Impact Of Input Ground Motions And Site Variability On Seismic Site Response

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Impact of Input Ground Motions and Site Variability on Seismic Site Response

Author : Albert Richard Kottke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Input Ground Motions and Site Variability on Seismic Site Response by : Albert Richard Kottke

Download or read book Impact of Input Ground Motions and Site Variability on Seismic Site Response written by Albert Richard Kottke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic site response analysis allows an engineer to assess the effect of local soil conditions on the ground motions expected during an earthquake. In seismic site response analysis, an input ground motion on rock is propagated through a site specific soil column. The computed response at the surface is dependent on both the input ground motion and the soil properties that characterize the site. However, there is uncertainty in both the input ground motion and the soil properties, as well as natural variability in the soil properties across a site. To account for the uncertainty in the input ground motions, engineers use a suite of motions that are selected and scaled to fit a scenario input motion. This study introduces a semi-automated method to select and scale the input motions to fit a target input motion and its variability. The proposed method is intended to replace tedious trials of combinations by hand with combinations performed by a computer. However, as in the traditional selection methods, the final selection of the combination is done by the engineer.The effect of the selected ground motion combination on the computed surface response spectrum from the site response analysis, and its variability, was investigated in this study. The results show by using a combination with as few as five motions, the median surface response spectrum can be predicted with an error of 10%. Additionally, the manner used to scale the input motions does not impact the accuracy of the median surface response spectrum, as long as the median response spectrum of the input combination agrees with the target input response spectrum. However, if the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum is to be considered (e.g., to develop median plus one standard deviation spectra), a input combination of at least 20 motions is recommended and the combination must be scaled such that the standard deviation of the input combination matches the standard deviation of the input target spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess the impact of soil property variability on surface spectra computed by seismic site response. The results from this study indicate that by accounting for the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile of a site can cause a significant decrease in the median surface response spectrum, as well as a slight increase in the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum at periods less than the site period. By considering the variability of the nonlinear properties (shear modulus reduction and damping ratio) the median response spectrum decreased only slightly, but the standard deviation increased in a manner similar to the increase observed when considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile. Simultaneously considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity profile and nonlinear properties resulted in a median surface response spectrumsimilar to the median surface response spectrumcomputed with considering the variability of the shear-wave velocity alone. However, the standard deviation of the surface response spectrum was larger than the standard deviation computed by independent consideration of the variability of the shear-wave velocity or nonlinear properties.

Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions

Author : Neven Matasovic
Publisher : Transportation Research Board National Research
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions by : Neven Matasovic

Download or read book Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions written by Neven Matasovic and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 428: Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions identifies and describes current practice and available methods for evaluating the influence of local ground conditions on earthquake design ground motions on a site-specific basis.

Observation-Informed Methodologies for Site Response Characterization in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis

Author : Kioumars Afshari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Observation-Informed Methodologies for Site Response Characterization in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis by : Kioumars Afshari

