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Impact Of Hurricanes On Structures
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Book Synopsis Prediction and Perception of Natural Hazards by : J. Nemec
Download or read book Prediction and Perception of Natural Hazards written by J. Nemec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of articles provides a unique overview of the state of the science in the prediction of and response to natural disaster events. The uniqueness of this volume is that it comprises more than just the physical science perspective. For each natural hazard included in this text, social scientists have provided research summaries of how public perceptions are related to the actions that are likely to be undertaken when people are confronted with information about the existence of a natural hazard threat. In this book the reader can find a truly international characterization of both hazard perception and prediction. The American and European contributors provide state-of-the-science overviews of empirically-based research knowledge that expands beyond any national boundaries. This approach has resulted in broader understanding of what is currently known about predicting natural hazard events and predicting how those events, or warnings of them, will be responded to by different types of societies.
Book Synopsis Impact of Hurricanes on Structures by : Vijay Kumar Mishra
Download or read book Impact of Hurricanes on Structures written by Vijay Kumar Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude of damage caused to the United States (US) coast due to hurricanes has increased significantly in the last decade. During the period 2004-2005, the US experienced seven of the costliest hurricanes in the country's history (NWS TPC-5, 2007) leading to an estimated loss of ~ $158 billion. The present method for predicting hurricane losses, HAZUS (HAZard US), is solely based on hurricane hazard and damage caused to building envelopes only and not to structural systems (Vickery et al., 2006). This method does not take into account an intermediate step that allows for better damage estimates, which is structural response to the hazards that in turn can be mapped to the damage. The focus of this study was to quantify the uncertainty in response of structures to the hurricane hazards associated with hurricanes from performance based engineering perspective. The study enumerates hazards associated with hurricanes events. The hazards considered can be quantified using a variety of measures, such as wind speed intensities, wave and surge heights. These hazards are quantified in terms of structural loads and are then applied to a structural system. Following that, structural analysis was performed to estimate the response from the structural system for given loads. All the possible responses are measured and they are fitted with suitable probability distribution to estimate the probability of a response. The response measured then can be used to understand the performance of a given structure under the various hurricane loads. Dynamic vs. static analysis was performed and results were compared. This will answer a few questions like, if there is any need to do both static and dynamic analysis and how hurricane loads affect the structural material models. This being an exploratory study, available resources, research, and models were used. For generation of annual or extreme values of hazard, various available wind speed, storm surge, and wave height models were studied and evaluated. The wind field model by Batts et al. (1980) was selected for generation of annual wind speed data. For calculation of maximum storm surge height, the Sea, Lake Overland Surges from Hurricane (SLOSH, Jelesnianski et al., 1992) program was used. Wave data was acquired from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) database. The (extreme or annual) wind speed, surge height, and wave height generated were then fitted by suitable probability distributions to find the realizations of hazards and their probabilities. The distribution properties were calculated, correlations between the data were established, and a joint probability distribution function (PDF) of the parameters (wind speed, wave height, and storm surge) was generated. Once the joint distribution of extreme loads was established, the next step was to measure the dynamic response of the structural system to these hazards. To measure the structural response, a finite element model of three-story concrete frame were constructed. Time histories of wind load were generated from wind net pressure coefficients recorded in a wind tunnel test (Main and Fritz, 2006). Wave load time histories were generated using laboratory basin test (Hawke's et al., 1993) wave height time history data and were converted into wave loads using Bernoulli's equation. Surge height was treated as a hydrostatic load in this analysis. These load time histories were then applied to the finite element model and response was measured. Response of the structural system was measured in terms of the mean and maximum displacements recorded at specific nodes of model. Response was calculated for loads having constant mean wind speed and surge/wave and different time histories. The dominant frequency in the wind load time histories was closer to the natural frequency of the structural model used than the dominant frequency in the wave height time histories. Trends in the response for various combinations of mean wind speed, wave height, and surge heights were analyzed. It was observed that responses are amplified with increase in the mean wind speed. Less response was measured for change in mean surge/wave height as the tributary area for wave forces was less compared to wind force. No increase in dynamic amplification factor was observed for increase in force time histories case.
