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Author : Scott Schlorholtz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (397 download)
Download or read book Image Analysis for Evaluating Air Void Parameters of Concrete written by Scott Schlorholtz and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. M. Ramezanianpour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Air-Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete written by A. M. Ramezanianpour and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air-void analysis of hardened concrete is typically performed according to ASTM C457-09 ["Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 4.2, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA], which can be tedious to perform and is operator subjective. Several alternative automated methods have been proposed, two of which are the Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method developed at Michigan Technological University. In each of these methods, images are collected from contrast enhanced surfaces of polished concrete, and image analysis is performed to calculate air-void system parameters. In this research, 22 concrete samples were examined using these two methods, the air-void system parameters were compared to those obtained from the ASTM C457 standard, and the precision of the results was compared to the recommendations of ASTM standard. It was concluded that the total air content and the spacing factor of the air voids measured by Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method were comparable to the air content and the spacing factor measured according to the standard manual method. Considering the fact that the automated image systems could detect air voids smaller in diameter than those typically seen by an operator, it was found that if these small air voids are counted, calculated spacing factors are smaller than those calculated by the manual method. If small diameter air voids are removed from the analysis, then spacing factors agree fairly well with those calculated by ASTM C457 from stereo-optical microscopy.
Author : Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (225 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Determination of the Air Void System Parameters of Hardened Concrete written by Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of air void parameters of hardened concrete is usually performed according to ASTM C 457 standard. This standard process is tedious and the results depend on the skill of the operator. Several researchers have proposed alternative automated methods for performing the test. Two of these new methods are Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method. Rapid Air 457 collects images from the surface of concrete samples using a digital microscope whereas in the scanner method, the surface is scanned by a flat-bed scanner. Then, the captured images are analyzed by different computer software. In this thesis, 22 concrete samples were examined by these two methods and the air void parameters were compared to those obtained from the standard method. Moreover, different parameters influencing the results of the test were examined and the precision of the results were compared to the recommendations of ASTM standard.
Author : J. Cahill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Identification and Measurement of Entrained Air in Concrete Using Image Analysis written by J. Cahill and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of ASTM C457 ("linear traverse" or "modified point-count methods") for microscopical determination of air-void content and parameters of the air-void system, in hardened concrete has become widespread in the prediction of the durability of concrete in freeze-thaw conditions, and in assessing concrete that has failed in service. More recently a new European Standard, based on linear traverse measurements has been adopted as an efficacy test for air entraining agents. The linear traverse method described in both standards involves identification, counting and, in the Euro Standard, measurement of air-voids. It is laborious, tedious and subjective and the error of the method has not been rigorously assessed. We have explored the possibility of using Image Analysis in conjunction with the linear traverse method to develop less laborious and subjective measurement methods. A number of methods of visualisation of air-voids have been applied to polished samples of hardened concrete which had previously been assessed by the standard linear traverse method. The quality of the surface preparation required for Image Analysis was found to be even more critical than for the standard manual method.
Author : Mohamad Nagi
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309098890
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Evaluating Air-entraining Admixtures for Highway Concrete written by Mohamad Nagi and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report presents a recommended procedure for evaluating air-entraining admixtures used in highway concrete. The procedure involves the testing of non-air-entrained concrete and concrete containing the air-entraining admixture under simulated field conditions. Criteria are proposed for acceptance of admixtures for use in either highway pavements or structures. The recommended procedure and acceptance criteria will guide materials engineers in evaluating and selecting air-entraining admixtures that should contribute to appropriate freeze-thaw durability and thus to good performance and long service life. The content of the report will be of immediate interest to materials engineers, researchers, and others concerned with the design of concrete mixtures for use in highway pavements and structures."--taken from Foreword, page [v].