Download or read book Observation-Informed Methodologies for Site Response Characterization in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by Kioumars Afshari and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we study the effects of site response on earthquake ground motions, the uncertainty in site response, and incorporating site response in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. We introduced a guideline for evaluation of non-ergodic (site-specific) site response using (a) observations from available recorded data at the site, (b) simulations from one-dimensional ground response analysis, or (c) a combination of both. Using non-ergodic site response is expected to be an improvement in comparison to using an ergodic model which is based on the average of a global dataset conditional on site parameters used in ground motion models. The improvement in prediction when using non-ergodic analysis results in the removal of site-to-site variability which is a part of the uncertainty in ground motion prediction. The site-to-site variability is evaluated by partitioning the residuals to different sources of variability. We illustrate application of these procedures for evaluating non-ergodic site response, and use examples to show how the reduction in site response uncertainty results in less hazard for long return periods. We utilize a dataset of recordings from vertical array sites in California in order to study the effectiveness of one-dimensional ground response analysis in predicting site response. We use the California dataset for comparing the performance of linear ground response analysis to similar studies on a dataset from vertical arrays in Japan. We use surface/downhole transfer functions and amplification of pseudo-spectral acceleration to study the site response in vertical arrays. For performing linear site response analysis for the sites, we use three alternatives for small-strain soil damping namely (a) empirical models for laboratory-based soil damping; (b) an empirical model based on shear wave velocity for estimating rock quality factor; and (c) estimating damping using the difference between the spectral decay ( ) at the surface and downhole. The site response transfer functions show a better fit for California sites in comparison to the similar results on Japan. The better fit is due to different geological conditions at California and Japan vertical array sites, as well as the difference in the quality of data for the two regions. We use pseudo-spectral acceleration residuals to study the bias and dispersion of ground response analysis predictions. The results of our study shows geotechnical models for lab-based damping provide unbiased estimates of site response for most spectral periods. In addition, the between- and within-site variability of the residuals do not show a considerable regional between California and Japan vertical arrays. In another part of this dissertation, we develop ground motion models for median and standard deviation of the significant duration of earthquake ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The model predicts significant durations for 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% of the normalized Arias intensity, and is developed using NGA-West2 database with M3.0-7.9 events. We select recordings based on the criteria used for developing ground motion models for amplitude parameters as well as a new methodology for excluding recordings affected by noise. The model includes an M-dependent source duration term that also depends on focal mechanism. At small M, the data suggest approximately M-independent source durations that are close to 1 sec. The increase of source durations with M is slower over the range M5 to 7.2-7.4 than for larger magnitudes. We adopt an additive path term with breaks in distance scaling at 10 and 50 km. We include site terms that increase duration for decreasing VS30 and increasing basin depth. Our aleatory variability model captures decreasing between- and within-event standard deviation terms with increasing M. We use the model for validating the duration of ground motion time series produced by simulation routines implemented on the SCEC Broadband Platform. This validation is based on comparisons of median and standard deviation of simulated durations for five California events, and their trends with magnitude and distance, with our model for duration. Some misfits are observed in the median and dispersion of durations from simulated motions and their trend with magnitude and distance. Understanding the source of these misfits can help guide future improvements in the simulation routines.

Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets

Author : Yoshifumi Yamamoto
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets by : Yoshifumi Yamamoto

Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thr´ainsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.

Seismic Site Response Analysis Considering Ground Motion Variability and Site Property Variability

Author : Sen Long
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (794 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Site Response Analysis Considering Ground Motion Variability and Site Property Variability by : Sen Long

Download or read book Seismic Site Response Analysis Considering Ground Motion Variability and Site Property Variability written by Sen Long and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Measuring, Modeling and Predicting the Seismic Site Effect

Author : Yefei Ren
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832540090
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring, Modeling and Predicting the Seismic Site Effect by : Yefei Ren

Download or read book Measuring, Modeling and Predicting the Seismic Site Effect written by Yefei Ren and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recognized universally by both seismology and earthquake engineering communities, the amplitude and frequency content of ground motions are influenced by local site effects, including the effects of near-surface geologic materials, surface topographic and basin effects, and so on. Strong linkage between seismic site effect and earthquake damage has been commonly demonstrated from many past earthquakes. Therefore, quantitative and reliable evaluation of the seismic site effect is one of the crucial aspects in seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation. With the significant advancement of modern seismic monitoring networks and arrays, huge amounts of high-quality seismic records are now being accumulated. This encourages us to measure the site responses and its associated uncertainty for selected seismic stations by some record-dependent approaches, such as horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) measurements, generalized spectral inversion (GIT) methods, etc. Machine learning techniques also show significant promise in characterization of the near-surface geologic properties and prediction of site response. These data-driven approaches help us to better understand the physics of spatial and temporal variabilities of ground motions. Due to more and more site-specific data being captured, invoking non-ergodic assumptions in seismic response analysis has recently been a topic of great interest in the community. For specific site response analysis, numerical simulations are carried out to model the dynamic process of seismic waves propagating and scattering in the subsurface strata. With development of modeling capacity, great efforts have been taken to evaluate quantitatively the complex 2D and 3D effects on seismic site response.

Modeling Multidimensional and Multi-scale Seismic Site Response Using a Data-driven 3D Vs Model

Author : Mohamad Mahdi Hallal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Multidimensional and Multi-scale Seismic Site Response Using a Data-driven 3D Vs Model by : Mohamad Mahdi Hallal

Download or read book Modeling Multidimensional and Multi-scale Seismic Site Response Using a Data-driven 3D Vs Model written by Mohamad Mahdi Hallal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsurface spatial variability is known to significantly influence the frequency content and amplitude of seismic ground shaking. A significant amount of seismic site response research over the past decade has focused on our abilities to replicate recorded ground motions at borehole array sites, where both the input (rock) and output (surface) ground motions are known. When viewed in aggregate, these studies have found that approximately 50% of borehole array sites are poorly modeled using one-dimensional (1D) ground response analyses (GRAs) based on a single shear wave velocity (Vs) profile, with individual studies reporting values between approximately 30-80%. When 1D GRAs fail to accurately predict recorded site response, the site is often considered too complex to be effectively modeled as 1D. While three-dimensional (3D) numerical GRAs are possible and believed to be more accurate, there is rarely a 3D subsurface model available for these analyses. The lack of affordable and reliable site characterization methods to quantify spatial variability in subsurface conditions, particularly regarding Vs measurements needed for GRAs, has pushed researchers to adopt stochastic approaches, such as Vs randomization and spatially correlated random fields. However, these stochastically generated models require the assumption of generic, or guessed, input parameters, introducing significant uncertainties into the site response predictions. This research describes a new geostatistical approach that can be used for building pseudo-3D Vs models as a means to rationally account for spatial variability in GRAs, increase model accuracy, and reduce uncertainty. The proposed approach distinguishes itself from previous studies in three key ways: (1) it requires only a single, accurately measured Vs profile down to engineering bedrock, (2) it relies majorly on estimates of fundamental site frequency (f0; a key parameter governing site effects) obtained from simple horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (H/V) noise measurements (f0,[subscript H/V]), and (3) it creates models that can be used to ensure proper incorporation of site-specific spatial variability in 1D, 2D, and 3D GRAs. At the two sites investigated in this research, the H/V geostatistical approach is capable of generating pseudo-3D Vs models that reliably capture important subsurface features present in geologic cross-sections. Furthermore, the 1D GRA predictions associated with the H/V geostatistical approach were more accurate than those associated with common and recently proposed strategies of accounting for Vs variability. One of the most significant contributions of this research is providing insights on the lateral area influencing seismic site response. The H/V geostatistical approach enables predicting site response as a function of the spatial variability across different footprints. The results show that 1D GRAs are significantly improved when an area of at least 400 m x 400 m (i.e., 0.16 km2) is incorporated, and even larger incorporated areas could produce better results. Thus, this size of an area might be considered as a minimum over which to account for spatial variability in GRAs. These results are supported by two-dimensional (2D) GRAs, which show that incorporating variability along at least 600 m was needed to appropriately model decreased amplification at the fundamental mode caused by wave scattering, while a lateral extent of 1700 m was needed to more accurately model other observed complex phenomena. These results and insights work toward achieving more accurate and reliable seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation

Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation

Author : Tom Schanz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048126975
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation by : Tom Schanz

Download or read book Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation written by Tom Schanz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation Borovets, Bulgaria 30 August - 3 September 2008

Nonlinear Effects in Ground Motion Simulations

Author : Wei Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonlinear Effects in Ground Motion Simulations by : Wei Li

Download or read book Nonlinear Effects in Ground Motion Simulations written by Wei Li and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While site effects are accounted for in most modern U.S. seismic design codes for building structures, there exist no standardized procedures for the computationally efficient integration of nonlinear ground response analyses in broadband ground motion simulations. In turn, the lack of a unified methodology affects the prediction accuracy of site-specific ground motion intensity measures, the evaluation of site amplification factors when broadband simulations are used for the development of hybrid attenuation relations and the estimation of inelastic structural performance when strong motion records are used as input in aseismic structural design procedures. In this study, a set of criteria is established, which quantifies how strong nonlinear effects are anticipated to manifest at a site by investigating the empirical relation between nonlinear soil response, soil properties, and ground motion characteristics. More specifically, the modeling variability and parametric uncertainty of nonlinear soil response predictions are studied, along with the uncertainty propagation of site response analyses to the estimation of inelastic structural performance. Due to the scarcity of design level ground motion recording, the geotechnical information at 24 downhole arrays is used and the profiles are subjected to broadband ground motion synthetics.

Local Site Effects and Ground Failures

Author : T. G. Sitharam
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981159984X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Site Effects and Ground Failures by : T. G. Sitharam

Download or read book Local Site Effects and Ground Failures written by T. G. Sitharam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents select papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. The papers discuss advances in the fields of soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Some of the themes include ground response analysis & local site effect, seismic slope stability and landslides, application of AI in geotechnical earthquake engineering, etc. A strong emphasis is placed on connecting academic research and field practice, with many examples, case studies, best practices, and discussions on performance based design. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.

Spatial Variability of Shear Wave Velocity and Its Effects on Seismic Ground Response

Author : Laura Luna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatial Variability of Shear Wave Velocity and Its Effects on Seismic Ground Response by : Laura Luna

Download or read book Spatial Variability of Shear Wave Velocity and Its Effects on Seismic Ground Response written by Laura Luna and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since it is unfeasible to sample every point at a site, there will always be a level of uncertainty in the mechanical properties that are used in geotechnical design. As the geotechnical community transitions towards reliability and risk-based designs, the formal treatment of these uncertainties throughout the analysis process becomes increasingly important. This study has two objectives. The first is to quantify the spatial variability of shear wave velocity based on 206 seismic cone penetration tests available for sites in British Columbia, Canada. The second is to assess how this spatial variability affects the response of a soil mass subject to earthquake ground motions. The statistical properties of shear wave velocity were estimated using a multiplica- tive form, where the random shear wave velocity (V (d)) was expressed as the product of a deterministic trend (v̂(d)) and a lognormal random variable (Y ). The distribu- tion of Y was estimated using the method of moments, and the correlation length was estimated using two approaches, a commonly used direct-fitting method, as well as a bias-matched method. Additionally, a comparison is presented to the first-order, auto-regressive method to randomize shear wave velocity proposed by Toro (1995). Finally, a discrete-time, two-state Markov chain is used to generate realizations of soil layering, modeling the transitions between clay-like and sand-like materials. Several probabilistic, equivalent-linear ground response analyses (GRA) were com- pleted to assess how the spatial variability of shear wave velocity affects the peak ground acceleration, cyclic stress ratio, and spectral acceleration response spectra. In general, randomizing shear wave velocity was found to result in lower mean stresses and accelerations when compared against the results obtained from a deterministic approach using the mean shear wave velocity. The sensitivity of the results to the random field parameters was also explored. The distribution of peak ground accel- eration (PGA) and cyclic stress ratio (CSR) were found to be most sensitive to the coefficient of variation of shear wave velocity, with correlation length and correlation anisotropy having a smaller influence on the results.

Strategy for Selecting Input Ground Motion for Structural Seismic Demand Analysis

Author : Levent Isbiliroglu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategy for Selecting Input Ground Motion for Structural Seismic Demand Analysis by : Levent Isbiliroglu

Download or read book Strategy for Selecting Input Ground Motion for Structural Seismic Demand Analysis written by Levent Isbiliroglu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observed variability is very large among natural earthquake records, which are not consolidated in the engineering applications due to the cost and the duration. In the current practice with the nonlinear dynamic analysis, the input variability is minimized, yet without clear indications of its consequences on the output seismic behavior of structures. The study, herein, aims at quantifying the impact of ground motion selection with large variability on the distribution of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) by investigating the following questions:What is the level of variability in natural and modified ground motions?What is the impact of input variability on the EDPs of various structural types?For a given earthquake scenario, target spectra are defined by ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Four ground motion modification and selection methods such as (1) the unscaled earthquake records, (2) the linearly scaled real records, (3) the loosely matched spectrum waveforms, and (4) the tightly matched waveforms are utilized. The tests on the EDPs are performed on a record basis to quantify the natural variability in unscaled earthquake records and the relative changes triggered by the ground motion modifications.Each dataset is composed by five accelerograms; the response spectrum compatible selection is then performed by considering the impact of set variability. The intraset variability relates to the spectral amplitude dispersion in a given set, and the interset variability relates to the existence of multiple sets compatible with the target.The tests on the EDPs are performed on a record basis to quantify the natural variability in unscaled earthquake records and the relative changes triggered by the ground motion modifications. The distributions of EDPs obtained by the modified ground motions are compared to the observed distribution by the unscaled earthquake records as a function of ground motion prediction equations, objective of structural analysis, and structural models.This thesis demonstrates that a single ground motion set, commonly used in the practice, is not sufficient to obtain an assuring level of the EDPs regardless of the GMSM methods, which is due to the record and set variability. The unscaled real records compatible with the scenario are discussed to be the most realistic option to use in the nonlinear dynamic analyses, and the 'best' ground motion modification method is demonstrated to be based on the EDP, the objective of the seismic analysis, and the structural model. It is pointed out that the choice of a GMPE can provoke significant differences in the ground motion characteristics and the EDPs, and it can overshadow the differences in the EDPs obtained by the GMSM methods.

Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion

Author : Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion by : Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni

Download or read book Structural Response to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion written by Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion

Author : Jian-Chu Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion by : Jian-Chu Chen

Download or read book Analysis of Local Variations in Free Field Seismic Ground Motion written by Jian-Chu Chen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake engineers are often faced with the problem of determining the temporal and spatial variation of near-surface seismic motions in a site. This type of information is needed for the evaluation of soil-structure interaction effects, liquefaction potential and the effects of local site conditions on surface motions. Actual ground motions are due to a complicated system of body waves and surface waves. However, it is usually assumed that near-surface motions consist only of vertically propagating waves. In order to examine the validity of this assumption for engineering design a theoretical investigation has been made into the nature of near-surface motions produced by horizontally propagating waves. These include inclined P-, SV-, and SH-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves in horizontally layered sites over a viscoelastic half space. The research involved five phases: (1) review of current knowledge, (2) development of new methods of site response analysis, (3) application to site response analysis, (4) application to soil-structure interaction analysis and, (5) evaluation of the relative importance of horizontally propagating waves in engineering design. (Author).

Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiple Supported Structures

Author : Hong Hao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiple Supported Structures by : Hong Hao

Download or read book Effects of Spatial Variation of Ground Motions on Large Multiple Supported Structures written by Hong Hao and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ground Motion Simulations

Author : Lynne Schleiffarth Burks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Ground Motion Simulations by : Lynne Schleiffarth Burks

Download or read book Ground Motion Simulations written by Lynne Schleiffarth Burks and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers use earthquake ground motions for a variety of reasons, including seismic hazard assessment, calibration of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), and input to nonlinear response history analysis. These analyses require a significant number of ground motions and for some scenarios, such as earthquakes with large magnitudes and short distances, it may be difficult to obtain a sufficient number of ground motion recordings. When sufficient recordings do not exist, engineers modify available recordings using scaling or spectrum matching, or they use ground motion simulations. Ground motion simulations have existed for decades, but recent advances in simulation methods due to improved source characterization and wave propagation, coupled with increased computing power, have increased potential benefits for engineers. But before simulations can be used in engineering applications, simulations must be accessible and consistent with natural observations. This dissertation contributes to the latter issue, and it investigates the application of simulations to specific engineering problems. The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Broadband Platform (BBP) is an open-source software distribution that enables third-party users to simulate ground motions using research code contributed by model developers. Because the BBP allows users to compute their own simulations with little knowledge of the underlying implementation and it ensures that all calculations are reproducible, it is extremely valuable for simulation validation and engineering applications. In this dissertation, the BBP is evaluated as a simulation generation tool from an engineering perspective. Ground motions are simulated to study parameters of engineering interest, such as high-frequency variability, near-fault ground motions, and local site response. Though some parameters need further development, such as site response (which is currently implemented using simple empirical amplification), the BBP proves to be an effective tool for facilitating these types of engineering studies. This dissertation proposes a simulation validation framework based on simple and robust proxies for the response of more complicated structures. We compile a list of proxies with robust empirical models that are insensitive to changes in earthquake scenario and do not rely on extrapolation for rarely observed events. Because predictions of these proxies are reliable under a variety of earthquake events, we can confidently compare them with simulations. The proposed proxies include correlation of epsilon across periods, ratio of maximum to median response across horizontal orientations, and ratio of inelastic to elastic displacement. The validation framework is applied to example simulations and successfully exposes some parameters that need work, such as variability and correlation of spectral acceleration. Finally, this dissertation investigates the application of simulations to response history analysis and fling-step characterization. A 3D nonlinear structural model is analyzed using recordings and simulations with similar elastic response spectra. The structural performance and resulting design decisions are similar, indicating that simulations are effective for response history analysis subject to certain conditions. To investigate fling-step, we extract fling pulses from a large set of simulations. Extracted fling properties such as amplitude and period are then compared to specially-processed recordings and relevant empirical models for surface displacement and pulse period. Reasonably good agreement is found between simulations, recordings, and empirical models. In general, ground motion simulations are found to be an effective alternative or supplement to recordings in several engineering applications. Because simulation methods are still developing, this work is not intended as an evaluation of existing methods, but rather as a development of procedures that can be used in ongoing work.

Perspectives on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering

Author : Atilla Ansal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319107860
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering by : Atilla Ansal

Download or read book Perspectives on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering written by Atilla Ansal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad perspective on important topics in earthquake geotechnical engineering and gives specialists and those that are involved with research and application a more comprehensive understanding about the various topics. Consisting of eighteen chapters written by authors from the most seismic active regions of the world, such as USA, Japan, Canada, Chile, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Taiwan, and Turkey, the book reflects different views concerning how to assess and minimize earthquake damage. The authors, a prominent group of specialists in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering, are the invited lecturers of the International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering from Case History to Practice in the honour of Professor Kenji Ishihara held in Istanbul, Turkey during 17-19 June 2013.