Implementation Of Aerodynamic Focusing And Dual Pulse Configuration To Improve Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Aerosol Particle Sampling Rates And Analyte Response

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Implementation of Aerodynamic Focusing and Dual-pulse Configuration to Improve Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Aerosol Particle Sampling Rates and Analyte Response

Author : Bret C. Windom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (659 download)

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Book Synopsis Implementation of Aerodynamic Focusing and Dual-pulse Configuration to Improve Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Aerosol Particle Sampling Rates and Analyte Response by : Bret C. Windom

Download or read book Implementation of Aerodynamic Focusing and Dual-pulse Configuration to Improve Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Aerosol Particle Sampling Rates and Analyte Response written by Bret C. Windom and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In consideration of the spectroscopic and transmission data, the plasma-analyte interactions realized with a dual-pulse methodology are explained in terms of the interaction with the initially expanding plasma, which differs between gaseous and particulate phase analytes. A particle-focusing lens is a way to reduce the cross-section of the flow and eject a narrow streamline of particles. This study focused on the notion that if a streamline of particles could be injected directly into the center of a laser-induced plasma by a particle lens, higher aerosol sampling rates and better analyte response could be achieved. Following all experiments and analysis, it was determined that a particle lens with exit cross-section diameter of 0.0295" showed a decrease in particle hit rates and an unchanged analyte response when compared to that of a 1/4" diameter standard thin walled tube. The average hit rates decreased about 75% with the particle lens and resulting analyte response of all individual hits for the two injection methods were nearly the same. The lower particle hit rate with the focusing lens was partially attributed to a reduction in particle transmission (as measured with a particle counter), while other effects such as changes in the effective plasma sampling volume were also considered.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author : Jagdish P. Singh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080551017
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by : Jagdish P. Singh

Download or read book Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-03 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is basically an emission spectroscopy technique where atoms and ions are primarily formed in their excited states as a result of interaction between a tightly focused laser beam and the material sample. The interaction between matter and high-density photons generates a plasma plume, which evolves with time and may eventually acquire thermodynamic equilibrium. One of the important features of this technique is that it does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas and biological materials (like teeth, leaf or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. The present book has been written by active specialists in this field, it includes the basic principles, the latest developments in instrumentation and the applications of LIBS . It will be useful to analytical chemists and spectroscopists as an important source of information and also to graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. * Recent research work* Possible future applications* LIBS Principles

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on Suspended Particulate Matter in an Electrodynamic Balance

Author : Richard A. Warren Jr.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (885 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on Suspended Particulate Matter in an Electrodynamic Balance by : Richard A. Warren Jr.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on Suspended Particulate Matter in an Electrodynamic Balance written by Richard A. Warren Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the two problems listed above: sample control issues and sources of signal variation, which limit analyte quantification. The electrodynamic balance, which has been used by previous researchers for optical characterization of aerosols7 is used here for LIBS measurements. This technique provides complete control of confined, charged aerosol particles. With this precise handling capability, consistent laser-particle and plasma-particle interactions are observed with both spectrally integrated / time resolved and time integrated / spectrally resolved detectors to provide details on the processes involved for micrometer sized charged aerosol particles.

Aerosol Measurements with Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author : Gregg Arthur Lithgow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Measurements with Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by : Gregg Arthur Lithgow

Download or read book Aerosol Measurements with Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Gregg Arthur Lithgow and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first application, LIBS is examined as a potential method for detecting airborne biological agents. Laboratory measurements of some common biological agent simulants are compared to those of common, naturally occurring biological aerosol components (pollen and fungal spores) to determine the potential of LIBS for discriminating biological agents from natural background aerosols. In the second application, metal species in ambient particulate matter were continuously monitored during a week-long field trial. Average and temporally resolved concentrations of seven metals were measured, and individual particles containing multiple species were detected.

