounting for social, economic, environmental and ecological factors. This book guides readers through every aspect of the production and commercialization of sustainable oxygenated fuels for internal combustion engines and their implementation across the global transport industry. Provides multilevel perspectives on how to facilitate the sustainable production of oxygenated fuel and develop new indices for measuring the effectiveness and sustainability of implementation Recommends a framework and criteria for assessing the suitability, sustainability, and environmental benefits of oxygenated biofuels Describes the fuel properties of all oxygenated fuels and their performance in unmodified and enhanced CI and SI engines

Mitigating Cold Flow Problems of Biodiesel

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Author : Athira Mohanan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

Book Synopsis Mitigating Cold Flow Problems of Biodiesel by : Athira Mohanan

Download or read book Mitigating Cold Flow Problems of Biodiesel written by Athira Mohanan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Biodiesel Production

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Author : R Luque
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857095862
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

Book Synopsis Advances in Biodiesel Production by : R Luque

Download or read book Advances in Biodiesel Production written by R Luque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels capable of substituting fossil fuel usage in compression ignition vehicles, and is used in a variety of fuel blends worldwide. First-generation biodiesel has been used in national markets for some time, with fuel quality standards in place for this purpose. There remain, however, several restrictions to sustainable and long term market development, which is influenced by many factors, including food vs. fuel pressures. The development of new generations of biodiesel, aimed at more sustainable and effective feedstock utilisation alongside improved production efficiency and fuel quality, is critical to the future both of this industry and of the continuing use of biodiesel fuels in transportation.This book provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies. Part one reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards. This coverage is extended in Part two, with chapters focussing on the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in biodiesel production a standard reference for chemical, biochemical and industrial process engineers, as well as scientists and researchers in this important field. - Provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies - Reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards - Discusses the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies

Improving Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties Using Bio-based Depressant

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Author : Nur Muhammad Afifi Zainal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

Book Synopsis Improving Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties Using Bio-based Depressant by : Nur Muhammad Afifi Zainal

Download or read book Improving Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties Using Bio-based Depressant written by Nur Muhammad Afifi Zainal and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel has been one of emerging alternative fuel and in stead of high demand in world consumption; technology on biodiesel still not achieved its optimum especially on producing high quality biodiesel. Pure biodiesel hardly to be applied in cold weather climate, this is due to it cold flow properties; cloud point and pour point properties is higher compared to petrodiesel. This study is focusing into lowering the cold flow properties of biodiesel by using alkyl oleate derivative mixed with ethanol. The cloud point, pour point and the kinematic viscosity are the parameter of this study. It was tested on the Cloud Point/Pour Point Test and Viscometer Test. The volume percent ratio of alkyl oleate derivative and ethanol added to biodiesel was manipulated. The result indicates that the addition of alkyl oleate derivative or ethanol in biodiesel has improved the cloud point and pour point of biodiesel. When both alkyl oleate and ethanol were mixed and added to biodiesel, better improvement shows in cloud point and pour point. The addition of ethanol in biodiesel helps to lowering kinematic viscosity of biodiesel however the additions of alkyl oleate derivative increase the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel. When mixed both alkyl oleate derivative and ethanol into biodiesel, the result shows the biodiesel kinematic viscosity is decreasing. Overall result indicates that addition of alkyl oleate and ethanol with the specific proportions in biodiesel has a high potential to be bio-based depressant.

Food Emulsifiers and Their Applications

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Author : Richard W Hartel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475726627
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

Book Synopsis Food Emulsifiers and Their Applications by : Richard W Hartel

Download or read book Food Emulsifiers and Their Applications written by Richard W Hartel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food emulsions have existed since long before people began to process foods for distribution and consumption. Milk, for example, is a natural emulsion/colloid in which a nutritional fat is stabilized by a milk-fat-globule membrane. Early processed foods were developed when people began to explore the art of cuisine. Butter and gravies were early foods used to enhance flavors and aid in cooking. By contrast, food emulsifiers have only recently been recognized for their abil ity to stabilize foods during processing and distribution. As economies of scale emerged, pressures for higher quality and extension of shelf life prodded the de velopment of food emulsifiers and their adjunct technologies. Natural emulsifiers, such as egg and milk proteins and phospholipids, were the first to be generally utilized. Development of technologies for processing oils, such as refining, bleaching, and hydrogenation, led to the design of synthetic food emulsifiers. Formulation of food emulsions has, until recently, been practiced more as an art than a science. The complexity offood systems has been the barrier to funda mental understanding. Scientists have long studied emulsions using pure water, hydrocarbon, and surfactant, but food systems, by contrast, are typically a com plex mixture of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, salts, and acid. Other surface-active ingredients, such as proteins and phospholipids, can demonstrate either syner- XV xvi Preface gistic or deleterious functionality during processing or in the finished food.

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining

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Author : Mohamed A. Fahim
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080931561
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining by : Mohamed A. Fahim

Download or read book Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining written by Mohamed A. Fahim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. - Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics - Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies - Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining

Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms

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Author : Nicholas P Cheremisinoff
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080502822
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

Book Synopsis Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms by : Nicholas P Cheremisinoff

Download or read book Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms written by Nicholas P Cheremisinoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides a comprehensive overview of the nature, manufacture, structure, properties, processing, and applications of commercially available polymers. The main feature of the book is the range of topics from both theory and practice, which means that physical properties and applications of the materials concerned are described in terms of the theory, chemistry and manufacturing constraints which apply to them. It will therefore enable scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work as well as providing polymer technologists, engineers and designers with a theoretical background. - Provides a comprehensive overview of commercially available polymers - Offers a unique mix of theory and application - Essential for both scientists and technologists

Biodiesel

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Author : Martin Mittelbach
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis Biodiesel by : Martin Mittelbach

Download or read book Biodiesel written by Martin Mittelbach and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: