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Author : J. Gillespie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (778 download)
Download or read book Improvement of Combustion Efficiency in Low-NO ̲x Combustion Systems written by J. Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU), Harwell (GB). Coal R and D Programme
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (816 download)
Download or read book Improvement of Combustion Efficiency in Low-NO ̲x Combustion Systems written by Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU), Harwell (GB). Coal R and D Programme and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Gillespie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (595 download)
Download or read book Improvement of Combustion Efficiency in Low-NOssx Combustion Systems written by J. Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Energy Technology Support Unit (Great Britain). Coal R & D Programme
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Improvement of Combustion Efficiency in Low-NO←x Combustion Systems written by Energy Technology Support Unit (Great Britain). Coal R & D Programme and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Albert Thumann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Guide to Improving Efficiency of Combustion Systems written by Albert Thumann and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Derek Dunn-Rankin
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080550525
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Lean Combustion written by Derek Dunn-Rankin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion under sufficiently fuel-lean conditions can have the desirable attributes of high efficiency and low emissions, this being particularly important in light of recent and rapid increases in the cost of fossil fuels and concerns over the links between combustion and global climate change. Lean Combustion is an eminently authoritative, reference work on the latest advances in lean combustion technology and systems. It will offer engineers working on combustion equipment and systems both the fundamentals and the latest developments in more efficient fuel usage and in much-sought-after reductions of undesirable emissions, while still achieving desired power output and performance. This volume brings together research and design of lean combustion systems across the technology spectrum in order to explore the state-of-the-art in lean combustion and its role in meeting current and future demands on combustion systems. Readers will learn about advances in the understanding of ultra lean fuel mixtures and how new types of burners and approaches to managing heat flow can reduce problems often found with lean combustion such as slow, difficult ignition and frequent flame extinction. The book will also offer abundant references and examples of recent real-world applications. Covers all major recent developments in lean combustion science and technology, with new applications in both traditional combustion schemes as well as such novel uses as highly preheated and hydrogen-fueled systems Offers techniques for overcoming difficult ignition problems and flame extinction with lean fuel mixtures Covers new developments in lean combustion using high levels of pre-heat and heat re-circulating burners, as well as the active control of lean combustion instabilities
Author : Charles E. Baukal Jr.
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439862303
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Author : Shigeru Hayashi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Compatibility Between Low-NOx Emissions and High-combustion Efficiency by Lean Direct Injection Combustion written by Shigeru Hayashi and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
Author : Seyed Ehsan Hosseini
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323903460
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Low Emission Flameless Combustion and Its Applications written by Seyed Ehsan Hosseini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Low Emission Flameless Combustion and Its Applications is a comprehensive reference on the flameless combustion mode and its industrial applications, considering various types of fossil and alternative fuel. Several experimental and numerical accomplishments on the fundamentals of state-of-the-art flameless combustion is presented, working to clarify the environmentally friendly aspects of this combustion mode. Author Dr. Hosseini presents the latest progresses in the field and highlights the most important achievements since invention, including the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and chemical kinetics. Also analyzed is fuel consumption reduction and the efficiency of the system, emissions formation and the effect of the flameless mode on emission reduction.This book provides a solid foundation for those in industry employing flameless combustion for energy conservation and the mitigation of pollutant emissions. It will provide engineers and researchers in energy system engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineers and environmental engineering with a reliable resource on flameless combustion and may also serve as a textbook for senior graduate students. Presents the fundamentals of flameless combustion and covers advances since its invention Includes experimental and numerical investigations of flameless combustion Analyzes emission formation and highlights the effects of the flameless mode on emission reduction
Download or read book The Combustion and Emissions Performance of Fuel Blends in Modern Combustion Systems written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combustion and emissions performance of fuel blends in modern combustion systems has been investigated with the intention of reducing emissions, improving efficiency and assessing the suitability of future automotive fuels. The combustion systems used in this study include Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI). By adding a small quantity (10%) of diesel to gasoline, the HCCI combustion of this ̳Dieseline‘ mixture shows a 4% increase in the maximum and a 16% reduction in the minimum loads (IMEP) achievable. The NOX emissions are reduced, with greater than 30% savings seen for high engine loads. The addition of bio-fuels (ethanol and 2,5 di-methylfuran) to gasoline in HCCI combustion resulted in reduced ignitability giving rise to a 0.25 bar IMEP reduction of the maximum load. A 70% increase in NOX emissions is seen at an engine load of 3.5 bar IMEP. The addition of ethanol and to a lesser extent 2,5 di-methylfuran (DMF) to gasoline in DISI combustion shows increased combustion efficiency. The NOX emissions are reduced with ethanol, but are increased with the addition of DMF. At wide open throttle the bio-fuels show up to a 3 percentage point increase in efficiency through the use of more favourable spark timings brought about by the increased octane ratings and enthalpies of vaporisation. The PM emissions from DISI combustion can be reduced by up to 58% (mass) with the addition of ethanol. The soluble organic fraction forms a significant part of the total PM, particularly for the higher ethanol blends at wide open throttle. The addition of DMF however increases the total PM by up to 70% (mass) through the incomplete combustion of the ring structure.