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Gases and Aerosols

Author : Emily Mehgan Gibb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Gases and Aerosols by : Emily Mehgan Gibb

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Gases and Aerosols written by Emily Mehgan Gibb and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pulsed DF Chain-Laser Breakdown Induced by Maritime Aerosols

Author : S. T. Amimoto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Pulsed DF Chain-Laser Breakdown Induced by Maritime Aerosols by : S. T. Amimoto

Download or read book Pulsed DF Chain-Laser Breakdown Induced by Maritime Aerosols written by S. T. Amimoto and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thresholds for breakdown induced by liquid and solid aerosols in room air have been measured for a 1 microsec-duration pulsed D2-F2 laser of 3.58 -4.78 micron bandwidth. The DF laser beam was directed into an aerosol chamber that simulated maritime atmospheres on the open sea. Both focus and collimated beams were studied. For a focused beam in which the largest encountered aerosol particles were of 1 to 4 micron diameter, pulsed DF breakdown thresholds were measured to lie in the range 0.6 to 1.8 GW/sq cm. Salt-water aerosol breakdown thresholds for micron-size particles were found to be 15 to 30% higher than the corresponding thresholds for fresh-water particles. For a collimated beam that encountered particle diameters as large as 100 microns, breakdown could not be induced using 0.5- microsec (FWHM) pulses at peak intensities of 59 MW/sq cm. Image converter camera measurements of the radial plasma growth rate of 1.3 cm/microsec (at 1.4 GW/sq cm) were consistent with measurements of the cutoff rate of the transmitted laser beam. Pulsed DF breakdown thresholds of 32 MW/sq cm for 30- micron diameter Al2O3 particles were also measured to permit comparison with the earlier pulsed-HF breakdown results of Lencioni, et al.; the solid-particle threshold measurements agree with the Lencioni data if one assumes that the thresholds for microsecond-duration pulses scales is 1/lambda. An approximate theoretical model of the water particle breakdown process is presented that permits the scaling of the present results to other laser pulse durations, aerosol distributions, and transmission path lengths.

Effects of Temperature and Aerosol Content on Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Detection Limits

Author : Kyle F. Kratzsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Temperature and Aerosol Content on Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Detection Limits by : Kyle F. Kratzsch

Download or read book Effects of Temperature and Aerosol Content on Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Detection Limits written by Kyle F. Kratzsch and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (551 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by :

Download or read book Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Detection and Classification of Biological Aerosol Particles Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS

Author : Anders Larsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Detection and Classification of Biological Aerosol Particles Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS by : Anders Larsson

Download or read book Detection and Classification of Biological Aerosol Particles Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS written by Anders Larsson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Ultrashort and Dual Pulses

Author : Kristine Lynn Eland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (493 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Ultrashort and Dual Pulses by : Kristine Lynn Eland

Download or read book Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Ultrashort and Dual Pulses written by Kristine Lynn Eland and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author : Jagdish P. Singh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128188308
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by : Jagdish P. Singh

Download or read book Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition, covers the basic principles and latest developments in instrumentation and applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Written by active experts in the field, it serves as a useful resource for analytical chemists and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. This fully revised second edition includes several new chapters on new LIBS techniques as well as several new applications, including flame and off-gas measurement, pharmaceutical samples, defense applications, carbon sequestration and site monitoring, handheld instruments, and more. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. It does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas, and biological materials (like teeth, leaves, or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. This comprehensive reference introduces the topic to readers in a simple, direct, and accessible manner for easy comprehension and maximum utility. Covers even more applications of LIBS beyond the first edition, including combustion, soil physics, environment, and life sciences Includes new chapters on LIBS techniques that have emerged in the last several years, including Femtosecond LIBS and Molecular LIBS Provides inspiration for future developments in this rapidly growing field in the concluding chapter

Radioactive Aerosols

Author : Constantin Papastefanou
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080555985
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Radioactive Aerosols by : Constantin Papastefanou

