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Impacts Of Eu Trade Agreements On The Agricultural Sector
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Book Synopsis Impacts of EU Trade Agreements on the Agricultural Sector by :
Download or read book Impacts of EU Trade Agreements on the Agricultural Sector written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we have analysed the EU’s trade agreements on the basis of trade agreements with different characteristics: The trade agreements of the EU with Mexico ("first generation" trade agreement), South Korea (new generation Deep and Comprehensive Trade Agreement DCFTA) and Switzerland (specific sectorial agreements). The purpose was to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts of the agreements and to identify the main factors that have fostered and impeded the development of EU agri-food trade. To this end, we have collected data on global bilateral trade before and after the trade agreements entered into force on a detailed product level. We have also collected data on the preferential access granted by the trade agreements. We use a triple-difference model that controls for a range of factors that influence bilateral trade between the trading partners, and the model thus estimates the isolated impact of the agreements. We supplement the quantitative analysis with five case studies (Danish pigmeat exports to South Korea, Polish sugar confectionary exports to South Korea, French wine exports to Mexico, EU citrus fruits imports from Mexico and German cheese exports to Switzerland) to get insights into the broader impacts of the agreements on actors of the agri-food supply chain. Overall, the analysis finds that the trade agreements with Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland have increased EU agri-food exports by more than 1 bn. EUR and raised value added in the agri-food sector by 600 mn. EUR. The increased exports have supported almost 20,000 jobs in the agri-food sector, of which 13,700 jobs are in primary agriculture. There have also been benefits to other actors in the agri-food supply chain. Value added in other sectors has increased by more than 400 mn. EUR and an additional 7,700 jobs in the EU have been supported by the agreements. Most of these jobs are in wholesale and retail trade and in other business activities related to agri-food production and export. The trade agreements have also increased EU imports and given EU consumers access to agri-food products at lower prices. When production in the EU increases, CO2 emissions in the EU also increase. For a given level of consumption, this production replaces production in the trading partner or a third country, and the total environmental impact will depend on the environmental efficiency in the EU relative to this country as well as the environmental costs of transportation. The analysis shows that the trade agreements have ensured that EU exporters compete on more equal terms against exporters from third countries. An important lesson from this is that, looking ahead, continuously benchmarking of third countries’ trade negotiations with main EU trading partners and an efficient trade negotiation process with limited delays can lower the risk of foregone trade with other trading partners. Rising protectionism both in the EU and in main trading partners may limit trade in the future and hinder negotiations of new trade agreements. It is therefore important to continuously evaluate the impacts of existing trade agreements and use the results to engage in public debate about the pros and cons of trade liberalisation. It is also important to keep in mind that impacts differ across member states and sectors, and aggregate EU impacts may hide large disparities across individual actors in the EU agri-food supply chain.
Book Synopsis Trade Agreements, Multifunctionality and EU Agriculture by : Eleni Kaditi
Download or read book Trade Agreements, Multifunctionality and EU Agriculture written by Eleni Kaditi and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2006 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the result of research and exchange activities within the European Network of Agricultural and Rural Policy Research Institutes (ENARPRI). It synthesizes various analyses related to EU agricultural policies, trade agreements, and the issue of multifunctionality. The book focuses on the impact of regional, bilateral, and multilateral trade agreements that the EU has concluded or is in the process of negotiating, as well as on the interaction between EU policies and trade agreements, in the context of multifunctionality and sustainable development. Most of the trade agreements examined are extremely complex and impact not only efficiency and growth, but also income and welfare distribution within the EU. Special attention is given to the effects of possible WTO negotiation outcomes on the EU and third countries, as well as on the impact of the EuroMed trade proposals and agreements on trade flows and economic development of the EU's trading partners in the Mediterranean.
Book Synopsis The pursuit of sustainable agriculture in EU free trade agreements by : Luchino Ferraris
Download or read book The pursuit of sustainable agriculture in EU free trade agreements written by Luchino Ferraris and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the extent to which EU Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) pursue sustainable agriculture in third country parties. It contends that this should be part of a duty for the EU enshrined in the Treaties to promote its fundamental values in its external action. It suggests that the extent to which this occurs in practice, may be reviewed judicially by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Against this background, selected agreements concluded by the EU with developed and developing countries (Canada, South Korea, Ukraine, Chile, SADC countries and Vietnam) are taken as case studies. The author concludes that, in spite of the remarkable progress made hitherto, EU trade policy is still far from being in line with the increasingly strong commitment of the EU to take the lead in the international arena for environmental and climate matters. This work adopts primarily a legal methodology, but it broaches the subject in interdisciplinary terms. It is addressed not only to (EU) policy-makers, but also to scholars of different fields and to the wider public interested in topics that have become of common concern for the future of our planet. With a foreword by Daniel Calleja Crespo, Director General of the European Commission - DG Environment
Book Synopsis Ideas, Institutions, and Trade by : Carsten Daugbjerg
Download or read book Ideas, Institutions, and Trade written by Carsten Daugbjerg and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture has a small, and declining, importance in employment and income generation within the EU, but a political importance well beyond its economic impact. The EU's common agricultural policy (CAP) has often been the source of conflict between the EU and its trade partners within first the GATT, and then the WTO. In the Doha Round agriculture was again a sticking point, resulting in setbacks and delays. The position of the EU is pivotal. Due to the comparatively limited competitiveness of the EU's agricultural sector, and the EU's institutionally constrained ability to undertake CAP reform, the CAP sets limits for agricultural trade liberalization blocking progress across the full compass of the WTO agenda. Therefore, the farm trade negotiation, with the CAP at its core, is the key to understanding the dynamics of trade rounds in the WTO. The book, written by a political scientist and an agricultural economist, applies theory on ideas to explain how the agricultural sector came to be included in the Single Undertaking that resulted in the Uruguay Round agreements, and how this led to a dynamic interplay between CAP reform and the possibility of further agricultural trade liberalization within the WTO, thereby providing useful insights into international trade relations.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Free Trade Agreements on Trade in Goods in the Agricultural Sector of the Republic of Korea. The KORUS FTA and the KOREU FTA by : Alexander Schmid
Download or read book The Impact of Free Trade Agreements on Trade in Goods in the Agricultural Sector of the Republic of Korea. The KORUS FTA and the KOREU FTA written by Alexander Schmid and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-01-11 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 2,0, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Chair of International Finance), course: Bachelorseminar: Trade Policy: Topics in Trade Policy, language: English, abstract: Over the last twenty years South Korea has signed several free trade agreements, including one with the U.S. in 2007 and one with the E.U. in 2010, which include tariff reductions. This thesis examines the impact of tariff reductions through free trade agreements on the value of imports of a single product representative for the agricultural sector through several regression analyses using a Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator. Besides the two exporters of interest, the European Union and the United States, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Australia complement the data set as reference value. This study starts with a literature review on existing literature on the two free trade agreements and the effects of free trade on the agricultural economy. In chapter three an independent investigation is conducted explaining the background to the two free trade agreements and, more generally, the effects of trade liberalization on the agricultural sector. The following chapter describes the course of the investigation with the explanation of the operational variables and the data using descriptive statistics. The data is used in an estimation model to evaluate the effect of a reduction of tariff rates according to an agreement on the value of imports. The individual components of the estimation model are explained in more detail, followed by a presentation of the results of the estimation using the STATA statistics program. The last chapter concludes the whole investigation, together with considerations on possible further studies of this topic.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium by : Andrew D O'Rourke
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium written by Andrew D O'Rourke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-15 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Face the challenge of change in the global agricultural trade market! This insightful book presents a comprehensive overview of the trade situation facing agriculture in the 21st century. This esteemed collection of the field?s foremost researchers evaluates anticipated changes to the agricultural trade market and the competitiveness of commodities and products resulting from existing and potential international policies. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium provides an in-depth understanding of multilateral trade negotiations (past, present, and future) and the impact of regionalism on agricultural trade. It also analyzes trade issues specific to individual commodities, such as rice, wheat, and cotton. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium consolidates essential trade research into a one-of-a-kind reference source for economists, academics, and agriculture professionals. The book provides a detailed overview of current and potential trade situations, divided into three concise sections: key issues influencing trade negotiations from the perspective of developed and developing countries and the environment; commodity trade and trade policy issues concerning competitiveness and the international policy environment for coarse grains, cotton, rice, sugar, and wheat; and general issues related to multilateral and regional trade agreements, including policy tools within the World Trade Organization, anti-dumping actions, regionalism, price volatility, and the macroeconomic effects of trade liberalization. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium examines: key issues influencing trade negotiations commodity trade and trade policy issues issues and concerns related to multilateral and regional trade negotiations challenges facing trade policy prospects for the agricultural sector in the new millennium With international policy issues like the WTO’s Millennium Round and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) in negotiation and a new United States farm bill pending, Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium provides much-needed textbook analysis by expert researchers. This vital book will keep you in touch with current trade negotiations and policy decisions that are certain to hold major implications for the agricultural sector.
Book Synopsis Cumulative Economic Impact of Trade Agreements on EU Agriculture by :
Download or read book Cumulative Economic Impact of Trade Agreements on EU Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report investigates the potential effects of 12 free trade agreements (FTAs) under the current EU trade agenda. For this, it quantifies the cumulated sectoral impacts in terms of bilateral trade, production, demand, and price developments. Moreover, it provides insights on the evolution of supply, demand, and farm-gate prices for the most relevant EU agricultural commodity markets. In contrast to a forecast exercise, this analysis compares two variants of a trade liberalisation scenario (conservative and ambitious) to a business-as-usual (baseline) situation in 2030. The study confirms that the analysed free trade agreements have the potential to benefit the EU agri-food sector when considered simultaneously. It also highlights the vulnerability of the beef, sheep meat, poultry, sugar, and rice sectors.