Author : A. Tomita
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080440897
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Emissions Reduction written by A. Tomita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-12-18 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the topic of emissions reduction and control has remained an important area of research due to the enforcement of various Government policies in an attempt to minimize the impact on the environment. One area in which a great deal of research has been conducted to address this policy is NOx/SOx suppression. However, despite the progress that has been made over this time period, further research into the most effective method of reducing NOx/SOx emissions is still urgently required. In developed countries, a more stringent requirement in the level of emissions (such as is NOx/SOx component of less than 10ppm) will be enforced in the near future. Developing countries will also need a new technology that is effective and that is suited to each countries needs. Additional research and development efforts are thus necessary to meet such requirements. This compendium contains a collection of key papers themed around NOx/SOx emissions from combustion of hydrocarbon resources and the attempts to secure an efficient and effective method for reducing these emissions. These key papers are taken from the journals Fuel, Fuel Processing Technology and Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.
Download or read book OXYGEN ENHANCED COMBUSTION FOR NOx CONTROL. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom says adding oxygen to a combustion system enhances product throughput, system efficiency, and, unless special care is taken, increases NOx emissions. This increase in NOx emissions is typically due to elevated flame temperatures associated with oxygen use leading to added thermal NOx formation. Innovative low flame temperature oxy-fuel burner designs have been developed and commercialized to minimize both thermal and fuel NOx formation for gas and oil fired industrial furnaces. To be effective these systems require close to 100% oxy-fuel combustion and the cost of oxygen is paid for by fuel savings and other benefits. For applications to coal-fired utility boilers at the current cost of oxygen, however, it is not economically feasible to use 100% oxygen for NOx control. In spite of this conventional wisdom, Praxair and its team members, in partnership with the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, have developed a novel way to use oxygen to reduce NOx emissions without resorting to complete oxy-fuel conversion. In this concept oxygen is added to the combustion process to enhance operation of a low NOx combustion system. Only a small fraction of combustion air is replaced with oxygen in the process. By selectively adding oxygen to a low NOx combustion system it is possible to reduce NOx emissions from nitrogen-containing fuels, including pulverized coal, while improving combustion characteristics such as unburned carbon. A combination of experimental work and modeling was used to define how well oxygen enhanced combustion could reduce NOx emissions. The results of this work suggest that small amounts of oxygen replacement can reduce the NOx emissions as compared to the air-alone system. NOx emissions significantly below 0.15 lbs/MMBtu were measured. Oxygen addition was also shown to reduce carbon in ash. Comparison of the costs of using oxygen for NOx control against competing technologies, such as SCR, show that this concept offers substantial savings over SCR and is an economically attractive alternative to purchasing NOx credits or installing other conventional technologies. In conjunction with the development of oxygen based low NOx technology, Praxair also worked on developing the economically enhancing oxygen transport membrane (OTM) technology which is ideally suited for integration with combustion systems to achieve further significant cost reductions and efficiency improvements. This OTM oxygen production technology is based on ceramic mixed conductor membranes that operate at high temperatures and can be operated in a pressure driven mode to separate oxygen with infinite selectivity and high flux. An OTM material was selected and characterized. OTM elements were successfully fabricated. A single tube OTM reactor was designed and assembled. Testing of dense OTM elements was conducted with promising oxygen flux results of 100% of target flux. However, based on current natural gas prices and stand-alone air separation processes, ceramic membranes do not offer an economic advantage for this application. Under a different DOE-NETL Cooperative Agreement, Praxair is continuing to develop oxygen transport membranes for the Advanced Boiler where the economics appear more attractive.