Download or read book Radioactive Aerosols written by Constantin Papastefanou and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be attached to aerosol particles. The resulting radioactive aerosols are carried by atmospheric mixing processes until they settle out or are scavenged by precipitation. The radiation exposure pathway of maximum concern to humans is by inhalation of aerosols and their deposition in the respiratory tract. In this context, it is important to note that radioactive aerosols are commonly of natural origin alos. In particular, the associated radionuclides can be of natural terrestrial origin, such as the decay products of radon gas, or they can e cosmogenic, such as beryllium-7. The exposure of miners of uranium and other ores and minerals to radon and its aerosol-borne decay products is of major significance. The book describes the formation of aerosols, their aerodynamic size distribution, their atmospheric residence time, their sampling and measurement, the range of radioactive aerosols found and studied thus far, including man-made nuclides and radon decay products and their interaction with man, including deposition in the lung and subsequent health effects. Advanced level science handbook for researchers, scientists and academics Covers all aspects of radiation exposure in humans, including subsequent health implications Presents the latest findings and analysis in this highly topical area

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Author : Sergio Musazzi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642450857
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by : Sergio Musazzi

Download or read book Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Sergio Musazzi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) a widely used atomic emission spectroscopy technique for elemental analysis of materials. It is based on the use of a high-power, short pulse laser excitation. The book is divided into two main sections: the first one concerning theoretical aspects of the technique, the second one describing the state of the art in applications of the technique in different scientific/technological areas. Numerous examples of state of the art applications provide the readers an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique. The LIBS theoretical aspects are reviewed. The book helps the readers who are less familiar with the technique to understand the basic principles. Numerous examples of state of the art applications give an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique potentiality. These examples of applications may have a strong impact on future industrial utilization. The authors made important contributions to the development of this field.

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

Author : Michael F. L'Annunziata
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128143967
Total Pages : 1076 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis by : Michael F. L'Annunziata

Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-07 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis: Radiation Physics and Detectors, Volume One, and Radioanalytical Applications, Volume Two, Fourth Edition, constitute an authoritative reference on the principles, practical techniques and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity - everything from the very low levels encountered in the environment, to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities, and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. It includes sample preparation techniques for all types of matrices found in the environment, including soil, water, air, plant matter and animal tissue, and surface swipes.Users will find the latest advances in the applications of radioactivity analysis across various fields, including environmental monitoring, radiochemical standardization, high-resolution beta imaging, automated radiochemical separation, nuclear forensics, and more. Spans two volumes, Radiation Physics and Detectors and Radioanalytical Applications Includes a new chapter on the analysis of environmental radionuclides Provides the latest advances in the applications of liquid and solid scintillation analysis, alpha- and gamma spectrometry, mass spectrometric analysis, Cherenkov counting, flow-cell radionuclide analysis, radionuclide standardization, aerosol analysis, high-resolution beta imaging techniques, analytical techniques in nuclear forensics, and nuclear safeguards Describes the timesaving techniques of computer-controlled automatic separation and activity analysis of radionuclides Provides an extensive table of the radiation characteristics of most radionuclides of interest for the radioanalytical chemist

Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectroscopy

Author : John C. Travis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471576846
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectroscopy by : John C. Travis

