Implementing Grammar Journals in the ESL Classroom

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (162 download)

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Book Synopsis Implementing Grammar Journals in the ESL Classroom by : Justin Cameron Fulton

Download or read book Implementing Grammar Journals in the ESL Classroom written by Justin Cameron Fulton and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis proposes a curriculum using Grammar Journals. To do this, communicative approaches to teaching ESL are surveyed, as well as Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis and other theories relevant to journaling, grammar, and ESL teaching. First grammar instruction is reviewed. Then, the Grammar Journal is introduced and explained. Problems within the ESL writing classroom are reviewed. The thesis then demonstrates how the Grammar Journal can be effective in solving grammar problems. The curriculum is introduced by discussing the text, its rationale, and other information. The thesis concludes by suggesting that Grammar Journals can provide a new means of including grammar within writing instruction, and it can make better ESL writers. The appendices include a broad ten-week overview of the curriculum, details for one week of instruction, further examples of activities based on the text, a mid term and final exam, and a final project that has the students make a presentation on what they've learned in the course. This thesis proposes the innovative idea of using Grammar Journals. It also proposes a curriculum that provides an example of a way to incorporate Grammar Journals within a ESL writing curriculum. The curriculum sample can be located in Appendix A"--Document.

60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities

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Publisher : Alphabet Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1948492512
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (484 download)

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Book Synopsis 60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities by : Alice Savage

Download or read book 60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities written by Alice Savage and published by Alphabet Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-20 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities contains] a wide range of practicable activities that, in the words of the authors, ‘connect language in our head to our arms and legs, eyes and ears.“ — Scott Thornbury, Author of How to Teach Grammar and Grammar Uncovered from the Foreword Language is more than words. But too often, we teach grammar as a set of boring rules, best practiced by filling out worksheets. 60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities by Alice Savage and Colin Ward bursts this myth with a collection of activities that get students out of their seats and learning in a dynamic and active classroom. The benefits of kinetic language learning activities are many: teach gesture and nonverbal communication activate our embodied mind make grammar memorable change the dynamics of the classroom build community and raise students’ moods. This book contains everything you need to practice 60 common grammar points in a dynamic and active way! All the activities inside are all low-prep or no-prep, easy to adapt to your classroom, and flexible enough to work with a variety of target language features.

Applying Cognitive Grammar in the Foreign Language Classroom

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642274552
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Applying Cognitive Grammar in the Foreign Language Classroom by : Jakub Bielak

Download or read book Applying Cognitive Grammar in the Foreign Language Classroom written by Jakub Bielak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-12 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph constitutes an attempt to demonstrate how Cognitive Grammar (CG) can be employed in the foreign language classroom with a view to aiding learners in better understanding the complexities of English grammar. Its theoretical part provides a brief overview of the main tenets of Cognitive Grammar as well as illustrating how the description of English tense and aspect can be approached from a traditional and a CG perspective. The empirical part reports the findings of an empirical study which aimed to compare the effects of instruction utilizing traditional pedagogic descriptions with those grounded in CG on the explicit an implicit knowledge of the Present Simple and Present Continuous Tenses. The book closes with the discussion of directions for further research when it comes to the application of CG to language pedagogy as well as some pedagogic implications

English Grammar Instruction That Works!

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Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1452295514
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis English Grammar Instruction That Works! by : Evelyn Rothstein

Download or read book English Grammar Instruction That Works! written by Evelyn Rothstein and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2008-11-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Andrew and Evelyn Rothstein have given teachers a model for teaching the structure of our language with fun and interesting strategies that can be used at all grade levels. They show teachers how to take grammar instruction from a stand-alone subject to an integral part of a complete literacy program." —Kim Whitling, Fifth-Grade Inclusion Teacher Franklinville Central School, NY Build strong grammar skills to help students become better readers, writers, and communicators! With today′s diverse and standards-driven classroom environment, teachers are eager for a new approach to grammar instruction—one that builds understanding of the structure and nuances of English. This practical guide points the way to fun, engaging, and effective grammar teaching for Grades K–12. Designed for classroom teachers, this resource covers grammar fundamentals that support vocabulary and writing skills. Readers will discover teaching strategies that encourage creativity and critical thought, based on a realistic approach to children′s language development. This guide provides: Clear explanations of grammatical terms as a refresher for teachers Easy-to-implement classroom activities, including examples and word play from children′s literature Appropriate techniques for a broad audience of students, with specific suggestions for English language learners Background on the development of English as a global language, promoting students′ respect for diverse cultures A teaching approach that supports the National Council of Teachers of English standards for English language arts Help your students develop a deep understanding of English grammar and build a solid foundation for academic achievement and lifelong communications skills.

Teaching Grammar in Second Language Classrooms

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113696603X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching Grammar in Second Language Classrooms by : Hossein Nassaji

Download or read book Teaching Grammar in Second Language Classrooms written by Hossein Nassaji and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent SLA research recognizes the necessity of attention to grammar and demonstrates that form-focused instruction is especially effective when it is incorporated into a meaningful communicative context. Designed specifically for second-language teachers, this text identifies and explores the various options for integrating a focus on grammar and a focus on communication in classroom contexts and offers concrete examples of teaching activities for each option. Each chapter includes a description of the option, its theoretical and empirical background, examples of activities illustrating in a non-technical manner how it can be implemented in the classroom, questions for reflection, and a list of useful resources that teachers can consult for further information.

Pedagogical Grammar for ESL Made Easy (Penerbit USM)

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Publisher : Penerbit USM
ISBN 13 : 9674612645
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (746 download)

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Book Synopsis Pedagogical Grammar for ESL Made Easy (Penerbit USM) by : Tan Kok Eng

Download or read book Pedagogical Grammar for ESL Made Easy (Penerbit USM) written by Tan Kok Eng and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a good companion for teachers and learners of the English grammar. It gives the opportunity for teachers to journey with their students in the teaching and learning of grammar, especially in a non-native English speaking context. It encourages an understanding of grammar through the use of a metalanguage. Learners no longer have to depend on the ‘it feels right’ defense but can confidently support grammar usage with sound explanation. ESL learners from the secondary school level to tertiary level as well as learners who are preparing to be English teachers will find the aspects and depth of the contents covered in this book useful. The book inculcates the practice of ‘awareness, analysis and explanation’ which helps learners to tap into the many grammar guides and resources available.

Lessons in Teaching Grammar in Primary Schools

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Publisher : Learning Matters
ISBN 13 : 1473904803
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (739 download)

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Book Synopsis Lessons in Teaching Grammar in Primary Schools by : Suzanne Horton

Download or read book Lessons in Teaching Grammar in Primary Schools written by Suzanne Horton and published by Learning Matters. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lesson planning in line with the new Primary National Curriculum! Outstanding grammar lessons are not about teaching children the mechanics of grammar but fostering a curiosity about language, words and clauses when explored within a meaningful context. This book offers practical ideas and lesson plans to help you plan and teach lessons that motivate, engage and inspire pupils to use grammar accurately and creatively to produce writing that is fluid, cohesive and purposeful. It will also help you to teach grammar confidently and effectively by addressing your own grammar questions and providing essential subject knowledge. The lesson ideas have all been tried and tested in the classroom, and you can adapt the lessons to teach other aspects of grammar or change the focus of the learning objective to reflect the needs of your classroom. Did you know that this book is part of the Lessons in Teaching series? Table of Contents What is Grammar? / Grammar in context / Year 1: Teaching Sentence Demarcation / Year 2: Teaching Conjunctions / Year 3: Teaching Direct Speech / Year 3: Using the Perfect Tense / Year 4: Teaching adverbial phrases / Year 4: Teaching the Difference between the Plural and Possessive -s / Year 5: Teaching Modal Verbs / Year 5: Teaching Expanded Noun Phrases / Year 6: Using the Subjunctive Form in Speech / Year 6: Using the Passive Voice / Moving On / Glossary of Terms WHAT IS THE LESSONS IN TEACHING SERIES? Suitable for any teacher at any stage of their career, the books in this series are packed with great ideas for teaching engaging, outstanding lessons in your primary classroom. The Companion Website accompanying the series includes extra resources including tips, lesson starters, videos and Pinterest boards. Books in this series: Lessons in Teaching Grammar in Primary Schools, Lessons in Teaching Computing in Primary Schools, Lessons in Teaching Number and Place Value in Primary Schools, Lessons in Teaching Reading Comprehension in Primary Schools, Lesson in Teaching Phonics in Primary Schools

More Grammar Games

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521466301
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (663 download)

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Book Synopsis More Grammar Games by : Mario Rinvolucri

Download or read book More Grammar Games written by Mario Rinvolucri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive, affective and drama activities for EFL students This resource book for teachers contains an exciting collection of activities which present and practise vital grammatical content in an original way. Each game is clearly introduced with a summary specifying the area of grammar to be practised, the level it is aimed at, the time required and the material needed. The activity is then presented using a step-by-step approach.

Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom

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Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780230272392
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (723 download)

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Book Synopsis Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom by : Graham Lock

Download or read book Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom written by Graham Lock and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A set of easy to use techniques helps students discover for themselves how grammar works in real world contexts and how grammatical choices are not just about form but about meaning. Sample teaching ideas, covering a wide range of grammatical topics including verb tense, voice, reference and the organization of texts, accompanies each procedure.

Teaching English Grammar to Speakers of Other Languages

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317442466
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching English Grammar to Speakers of Other Languages by : Eli Hinkel

Download or read book Teaching English Grammar to Speakers of Other Languages written by Eli Hinkel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical and research-based introduction to current and effective English grammar instruction gives pre-service and in-service teachers and teacher educators a strong foundation for teaching second language grammar and helps them develop their professional knowledge and skills. Written in a highly readable style for an international audience, it provides a thorough and rounded overview of the principles, strategies, techniques, and applications currently dominant in teaching L2 grammar in a range of instructional settings around the world. Chapter authors are world-class authorities in grammar and grammar teaching and learning. All chapters are based on theoretical frameworks and/or research foundations with a strong emphasis on practical applications and implications for classroom teaching, and highlight teaching methods, key concepts, and terminology associated with grammar instruction. Illuminating the options and choices in grammar teaching from a contemporary perspective, Teaching English Grammar to Speakers of Other Languages is ideal as key text for students in undergraduate and graduate MA-TESOL programs and as a resource for practicing ESL/EFL teachers, teacher educators, and teaching faculty.

A Kaleidoscope of Models and Strategies for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313090467
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis A Kaleidoscope of Models and Strategies for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages by : Deborah Norland Ph.D.

Download or read book A Kaleidoscope of Models and Strategies for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages written by Deborah Norland Ph.D. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by teachers for teachers, this is a practical introduction to models and strategies employed in the teaching of English language learners. Each chapter discusses several models and/or strategies by focusing on particular methods. It gives the background of the method's development, discusses practical examples and applications, provides possible caveats and modifications, and offers a list for further reading about the method. Written by teachers for teachers, this is a practical introduction to models and strategies employed in the teaching of English language learners. Each chapter discusses several models and/or strategies by focusing on particular methods. It gives the background of the method's development, discusses practical examples and applications, provides possible caveats and modifications, and offers a list for further reading about the method. The book is written to be of immediate use to classroom teachers but will also be valuable as a supplementary textbook. All methods discussed are currently being taught in Norland's classes and implemented through the student teaching program at Luther College. Strategies include: Grammar-based Approaches, The Silent Way, Experiential Language Learning, Literature-based Approach, Family Literacy, and many more. Grades K-12.

Dialogue Journal Writing with Nonnative English Speakers

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Publisher : Teachers of English to
ISBN 13 : 9780939791378
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Dialogue Journal Writing with Nonnative English Speakers by : Joy Kreeft Peyton

Download or read book Dialogue Journal Writing with Nonnative English Speakers written by Joy Kreeft Peyton and published by Teachers of English to. This book was released on 1990 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These materials address the use of dialogue journal writing in teaching speakers of English as a Second Language. Included is a handbook for teachers that provides background information and specific suggestions for classroom use, and an instructional packet for teachers and workshop leaders. The handbook contains chapters on: what constitutes a dialogue journal, including variations in format; the benefits of dialogue journal writing; using dialogue journals with students at various levels (beginning, intermediate, and advanced writers); specific procedures for starting journals; strategies for maintaining the student-teacher dialogue; and strategies for handling specific communication problems. An additional chapter profiles four individual student writers. Lists of resources and additional readings are appended. The instructional packet is intended for use in workshops on dialogue journal writing, and contains: an abstract for use in proposing such a workshop; simple guidelines for leading the workshop, including group activities; masters for over 30 overhead transparencies; sample student journal entries from elementary and secondary students, to which workshop participants can respond; handouts for workshop participants; and background information for the presenter. (MSE)

Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042951512X
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking by : Jonathan M. Newton

Download or read book Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking written by Jonathan M. Newton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide for teachers and teacher trainees provides a wealth of suggestions for helping learners at all levels of proficiency develop their listening and speaking skills and fluency, using a framework based on principles of teaching and learning. By following these suggestions, which are organised around four strands—meaning-focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning, and fluency development—teachers will be able to design and present a balanced programme for their students. Updated with cutting-edge research and theory, the second edition of Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking retains its hands-on focus and engaging format, and features new activities and information on emerging topics, including: Two new chapters on Extensive Listening and Teaching Using a Course Book Expanded coverage of key topics, including assessment, pronunciation, and using the internet to develop listening and speaking skills Easy-to-implement tasks and suggestions for further reading in every chapter More tools for preservice teachers and teacher trainers, such as a sample unit, a "survival syllabus", and topic prompts The second edition of this bestselling book is an essential text for all Certificate, Diploma, Masters, and Doctoral courses for teachers of English as a second or foreign language.