Book Synopsis Hurricane Andrew in Florida Building Performance Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance by :
Download or read book Hurricane Andrew in Florida Building Performance Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance written by and published by FEMA. This book was released on with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hurricane Mitigation for the Built Environment by : Ricardo A. Alvarez
Download or read book Hurricane Mitigation for the Built Environment written by Ricardo A. Alvarez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Alvarez drives home the point that for buildings and communities located in hurricane-prone regions, it is not a question of whether the area will be impacted, but when it will be impacted. The book makes a strong case for taking responsibility to understand the vulnerabilities of buildings and structures to hurricane impacts." Timothy Reinhold, P
Book Synopsis Hurricane Damage to Residential Structures by : Jon K. Ayscue
Download or read book Hurricane Damage to Residential Structures written by Jon K. Ayscue and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Property damage and loss from hurricanes have increased with population growth in coastal areas, and climatic factors point to more frequent and intense hurricanes in the future. This paper describes potential hurricane hazards from wind and water. Damage to residential structures from three recent intense hurricanes - Hugo, Andrew, and Iniki - shows that wind is responsible for greater property loss than water. The current state-of-the-art building technology is sufficient to reduce damage from hurricanes when properly applied, and this paper discusses those building techniques that can mitigate hurricane damage and recommends measures for mitigating future hurricane damage to homes.
Book Synopsis Summary Report on Building Performance - 2004 Hurricane Season (FEMA 490) by : Federal Emergency Agency
Download or read book Summary Report on Building Performance - 2004 Hurricane Season (FEMA 490) written by Federal Emergency Agency and published by FEMA. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation will remember 2004 as a record-setting year in terms of presidential disaster declarations and administered disaster aid. In 2004, President Bush issued 68 disaster declarations of which 27 were due to hurricanes. Time and again the U.S. was impacted by hurricane force winds and waves that damaged cities and small towns in 15 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Of all the regions that endured the hurricane season, the State of Florida bore the brunt of the record-setting storms as Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne tested the federal and state fortitude in disaster response and recovery. Communities were devastated as wind and water damage from the four storms battered residential, commercial, industrial, and public facilities. Disaster assistance totaling more than $4.4 billion was approved for Floridians, and to date, 1.24 million storm victims have applied for federal and state assistance (FEMA 2005b). The financial impact of the season will likely exceed $20 billion, according to preliminary loss estimates from the Insurance Services Office's Property Claim Services (PCS). The four hurricanes that struck Florida in 2004 were all significant events; however, the hurricanes were each distinctive in terms of their wind and water action and resulting damages. The first of these, Charley (designated a Category 4), was the first design level wind event to strike the U.S. mainland since Hurricane Andrew (1992) and caused more wind damage than flood damage. Frances (Category 2) and Jeanne (Category 3), while not as strong as Charley, were still very damaging hurricanes resulting in additional wind damage. Hurricane Ivan delivered not only strong winds (Category 3), but also caused significant flood damage to buildings and other structures, even those built above the 100-year flood elevation. The impact of the four hurricanes was intensified by their back-to-back occurrence; three of the hurricanes followed similar paths or had overlapping damage swaths. Frances and Jeanne followed almost identical paths across Florida from the east coast (around Port St. Lucie) to the west coast (north of Tampa area). These two very wide storms crossed the path of Charley (which traveled west to east) in central Florida creating an overlap of impacted areas in Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Hardee counties. As a result of these overlapping impact swaths, damage resulting from the later hurricanes (Frances and Jeanne) was difficult to distinguish from earlier damage caused by Charley. For instance, roofs that failed during Frances or Jeanne may have been weakened or damaged by Charley and more prone to failure. For this reason, most of the recommendations and conclusions contained in this report are based on observations made after Hurricanes Charley and Ivan and are supported by observations made after Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne. Following Hurricanes Charley and Ivan, the FEMA Mitigation Assessment Teams (MATs) performed field observations to determine how well buildings in Florida and Alabama performed under stresses caused by the storms' wind and water impacts. A Rapid Response Data Collection Team performed field observations after Hurricane Frances that focused on critical and essential facilities; however an assessment was not performed after Jeanne, because Jeanne and Frances impacted a similar region. Overall, the MAT observed building performance success in structural systems designed and built after Hurricane Andrew. This Summary Report focuses on the ongoing need for improvement in building performance.
Book Synopsis Hurricane Damage to Residential Structures by : Jon K. Ayscue
Download or read book Hurricane Damage to Residential Structures written by Jon K. Ayscue and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Property damage and loss from hurricanes have increased with population growth in coastal areas, and climatic factors point to more frequent and intense hurricanes in the future. This paper describes potential hurricane hazards from wind and water. Damage to residential structures from three recent intense hurricanes - Hugo, Andrew, and Iniki - shows that wind is responsible for greater property loss than water. The current state-of-the-art building technology is sufficient to reduce damage from hurricanes when properly applied, and this paper discusses those building techniques that can mitigate hurricane damage and recommends measures for mitigating future hurricane damage to homes.
Book Synopsis Hurricane Diana by : Spencer M. Rogers
Download or read book Hurricane Diana written by Spencer M. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane Diana affected the coastal of North Carolina during the period of September 11-14, 1984. It was the first serious hurricane to make landfall in 24 years and the first test of building code standards adopted along the coast after a period of frequent hurricanes in the 1950's. Structural damage was inspected in a building by building basis. Builders, designers, building official and insurance adjusters responded to a written survey to identify non-structural damage due to the storm. The building code provisions performed well in somewhat less than design wind speeds. Structural damage was relatively light particularly in buildings less that 10 years old. Non-structural, but nevertheless costly, water damage was slightly more common, Several common design and construction flaws were identified.
Book Synopsis Large-scale Disasters by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book Large-scale Disasters written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD. This book was released on 2004-04-30 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Analyses the economic and social impacts of recent large-scale disasters, and draws some initial lessons for the monitoring and the management of future disasters." - introduction.
Book Synopsis Performance of Physical Structures in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Performance of Physical Structures in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy by : J. Bret Bennington
Download or read book Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy written by J. Bret Bennington and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy summarizes first results from studies of Superstorm Sandy, including: tide gauge measurements of storm surge, stable isotope variation in precipitation, analysis of the effect of beach nourishment among other factors on structural damage, and comparison with past storms through sediment analysis. This book gives a multi-dimensional treatment of scientific results of studies of Superstorm Sandy, and it is a valuable reference for oceanographers, coastal geologists, climatologists, dynamic meteorologists, paleotempostologists, sedimentary geologists, geomorphologists and emergency managers who need to better understand the storm and its effects in order to be prepared for similar events in the future. Summarizes first results from studies of Superstorm Sandy Gives a multi-dimensional treatment of scientific results of studies of Superstorm Sandy
Book Synopsis Severe Storm Engineering for Structural Design by : Michele G. Melaragno
Download or read book Severe Storm Engineering for Structural Design written by Michele G. Melaragno and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1996 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building codes and standards in other countries are studied in correlation to the number of casualties suffered during a violent storm. Specifically, Bangladesh is offered as a case study of minimum standards of building construction, while Australia is highlighted for having some of the strictest controls in the world. In 1990 and 1991, hurricanes Hugo, Andrew and Iniki pummeled the United States leveling residences, office buildings, a military base, and shopping areas. The devastation had a profound effect on the local communities, industries and commerce. Judging from the destruction these storms caused to the buildings in the area, it is clear that we still have a great deal to learn about designing structures to withstand hurricanes, typhoons and tornadoes. This book, for both the student and practicing architect or engineer, explores wind velocity typical of storms such as these. The weather conditions are then translated into actual forces on a structure to be used to better design buil
Book Synopsis Engineering Investigations of Hurricane Damage by : David B. Peraza
Download or read book Engineering Investigations of Hurricane Damage written by David B. Peraza and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides civil engineers with the background and guidance necessary to conduct engineering damage investigations of structures following hurricanes, focusing particularly on distinguishing between wind damage and water damage.
Book Synopsis Engineering Investigations of Hurricane Damage by : Jens Metzger
Download or read book Engineering Investigations of Hurricane Damage written by Jens Metzger and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a hurricane or tropical storm strikes, civil engineers are often called upon to investigate the resulting damage to structures. One of the common assignments is to distinguish between wind damage and water damage. This task can be complex, requiring expertise in structural engineering, historic building codes, construction practices, wind forces, and water/wave forces, as well as familiarity with meteorology. The engineer may be asked to provide a rational estimate of the extent of wind damage to a structure that was subsequently destroyed by water. This publication provides civil engineers with the background and guidance necessary to conduct engineering damage investigations of structures following hurricanes, focusing particularly on distinguishing between wind damage and water damage.
Book Synopsis Hurricane! Surviving the Big One by : Michael Trinkley
Download or read book Hurricane! Surviving the Big One written by Michael Trinkley and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Hurricane Research by : Anthony Lupo
Download or read book Recent Hurricane Research written by Anthony Lupo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents recent research on tropical cyclones and their impact, and a wide range of topics are covered. An updated global climatology is presented, including the global occurrence of tropical cyclones and the terrestrial factors that may contribute to the variability and long-term trends in their occurrence. Research also examines long term trends in tropical cyclone occurrences and intensity as related to solar activity, while other research discusses the impact climate change may have on these storms. The dynamics and structure of tropical cyclones are studied, with traditional diagnostics employed to examine these as well as more modern approaches in examining their thermodynamics. The book aptly demonstrates how new research into short-range forecasting of tropical cyclone tracks and intensities using satellite information has led to significant improvements. In looking at societal and ecological risks, and damage assessment, authors investigate the use of technology for anticipating, and later evaluating, the amount of damage that is done to human society, watersheds, and forests by land-falling storms. The economic and ecological vulnerability of coastal regions are also studied and are supported by case studies which examine the potential hazards related to the evacuation of populated areas, including medical facilities. These studies provide decision makers with a potential basis for developing improved evacuation techniques.
Author :Committee on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning: Coastal Risk Reduction Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309305860 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (58 download)
Book Synopsis Reducing Coastal Risk on the East and Gulf Coasts by : Committee on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning: Coastal Risk Reduction
Download or read book Reducing Coastal Risk on the East and Gulf Coasts written by Committee on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning: Coastal Risk Reduction and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane- and coastal-storm-related losses have increased substantially during the past century, largely due to increases in population and development in the most susceptible coastal areas. Climate change poses additional threats to coastal communities from sea level rise and possible increases in strength of the largest hurricanes. Several large cities in the United States have extensive assets at risk to coastal storms, along with countless smaller cities and developed areas. The devastation from Superstorm Sandy has heightened the nation's awareness of these vulnerabilities. What can we do to better prepare for and respond to the increasing risks of loss? Reducing Coastal Risk on the East and Gulf Coasts reviews the coastal risk-reduction strategies and levels of protection that have been used along the United States East and Gulf Coasts to reduce the impacts of coastal flooding associated with storm surges. This report evaluates their effectiveness in terms of economic return, protection of life safety, and minimization of environmental effects. According to this report, the vast majority of the funding for coastal risk-related issues is provided only after a disaster occurs. This report calls for the development of a national vision for coastal risk management that includes a long-term view, regional solutions, and recognition of the full array of economic, social, environmental, and life-safety benefits that come from risk reduction efforts. To support this vision, Reducing Coastal Risk states that a national coastal risk assessment is needed to identify those areas with the greatest risks that are high priorities for risk reduction efforts. The report discusses the implications of expanding the extent and levels of coastal storm surge protection in terms of operation and maintenance costs and the availability of resources. Reducing Coastal Risk recommends that benefit-cost analysis, constrained by acceptable risk criteria and other important environmental and social factors, be used as a framework for evaluating national investments in coastal risk reduction. The recommendations of this report will assist engineers, planners and policy makers at national, regional, state, and local levels to move from a nation that is primarily reactive to coastal disasters to one that invests wisely in coastal risk reduction and builds resilience among coastal communities.