Author : Haizhu Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book X-ray Computed Tomography Assessment of Air Void Distribution in Concrete written by Haizhu Lu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air void size and spatial distribution have long been regarded as critical parameters in the frost resistance of concrete. In cement-based materials, entrained air void systems play an important role in performance as related to durability, permeability, and heat transfer. Many efforts have been made to measure air void parameters in a more efficient and reliable manner in the past several decades. Standardized measurement techniques based on optical microscopy and stereology on flat cut and polished surfaces are widely used in research as well as in quality assurance and quality control applications. Other more automated methods using image processing have also been utilized, but still starting from flat cut and polished surfaces. The emergence of X-ray computed tomography (CT) techniques provides the capability of capturing the inner microstructure of materials at the micrometer and nanometer scale. X-ray CTâ s less demanding sample preparation and capability to measure 3D distributions of air voids directly provide ample prospects for its wider use in air void characterization in cement-based materials. However, due to the huge number of air voids that can exist within a limited volume, errors can easily arise in the absence of a formalized data processing procedure. In this study, air void parameters in selected types of cement-based materials (lightweight concrete, structural concrete elements, pavements, and laboratory mortars) have been measured using micro X-ray CT. The focus of this study is to propose a unified procedure for processing the data and to provide solutions to deal with common problems that arise when measuring air void parameters: primarily the reliable segmentation of objects of interest, uncertainty estimation of measured parameters, and the comparison of competing segmentation parameters.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Field Study of Air Content Stability in the Slipform Paving Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the impacts of construction on the air content and air-void system structure of Portland cement concrete pavements. The primary intent was to quantify the air content of fresh concrete before and after it has gone through the slipform paver. The air-void system parameters of hardened concrete were then assessed using cast and extracted core specimens. The results of the air content testing on fresh concrete and the concrete cylinder specimens cast in the field suggested that there is some loss of air as the concrete passes through the paver. Laboratory testing performed on cores extracted from the pavement did not provide any conclusive evidence that entrained air is lost during the slipform paving process. In fact, many of the extracted cores had measured air content values that were much higher than the specification requirement. If excessive, this could result in increased permeability and low-strength related issues. Although a rigorous statistical analysis was not performed, the results suggest that the air content testing on fresh concrete is not capturing the true air content of the concrete placed with a slipform paver. The fresh concrete air content is generally lower than the air content measured in the cores.
Author : Paul Klieger
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803120532
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-making Materials written by Paul Klieger and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Donald O. Thompson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461559472
Total Pages : 2198 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation written by Donald O. Thompson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 2198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Proceedings, consisting of Parts A and B, contain the edited versions of most of the papers presented at the annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation held at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine on July 28 to August 2, 1996. The Review was organized by the Center for NDE at Iowa State University, in cooperation with the American Society of Nondestructive Testing, the Ames Laboratory of the USDOE, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Institute of Standardsand Technology, and the National Science Foundation Industry!University Cooperative Research Centers pro gram. This year's Review of Progress in QNDE was attended by approximately 400 participants from the U.S. and many foreign countries who presented over 350 papers. As usual, the meetingwas divided into 36 sessions, with as many as four sessions running concurrently. The Review covered all phases of NDE research and development from fundamental investigations to engineering applications or inspection systems, and it included many important methods of inspection techniques from acoustics to x-rays. In the last eight to ten years, the Review has stabilized at about its current size, which most participants seem to agree is large enough to permit a full-scale overview of the latest developments, but still small enough to retain the collegial atmosphere which has marked the Review since its inception.
Author : Marcia Jill Simon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Computer Applications in Air Void System Evaluation written by Marcia Jill Simon and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sona Nezami
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Flatbed Scanner Method for Quality Assurance Testing of Air Content and Spacing Factor in Concrete written by Sona Nezami and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Basil Mark Harris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 864 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Microscopic Air Void Analysis of Hardened Portland Cement Concrete by the Isolated Shadow Technique written by Basil Mark Harris and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joseph F. Lamond
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803133677
Total Pages : 661 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-making Materials written by Joseph F. Lamond and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2006 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alan B. Poole
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351722336
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Concrete Petrography written by Alan B. Poole and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic reference has established the value of petrography as a powerful method for the investigation of concrete as a material. It provides an authoritative and well-illustrated review of concrete composition and textures, including the causes of defects, deterioration, and failure that can be identified using a petrological microscope. This new edition is entirely revised and updated and also greatly extended to take account of new scientific developments and significant improvements in instrumentation and to reflect current laboratory working practices, as well as to reflect new understanding of the performance of concrete and related materials. Now in full color throughout, Concrete Petrography, Second Edition provides case study examples, with appropriate explanatory discussions and practical advice on selecting, handling and preparing specimens. It assists and guides the engineer, the trainee and the experienced petrographer in understanding the scientific evidence that is basic to petrographic analysis and so will lead to more accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of problems in structural concrete. This book includes: Contributions in specialist areas by internationally recognized experts Explanation of computer techniques as an aid to petrography Full coverage of inspection, sampling, and specimen preparation New sections covering recent technological development of equipment Guidance on observation of cement and concrete mineralogy and microfabrics Discussion and illustrative examples of deterioration and failure mechanisms New work and guidance on the determination of water/cement ratio New color illustrations and micrographs throughout Thorough updating of standards, other authoritative publications, and references A fully revised, extended, and updated glossary of optical and other properties
Author : Hamdi Celik Ozyildirim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Distribution of Voids in Field Concrete written by Hamdi Celik Ozyildirim and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was intended to evaluate the air void characteristics of concrete in an attempt to identify, quantitatively or semi-quantitatively, different types of voids and to predict their influence on strength and durability. At the outset, it was anticipated that total air contents and water-- cement ratios of concrete mixtures would reflect the presence of excess water or air voids. However, because it is difficult to determine the water-cement ratio of hardened concrete, an attempt was made to relate the water-cement ratio and the air content, taken as independent variables, to the parameters of the void system that are .readily determined from the hardened concrete. The parameters of the void system considered were 1. The specific surface and the spacing factor calculated from linear traverse data. 2. The constants of a continuous chord frequency distribution curve derived from a probability density function. 3. The mean diameters and the number of bubbles per unit volume determined by a graphical method. The concrete samples were prepared in the laboratory, and the variables included the amount of air entrainment, the water cement ratio, the mixing time, and the mixture temperature. The data on the void system were obtained by utilizing the chord lengths of voids determined by the linear traverse analysis of concrete specimens. Within the framework of the study it was not possible to correlate the combined effect of water and air content with the above mentioned void parameters. A good correlation was obtained between the air contents of fresh and hardened concretes that were properly measured. Satisfactory relationships were established between the measures of resistance to freezing and thawing (weight loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, and the surface rating), and certain parameters-of the void system (the spacing factor, the specific surface, and the diameter of the bubbles).
Author : Christiane Maierhofer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 184569953X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Christiane Maierhofer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-04 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many concrete structures and elements of concrete infrastructure have exceeded their original design lives and are deteriorating to an extent where they are becoming dangerous. The deterioration can be internal or not obvious and therefore only shows up with detailed testing. Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods reviews the processes of deterioration and classical and standard test methods. Part one discusses deterioration of reinforced concrete and testing problems with chapters on topics such as key issues in the non-destructive testing of concrete structures, when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures, deterioration processes in reinforced concrete, modelling ageing and corrosion processes in reinforced concrete structures, components in concrete and their impact on quality, and predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Part two reviews classical and standard testing methods including microscopic examination of deteriorated concrete, the analysis of solid components and their ratios in reinforced concrete structures, the determination of chlorides in concrete structures, and investigating the original water content of reinforced concrete structures. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods will be a standard reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those concerned with making decisions regarding the safety of reinforced concrete structures. Provides a comprehensive discussion from examination of the components in concrete and their affect on quality through to the role of and tools required for lifetime management Experts in the field identify the testing problems associated with infrastructure considering design, build and maintenance stages Presents a guide for when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures including the role of time in testing
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book FHWA Nationally Coordinated Program of Highway Research, Development, and Technology. Annual Progress Report. Fiscal Year 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