Dialogue Journals in the Multilingual Classroom

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Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Dialogue Journals in the Multilingual Classroom by : Joy Kreeft Peyton

Download or read book Dialogue Journals in the Multilingual Classroom written by Joy Kreeft Peyton and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1993 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the use of dialogue journals in classrooms with students from diverse language and cultural backgrounds whose proficiency with spoken and written English is limited. The companion volume to Dialogue Journal Communication (Ablex, 1988), it carefully describes, from a teacher's experience, how dialogue journal writing can be effectively implemented in the multilingual classroom, with practical tips for starting and maintaining the practice, exploiting the benefits, and avoiding the pitfalls. It presents a model of researchers working in close collaboration with teachers and shows the development in the journals of individual students, with extended examples of student and teacher writing so that teachers can see research results that are not hopelessly extracted from the context in which they were produced. At the same time, it has a strong research orientation.

But Does This Work With English Learners?

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Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1071814915
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis But Does This Work With English Learners? by : Mary Amanda Stewart

Download or read book But Does This Work With English Learners? written by Mary Amanda Stewart and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secondary ELA teachers, be excited: here at last is that crash course in utilizing the best of what we already know about teaching reading, writing, and language to ensure our English learners thrive. Take Penny Kittle and Donalyn Miller’s reader’s workshops. Take Kylene Beers and Robert Probst’s "signposts." Take the best writing techniques advanced by the National Writing Project. Take Jim Burke’s essential questions for life. Award-winning EL authorities Mandy Stewart and Holly Genova describe immediate adaptations you can put in place to simultaneously build your ELs’ language and literacy, while affirming their languages, cultures, and unique lived experiences. A rare blend of the humane and practical, But Does This Work with English Learners? is a book on how to leverage our ELs’ full linguistic repertoires in the ELA classroom, while remaining sensitive to those barriers that could restrict learning. With this book as your guide, you’ll learn how to: Look beyond the labels, and better understand the diversity of ELs, English language proficiency levels, and sociopolitical influences Teach and assess through reader’s workshop, recognizing where comprehensible input fits in and adapting recurring features like support, choice, conferencing, and academic conversations Teach and assess through writer’s workshops, including modifications to quick-writes, minilessons, conferencing, sharing, and more Teach through structures and community with classroom schedules and behavior norms, and activities like All About Me Paragraphs and Six Things You Need to Know About Me Listicles Embrace identity in inquiry cycles via research and family interviews, mentor texts and essays, pictorial autobiographies, memory paragraphs, and more Answer your own FAQs such as How do I teach students if I don’t know their language? What about grammar? How do I teach the grade-level ELA standards while I teach the language? "As you read this book," Mandy and Holly write, "our hope is that you will begin to see your students as multilinguals—people who already have language as well as a wealth of knowledge and are just adding English to that great repertoire." If you have even a single English learner in your classroom, we urge you to read this book and institute its practices. Right away! "Mandy Stewart and Holly Genova have given us a primer for the evolving complexities of our classroom melting pots, a map for navigating the murky waters of regulations, and most importantly, a recipe for opening our arms to children from all over the world. They welcome them with thoughts like ‘A foreign accent is a sign of bravery.’" ~Gretchen Bernabei, Coauthor of Fun-Sized Academic Writing for Serious Learning "After reading this book, I was left with the feeling that I learned something new on every page--something that I had previously either wondered about or struggled to understand. Mandy Stewart and Holly Genova are the guides we all need to help us understand and better address the needs of our English learners." ~Jim Burke, Author of The English Teacher’s Companion

Writing Instruction and Assessment for English Language Learners K-8

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Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 1606236679
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Writing Instruction and Assessment for English Language Learners K-8 by : Susan Lenski

Download or read book Writing Instruction and Assessment for English Language Learners K-8 written by Susan Lenski and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A 'must read' for all teachers of ELLs in mainstream and ESL classrooms...The book presents step-by-step ways to implement innovative methods and activities, emphasizing the importance of carefully planning instruction and creating a culture of collaboration in a school. I found the cross-cultural information about writing very important for understanding the interaction of native language and writing development in English."-Carla Paciotto, EdD, Western Illinois University --

The Practice of English Language Teaching

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781405853118
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (531 download)

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Book Synopsis The Practice of English Language Teaching by : Jeremy Harmer