Author : Bruce G. Miller
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080961169
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Clean Coal Engineering Technology written by Bruce G. Miller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern over the effects of airborne pollution, green house gases, and the impact of global warming has become a worldwide issue that transcends international boundaries, politics, and social responsibility. The 2nd Edition of Coal Energy Systems: Clean Coal Technology describes a new generation of energy processes that sharply reduce air emissions and other pollutants from coal-burning power plants. Coal is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels. When burned, it produces emissions that contribute to global warming, create acid rain, and pollute water. With all of the interest and research surrounding nuclear energy, hydropower, and biofuels, many think that coal is finally on its way out. However, coal generates half of the electricity in the United States and throughout the world today. It will likely continue to do so as long as it's cheap and plentiful [Source: Energy Information Administration]. Coal provides stability in price and availability, will continue to be a major source of electricity generation, will be the major source of hydrogen for the coming hydrogen economy, and has the potential to become an important source of liquid fuels. Conservation and renewable/sustainable energy are important in the overall energy picture, but will play a lesser role in helping us satisfy our energy demands today. Dramatically updated to meet the needs of an ever changing energy market, Coal Energy Systems, 2nd Edition is a single source covering policy and the engineering involved in implementing that policy. The book addresses many coal-related subjects of interest ranging from the chemistry of coal and the future engineering anatomy of a coal fired plant to the cutting edge clean coal technologies being researched and utilized today. A 50% update over the first edition, this new book contains new chapters on processes such as CO2 capture and sequestration, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems, Pulverized-Coal Power Plants and Carbon Emission Trading. Existing materials on worldwide coal distribution and quantities, technical and policy issues regarding the use of coal, technologies used and under development for utilizing coal to produce heat, electricity, and chemicals with low environmental impact, vision for utilizing coal well into the 21st century, and the security coal presents. Clean Liquids and Gaseous Fuels from Coal for Electric Power Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems Pulverized-Coal Power Plants Advanced Coal-Based Power Plants Fluidized-Bed Combustion Technology CO2 capture and sequestration
Author : Bilge Albayrak Ceper
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 953513891X
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Improvement Trends for Internal Combustion Engines written by Bilge Albayrak Ceper and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines have remained a challenge due to depending heavily on fossil fuels, which are already limited reserves, and a requirement for improvement in emission levels continuously. The number of advanced technologies such as hybrid systems and low-temperature combustion engines has been introduced, and a number of reports about the use of alternative fuels have been presented in recent years to overcome these challenges. The efforts have made the new concepts to be used in practical along with the new problems which are required advanced control systems. This book presents studies on internal combustion engines with alternative fuels and advanced combustion technologies to obtain efficiency and environment-friendly systems, measurement methodology of exhaust emissions and modelling of a hybrid engine system, and mechanical losses arising from ring-cylinder and ring-groove side contacts as well. The main theme here is to identify solutions for internal combustion engines in terms of fuel consumption, emissions, and performance.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309373913
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author : Joel Haynes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Advanced Combustion Systems for Next Generation Gas Turbines written by Joel Haynes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next generation turbine power plants will require high efficiency gas turbines with higher pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures than currently available. These increases in gas turbine cycle conditions will tend to increase NOx emissions. As the desire for higher efficiency drives pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures ever higher, gas turbines equipped with both lean premixed combustors and selective catalytic reduction after treatment eventually will be unable to meet the new emission goals of sub-3 ppm NOx. New gas turbine combustors are needed with lower emissions than the current state-of-the-art lean premixed combustors. In this program an advanced combustion system for the next generation of gas turbines is being developed with the goal of reducing combustor NOx emissions by 50% below the state-of-the-art. Dry Low NOx (DLN) technology is the current leader in NOx emission technology, guaranteeing 9 ppm NOx emissions for heavy duty F class gas turbines. This development program is directed at exploring advanced concepts which hold promise for meeting the low emissions targets. The trapped vortex combustor is an advanced concept in combustor design. It has been studied widely for aircraft engine applications because it has demonstrated the ability to maintain a stable flame over a wide range of fuel flow rates. Additionally, it has shown significantly lower NOx emission than a typical aircraft engine combustor and with low CO at the same time. The rapid CO burnout and low NOx production of this combustor made it a strong candidate for investigation. Incremental improvements to the DLN technology have not brought the dramatic improvements that are targeted in this program. A revolutionary combustor design is being explored because it captures many of the critical features needed to significantly reduce emissions. Experimental measurements of the combustor performance at atmospheric conditions were completed in the first phase of the program. Emissions measurements were obtained over a variety of operating conditions. A kinetics model is formulated to describe the emissions performance. The model is a tool for determining the conditions for low emission performance. The flow field was also modeled using CFD. A first prototype was developed for low emission performance on natural gas. The design utilized the tools anchored to the atmospheric prototype performance. The 1/6 scale combustor was designed for low emission performance in GE's FA+e gas turbine. A second prototype was developed to evaluate changes in the design approach. The prototype was developed at a 1/10 scale for low emission performance in GE's FA+e gas turbine. The performance of the first two prototypes gave a strong indication of the best design approach. Review of the emission results led to the development of a 3rd prototype to further reduce the combustor emissions. The original plan to produce a scaled-up prototype was pushed out beyond the scope of the current program. The 3rd prototype was designed at 1/10 scale and targeted further reductions in the full-speed full-load emissions.
Author : Hiroshi Tsuji
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420041037
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Air Combustion written by Hiroshi Tsuji and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-03 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximize efficiency and minimize pollution: the breakthrough technology of high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) holds the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional combustion and allow engineers to finally meet this long-standing imperative. Research has shown that HiTAC technology can provide simultaneous reduction of CO2 and nitric