Book Synopsis The European Union's Trade Policies and their Economic Effects by : OECD
Download or read book The European Union's Trade Policies and their Economic Effects written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2000-11-20 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book retraces the Communities external liberalisation efforts, and discusses, where relevant, the repercussions of internal liberalisation on foreign competitors.
Book Synopsis Regional and International Trade Policy by : Csaba Csáki
Download or read book Regional and International Trade Policy written by Csaba Csáki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With appropriate preparation and policies, the enlargement of the European Union (EU) will result in a broader and higher-level integration of European agriculture, create an environment more conducive to further liberalization of global agricultural trade, and lead to further opening of European markets.As part of the World Bank's Strategic Compact Initiative, the Bank has coordinated activities to help the ten EU accession countries achieve EU membership. These activities include the preparation of studies to facilitate implementation of necessary reforms and sponsoring seminars and workshops to disseminate and analyze the results. This volume presents the major papers and summaries of one of the Workshop deliberations. This volume includes the following topics: • lessons learned from other regional agricultural trade agreements • the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) • an analysis of the economic impact of trade flows • the harmonization of agricultural policies within trade agreements • the implications of the external trade environment for the accession countries • the role of sanitary and phytosanitary trade rule in EU accession • quantifying the incentive and farm income effects of agricultural support policies in transition economies • major challenges to agricultural input regulation and trade during transition and EU accession • concluding comments by the World Bank.
Book Synopsis European Agriculture by : Brian Gardner
Download or read book European Agriculture written by Brian Gardner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is central to both economic and environmental developments in Europe. But with the advent of new environmental legislation and political change in Europe the CAP faces increasing pressure to reform. European Agriculture provides a comprehensive breakdown of the workings of the CAP and its impact on farming in Europe. The author discusses every aspect of European agricultural policy, production and trade, from environmental contraints and the impact of biotechnology, to the role of European farming in the world food supply system. Posing direct questions about the recent 1992 agricultural reform, the 1994 GATT agreement and the reasons for the expensive continuation of the CAP, European Agriculture analyses the economic, political and environmental implications of pursuing present farming policy and provides a provocative commentary on the agricultural future of Europe.
Book Synopsis Europe and World Trade by : Klaus Heidensohn
Download or read book Europe and World Trade written by Klaus Heidensohn and published by Pinter Publishers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an invaluable resource for students, professionals and policy-makers in the fields of economics, business and European studies. Europe has emerged as the most powerful world trader, and the EU as the most powerful economic grouping within the new Europe. This comprehensive, accessible volume deals with all aspects of Europe and world trade including the Single European Market and its trade implications; the EU's trade with the rest of Europe; issues arising from EU enlargement; Europe's trade links with Japan and the United States; Trade between the EU and the economies of the developing world and the newly industrialised countries; and Europe within the world trading system: GATT/WTO: the Uruguay round and its outcome; future agendas of multilateral trade negotiations; environmental issues; protectionism versus liberalisation.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Conflicts And Gatt by : Giovanni Anania
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Conflicts And Gatt written by Giovanni Anania and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural trade, always a source of international friction, will remain a contentious issue in the years to come. The GATT agreement achieved only partial trade liberalization; recognizing this, the agreement calls for a continuation of the negotiation process to achieve the long-run goal of a “substantial reduction in agricultural support and protection.†In any case, it is clear that U.S.-European Union (EU) agricultural trade relations will remain central to any future negotiation. In this volume, leading experts present a comprehensive set of analyses of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict. The discussions provide a unique perspective on the U.S.-EU agricultural trade confrontation in recent years and offer insights into both the final GATT agreement and forthcoming agricultural issues. Presenting a broad historical context, the book focuses on changes in U.S. and European trade and agricultural policies, looking at the implications of these changes for bilateral relations and global agricultural markets. Providing U.S., EU, and third-party perspectives, the contributors analyze the negotiation process in the Uruguay Round of the GATT. Finally, the book explores several additional dimensions of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict, including the consequences of the EU integration and enlargement processes, the environmental impact of the Union’s agricultural policies, and the mechanisms and forces that determine agricultural policy formation in both the United States and in Europe.
Book Synopsis The Trade Policy of the European Union by : Sieglinde Gstöhl
Download or read book The Trade Policy of the European Union written by Sieglinde Gstöhl and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and clearly written textbook offers a long-awaited introduction to the trade policy of the European Union, the world's largest trading entity. Gstöhl and De Bièvre provide a comprehensive assessment of the common commercial policy, its relationship with other policies, like development policy, and of the EU's multi-level policy-making and international bargaining in this area. As well as providing a broad overview of the nature and development of the EU's trade policy, the authors analyse how relevant institutions and decision-making processes are organized and how this set-up fosters particular policy outcomes. Gstöhl and De Bièvre show how the thorough and critical study of EU trade policy can be conducted from an interdisciplinary viewpoint, enabling the student to tackle the ever-evolving political, economic, and legal questions that arise. Given the accessible writing, this book is recommended for both undergraduate and Master's students studying the EU and Europe in their Politics, International Relations, Economics or Law degrees, as well as those focusing on international trade policy.
Book Synopsis The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies by : Luca De Benedictis
Download or read book The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies written by Luca De Benedictis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book investigates the EU preferential trade policy and, in particular, the impact it had on trade flows from developing countries. It shows that the capability of the "trade as aid" model to deliver its expected benefits to these countries crucially differs between preferential schemes and sectors. The book takes an eclectic but rigorous approach to the econometric analysis by combining different specifications of the gravity model. An in-depth presentation of the gravity model is also included, providing significant insights into the distinctive features of this technique and its state-of-art implementation. The evidence produced in the book is extensively applied to the analysis of the EU preferential policies with substantial suggestions for future improvement. Additional electronic material to replicate the book's analysis (datasets and Gams and Stata 9.0 routines) can be found in the Extra Materials menu on the website of the book.
Book Synopsis The International Policy Environment for Agricultural Trade Negotiations by : William M. Miner
Download or read book The International Policy Environment for Agricultural Trade Negotiations written by William M. Miner and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the following set of determinants to assess their likely impacts on the international agricultural trade agenda: the dynamics of World Trade Organization (WTO) implementation of existing agreements; the influence of WTO accession negotiations, and the role of new members; the ongoing reforms of national and agricultural policies; the effects of regional economic integration; the role of new groupings and coalitions; and the emergence of new trade-related issues. The report discusses these elements in the context of the broader trends that define the shape and direction of the international policy environment. These trends include globalization, structural change in agri-food markets and industries, and the particular supply and demand situation for agri-food products.
Book Synopsis Negotiating the Future of Agricultural Policies:Agricultural Trade and the Millennium WTO Round by : Sanoussi Bilal
Download or read book Negotiating the Future of Agricultural Policies:Agricultural Trade and the Millennium WTO Round written by Sanoussi Bilal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-10-24 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the conclusion of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture in 1994, agriculture has for the first time been integrated into world trade rules and disciplines. WTO Members have made a commitment to continue the reform process initiated during the Uruguay Round by starting new WTO negotiations on agriculture by 2000. This book combines academic analysis with practical expertise to discuss, in an accessible and systematic way, some of the principal aspects of these agricultural negotiations, and aims to make recommendations for viable and successful negotiating positions in the new WTO talks on agricultural trade. Several expert articles outline the historical and political background of previous negotiations and policy developments in agricultural trade. Others provide an overview of the key issues for the new round of negotiations, including: the Common Agricultural Policy reform in view of the Millennium Round objectives and future enlargement of the European Union; the prospects for negotiations in the areas of market access and export subsidies; and aspects of primary importance for the future of international agricultural trade such as food safety and quality standards, environmental and animal welfare considerations, and issues under dispute in the WTO. The positions of leading actors in the new round of negotiations, including major countries (Japan and the United States), groups of countries (the European Union, the Cairns Group and net food-importing countries) and European farmers are also presented.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policy by : Timothy Edward Josling
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy written by Timothy Edward Josling and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1998 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round trade negotiations marked a historic turning point in the reform of agricultural trade. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) replaced nontariff barriers with bound tariffs, curbed export subsidies, and codified domestic agricultural programs. Unfortunately, the URAA bound many of the tariffs that replaced nontariff barriers too high, it legitimized export subsidies, and it left the domestic farm policies of the major industrial countries largely untouched. Fortunately, regional trade institutions have also begun to grapple with agricultural trade liberalization. Agriculture was featured in the Mercosur agreement, in recent agreements between the European Union and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and in the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). Plans for broad supraregional trade structures, such as the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), have also dealt with the inclusion of agricultural trade. Meanwhile, in developing and middle-income countries, unilateral agricultural policy reforms have been part of recent economic policy changes. However, in the industrial countries, agricultural policy reform has languished in the face of much domestic opposition. But the reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1992 and the 1996 Farm Bill in the United States seems to have ushered in a new era of relations between government and agricultural groups. The author points out ways that multilateral, regional, and unilateral paths could be coordinated to liberalized agricultural trade. He proposes a set of multilateral talks that would benefit from agricultural reform at all levels and complete the job begun at the Uruguay Round.