Download or read book The Practice of English Language Teaching written by Jeremy Harmer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With stress 256 (3) Working with intonation 259 (3) Sounds and spelling 262 (1) Connected speech and fluency 263 (2) PART 7: LANGUAGE SKILLS Teaching Language Skills Skills together 265 (5) Input and output 266 (1) Integrating skills 266 (1) Language skills, language construction 267 (1) Integrating skill and language work 268 (2) Top-down and bottom-up 270 (1) Receptive skills 270 (5) A basic methodological model for teaching receptive skills 270 (2) The language issue 272 (2) Comprehension tasks 274 (1) Productive skills 275 (3) A basic methodological model for teaching productive skills 275 (1) Structuring discourse 276 (1) Interacting with an audience 277 (1) Dealing with difficulty 277 (1) The language issue 278 (1) Projects 278 (5) Managing projects 279 (1) A webquest project 280 (3) Reading Extensive and intensive reading 283 (5) Extensive reading 283 (3) Intensive reading: the roles of the teacher 286 (1) Intensive reading: the vocabulary question 286 (1) Intensive reading: letting the students in 287 (1) Reading lesson sequences 288 (15) Examples of reading sequences 288 (15) Listening Extensive and intensive listening 303 (5) Extensive listening 303 (1) Intensive listening: using audio material 304 (2) Who controls the recorded material? 306 (1) Intensive listening: `live’ listening 306 (1) Intensive listening: the roles of the teacher 307 (1) Film and video 308 (2) Viewing techniques 308 (1) Listening (and mixed) techniques 309 (1) Listening (and film) lesson sequences 310 (9) Examples of listening sequences 310 (9) The sound of music 319 (4) Writing Literacy 323 (2) Handwriting 323 (1) Spelling 324 (1) Layout and punctuation 325 (1) Approaches to student writing 325 (6) Process and product 325 (2) Genre 327 (1) Creative writing 328 (1) Writing as a cooperative activity 328 (1) Building the writing habit 329 (1) Writing-for-learning and writing-for-writing 330 (1) The roles of the teacher 330 (1) Writing lesson sequences 331 (9) Portfolios, journals, letters 340 (3) Speaking Elements of speaking 343 (2) Different speaking events 343 (1) Conversational strategies 343 (2) Functional language, adjacency pairs and fixed phrases 345 (1) Students and speaking 345 (3) Reluctant students 345 (2) The roles of the teacher 347 (1) Classroom speaking activities 348 (5) Acting from a script 348 (1) Communication games 349 (1) Discussion 350 (1) Prepared talks 351 (1) Questionnaires 352 (1) Simulation and role-play 352 (1) Speaking lesson sequences 353 (8) Making recordings 361 (3) Getting everyone involved 362 (2) PART 8: PLANNING AND SYLLABUSES Planning Lessons The planning paradox 364 (3) The planning continuum 365 (1) Using plans in class 365 (2) Pre-planning and planning 367 (8) Student needs 367 (1) Making the plan 368 (3) Making the plan formal: background elements 371 (3) Making the plan formal: describing procedure and materials 374 (1) Planning a sequence of lessons 375 (4) Projects and threads 377 (2) PART 9: EVALUATION Testing and Evaluation Testing and assessment 379 (2) Different types of testing 379 (2) Characteristics of a good test 381 (1) Types of test item 381 (5) Direct and indirect test items 381 (1) Indirect test item types 382 (2) Direct test item types 384 (2) Writing and marking tests 386 (3) Writing tests 386 (1) Marking tests 387 (2) Teaching for tests 389 (6) PART 10: LEARNER AUTONOMY AND TEACHER DEVELOPMENT Learner Autonomy: Learning to Learn Promoting autonomy 395 (1) Students and teachers 395 (1) Learner training, learner autonomy 396 (7) Thinking about learning 397 (2) Taking over 399 (1) Learning journals 400 (3) Forcing agency? 403 (1) The self-access centre (SAC) 403 (4) Characteristics of a good self-access centre 404 (2) Evaluating self-access resources 406 (1) After (and outside) the course 407 (3) Training students to continue learning 407 (3) What Teachers Do Next Reflection paths 410 (4) Keeping journals 411 (1) Negative and positive 411 (1) Recording ourselves 412 (1) Professional literature 413 (1) Action research 414 (4) Action research cycles 414 (1) Gathering data 415 (3) Developing with others 418 (4) Cooperative/collaborative development 418 (1) Peer teaching, peer observation 419 (2) Teachers’ groups 421 (1) Teachers’ associations 421 (1) The virtual community 422 (1) Moving outwards and sideways 422 (3) Learning by learning 423 (1) Supplementing teaching 423 (2) More training? 425 (1) Being well 425 (4) Bibliography 429 (9) DVD Contents and tasks 438 (4) Indexes (Subject and Author) 442