Download or read book Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectroscopy written by John C. Travis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-19 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) is a type of optical spectrometrythat employs photoexcitation to ionize atoms selectively. Over thepast two decades, this method--originally known as the optogalvaniceffect--has been the object of extensive worldwide research and thesubject of numerous papers and published articles. Until now,however, no single volume has presented this wealth of theory anddata in a cohesive and accessible form. Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry fills this gap in theliterature. It synthesizes vast amounts of information previouslyavailable only through scattered research papers and covers everyaspect of the technology, from underlying principles and theory tomethodology and applications. This book examines the state of theart of LEI, compares it with other methods, and demonstrates howlaser-enhanced collisional ionization is especially well suited toanalytical atomic spectrometry. The contributors to this collaborative effort--from Russia,Australia, Europe, and the United States--clarify terminology,explain the inner workings of LEI, and offer derivations for bothidealized forms and realistic approximations. They also analyze thecapabilities and limitations of this technique as an analyticalmethod, including instrumentation, sources of noise, limits ofdetection, interferences, and applications. After concentrating largely on flame LEI as the most commonly usedmethod to derive LEI measurements, the discussion moves to thedevelopment of nonflame technologies for LEI. There is alsoextended coverage of the relationship between LEI and laser-inducedfluorescence, including an examination of the interplay oflaser-induced ionization and fluorescence techniques in differentatomic and molecular reservoirs. Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry places understanding,usefulness, and practical applications ahead of detailedderivations. For practicing analytical chemists andspectroscopists, it offers a clear and uncluttered approach to acomplex subject, as well as a fresh perspective on a still-emergingtechnology. This book sums up the present understanding and state of the art oflaser-enhanced ionization (LEI)-a unique but underutilized tool foranalytical atomic spectrometry. LEI possesses the special abilityto ionize atoms selectively. The text focuses on the role of thistechnology in analytical chemistry, and covers both theory andapplications in one complete, self-contained volume. Carefully crafted by leading experts from around the globe, withcontributions under six key headings, Laser-Enhanced IonizationSpectrometry * Draws on hundreds of research papers to create a comprehensivereference for LEI * Describes in depth how ions are produced, and how a signal isgenerated and detected * Provides an extensive and up-to-date compilation of published LEIdetection limits * Emphasizes basic understanding and practical applications ratherthan detailed derivations * Discusses terms and definitions and clears up sources ofconfusion in the field * Offers up-to-date coverage of instrumentation and applications * Evaluates the usefulness of LEI as an analytical tool * Deals with questions of limits of detection, interference, andnoise * Devotes an entire segment to nonflame technologies for LEI * Extends the discussion to fluorescence techniques and how theycan be interrelated with LEI in various atomic and molecularreservoirs

Air Pollution

Author : Bhola R. Gurjar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439809631
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution by : Bhola R. Gurjar

Download or read book Air Pollution written by Bhola R. Gurjar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I

Dictionary of Industrial Terms

Author : Michael D. Holloway
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118589092
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictionary of Industrial Terms by : Michael D. Holloway

Download or read book Dictionary of Industrial Terms written by Michael D. Holloway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-07 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive dictionary of maintenance and reliability terms ever compiled, covering the process, manufacturing, and other related industries, every major area of engineering used in industry, and more. The over 15,000 entries are all alphabetically arranged and include special features to encourage usage and understanding. They are supplemented by hundreds of figures and tables that clearly demonstrate the principles & concepts behind important process control, instrumentation, reliability, machinery, asset management, lubrication, corrosion, and much much more. With contributions by leading researchers in the field: Zaki Yamani Bin Zakaria Department, Chemical Engineering, Faculty Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Prof. Jelenka B. Savkovic-Stevanovic, Chemical Engineering Dept, University of Belgrade, Serbia Jim Drago, PE, Garlock an EnPro Industries family of companies, USA Robert Perez, President of Pumpcalcs, USA Luiz Alberto Verri, Independent Consultatnt, Verri Veritatis Consultoria, Brasil Matt Tones, Garlock an EnPro Industries family of companies, USA Dr. Reza Javaherdashti, formerly with Qatar University, Doha-Qatar Prof. Semra Bilgic, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ankara University, Turkey Dr. Mazura Jusoh , Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jayesh Ramesh Tekchandaney, Unique Mixers and Furnaces Pvt. Ltd. Dr. Henry Tan, Senior Lecturer in Safety & Reliability Engineering, and Subsea Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen Fiddoson Fiddo, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen Prof. Roy Johnsen, NTNU, Norway Prof. N. Sitaram , Thermal Turbomachines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai India Ghazaleh Mohammadali, IranOilGas Network Members' Services Greg Livelli, ABB Instrumentation, Warminster, Pennsylvania, USA Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA)