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Ilya Mechnikov
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Download or read book Ilya Mechnikov written by Semyon Zalkind and published by The Minerva Group, Inc.. This book was released on 2001-09 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A biography of Nobel laureate Ilya Mechnikov (1845 - 1916), a Russian biologist and a founder of the science of immunity. Mechnikov is one of those famous Russian scientists who, like Mendeleyev, Butlerov, Sechenov, Pavlov, the Kovalevsky brothers, and Timiryazev, are the pride of Russian science. He was a Darwinian scientist who had theories of cellular immunity, applications of phagocytic theory and the biological doctrine of inflammation.Mechnikov was born in Kharkiv Oblast (now Ukraine) on May 15, 1845. He was educated at the University of Kharkiv and, in Germany, at the Universities of Giessen, Gottingen, and Munich. Mechnikov lectured in zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Odessa from 1870 to 1882. In he 1904 became a subdirector of the Pasteur Institute in Paris.He began his career with studies of the process of intracellular digestion in invertebrates. Later he established the destructive effect of certain white blood cells, which he called phagocytes, on harmful materials in the bloodstream. In 1884 Mechnikov announced a theory of phagocytosis, which formed a basis for the theory of immunity. He also advocated consumption of lactic acid bacteria for the prevention and remedy of intestinal putrefaction.For his research on immunity he shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with the German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich.
Download or read book Immunity written by Luba Vikhanski and published by Chicago Review Press. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around Christmas of 1882, while peering through a microscope at starfish larvae in which he had inserted tiny thorns, Russian zoologist Elie Metchnikoff had a brilliant insight: what if the mobile cells he saw gathering around the thorns were nothing but a healing force in action? Metchnikoff's daring theory of immunity—that voracious cells he called phagocytes formed the first line of defense against invading bacteria—would eventually earn the scientist a Nobel Prize, shared with his archrival, as well as the unofficial moniker "Father of Natural Immunity." But first he had to win over skeptics, especially those who called his theory "an oriental fairy tale." Using previously inaccessible archival materials, author Luba Vikhanski chronicles Metchnikoff's remarkable life and discoveries in the first moder n biography of this hero of medicine. Metchnikoff was a towering figure in the scientific community of the early twentieth century, a tireless humanitarian who, while working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, also strived to curb the spread of cholera, syphilis, and other deadly diseases. In his later years, he startled the world with controversial theories on longevity, launching a global craze for yogurt, and pioneered research into gut microbes and aging. Though Metchnikoff was largely forgotten for nearly a hundred years, Vikhanski documents a remarkable revival of interest in his ideas on immunity and on the gut flora in the science of the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis The Prolongation of Life by : Ilya Ilyich Metchnikoff
Download or read book The Prolongation of Life written by Ilya Ilyich Metchnikoff and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2004-01-08 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Three chief evils that hang over us are disease, old age, and death. To study and control senescence, Metchnikoff proposed the establishment of a new scientific discipline he named 'gerontology.' In this classic text on the prolongation of life, Metchnikoff suggests that science should be encouraged and helped in every possible way in its task of removing the diseases and habits that now prevent human life from running its normal course, and his belief is that, were the task accomplished, the great cause of pessimism would disappear. Metchnikoff was able to proclaim himself an optimist, and found, in biological science, for the present generation a hope, or at the least an end towards which to work, and for future generations a possible achievement of that hope." ó From the Introduction by Gerald Gruman, MD, PhD
Book Synopsis Physiology Or Medicine, 1901-1921 by :
Download or read book Physiology Or Medicine, 1901-1921 written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Nature of Man by : Elie Metchnikoff
Download or read book The Nature of Man written by Elie Metchnikoff and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Odessa: Genius and Death in a City of Dreams by : Charles King
Download or read book Odessa: Genius and Death in a City of Dreams written by Charles King and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of a National Jewish Book Award "Fascinating.…A humane and tragic survey of a great and tragic subject." —Jan Morris, Literary Review From Alexander Pushkin and Isaac Babel to Zionist renegade Vladimir Jabotinsky and filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein, an astonishing cast of geniuses helped shape Odessa, a legendary haven of cosmopolitan freedom on the Black Sea. Drawing on a wealth of original sources and offering the first detailed account of the destruction of the city's Jewish community during the Second World War, Charles King's Odessa is both history and elegy—a vivid chronicle of a multicultural city and its remarkable resilience over the past two centuries.
Book Synopsis History of Allergy by : K.-C. Bergmann
Download or read book History of Allergy written by K.-C. Bergmann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically over recent decades, both in terms of the number of sufferers and the number of allergies. This is a trend that has frequently been referred to as 'the epidemic of the 21st century'. As described in ancient texts, allergies have been known for over 2,000 years, but the term 'allergy' was only coined at the beginning of the 20th century when doctors began to understand their pathophysiological basis. This book presents a detailed and varied historical overview of the field of allergology. Beginning with insights on allergy from antiquity to the 20th century and the development of the associated terminology, it compiles historical reflections on the understanding of the most common allergic diseases. Important milestones in the discovery of mechanisms of allergy are described, followed by historical accounts of the detection of allergens such as pollen, dust mites, peanuts and latex, and of environmental influences such as pollution and the relationship between farmers and their environment. Several chapters illustrate the progress made in allergy management to date. Particular highlights of this book are the personal reflections of and interviews with a number of pioneers of allergy, including F. Austen, J. Bienenstock, K. Blaser, A. de Weck, A.W. Frankland, K. Ishizaka, and many more. Concluding with portrayals of allergy societies and collections, as well as being supplemented by two films, this book represents a veritable treasure trove of fascinating and richly illustrated information. Not only researchers, physicians and medical historians, but also students and even non-scientists will find History of Allergy a scientific adventure well worth reading.
Book Synopsis Digital Humanities Pedagogy by : Brett D. Hirsch
Download or read book Digital Humanities Pedagogy written by Brett D. Hirsch and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The essays in this collection offer a timely intervention in digital humanities scholarship, bringing together established and emerging scholars from a variety of humanities disciplines across the world. The first section offers views on the practical realities of teaching digital humanities at undergraduate and graduate levels, presenting case studies and snapshots of the authors' experiences alongside models for future courses and reflections on pedagogical successes and failures. The next section proposes strategies for teaching foundational digital humanities methods across a variety of scholarly disciplines, and the book concludes with wider debates about the place of digital humanities in the academy, from the field's cultural assumptions and social obligations to its political visions." (4e de couverture).
Book Synopsis The Prolongation of life by : Elie Metchnikoff
Download or read book The Prolongation of life written by Elie Metchnikoff and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Linguistic Synergetics by : Tetiana Dombrovan
Download or read book An Introduction to Linguistic Synergetics written by Tetiana Dombrovan and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an introduction to some basic concepts of linguistic synergetics, viewed here as a new multidisciplinary research approach to language studies. It also advances diachronic linguosynergetics, focusing on principles and mechanisms of language change and development, and employing the methodological integrity of philosophy, linguistics and synergetics. Diachronic linguosynergetics endeavours to capture language in a state of change, when a language system follows a non-linear path, through numerous fluctuations and dissipation, leading out of chaos to order and stability. The book considers human language as an open, dynamic, non-linear, and self-organising system, with all its hierarchical subsystems and elements coherently interconnected and controlled by governing parameters. Special emphasis is laid on a variety of change rates on different language levels. As such, diachronic linguosynergetics is capable of addressing a broad range of issues concerning language change. It sheds new light on language development and permits better descriptions of phase transitions, or reconfigurations, of language as a synergetic megasystem.
Download or read book Sugar Intake written by Ian James Martins and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rates of diabetes are increasing worldwide with cases spreading to various regions of both developing and developed countries, increasing the risk of various organ diseases. Nutritional interventions such as low-calorie, low-sugar diets have now become critical for combatting the disease. Written by experts from around the globe, this book examines the risks and benefits of sugar intake and the critical role of functional foods in treating diabetes. The chapters provide information to control sugar intake and to prevent the induction of organ disease in diabetic individuals.
Book Synopsis The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize by : Peter Doherty
Download or read book The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize written by Peter Doherty and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize, Doherty recounts his unlikely path to becoming a Nobel Laureate. Beginning with his humble origins in Australia, he tells how he developed an interest in immunology and describes his award-winning, influential work with Rolf Zinkernagel on T-cells and the nature of immune defense. In prose that is at turns amusing and astute, Doherty reveals how his nonconformist upbringing, sense of being an outsider, and search for different perspectives have shaped his life and work. Doherty offers a rare, insider's look at the realities of being a research scientist. He lucidly explains his own scientific work and how research projects are selected, funded, and organized; the major problems science is trying to solve; and the rewards and pitfalls of a career in scientific research. For Doherty, science still plays an important role in improving the world, and he argues that scientists need to do a better job of making their work more accessible to the public. Throughout the book, Doherty explores the stories of past Nobel winners and considers some of the crucial scientific debates of our time, including the safety of genetically modified foods and the tensions between science and religion. He concludes with some "tips" on how to win a Nobel Prize, including advice on being persistent, generous, and culturally aware, and he stresses the value of evidence. The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Noble Prize is essential reading for anyone interested in a career in science.
Book Synopsis The Art and Politics of Science by : Harold Varmus
Download or read book The Art and Politics of Science written by Harold Varmus and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2010-05-24 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Nobel Prize–winning cancer biologist, leader of major scientific institutions, and scientific adviser to President Obama reflects on his remarkable career. A PhD candidate in English literature at Harvard University, Harold Varmus discovered he was drawn instead to medicine and eventually found himself at the forefront of cancer research at the University of California, San Francisco. In this “timely memoir of a remarkable career” (American Scientist), Varmus considers a life’s work that thus far includes not only the groundbreaking research that won him a Nobel Prize but also six years as the director of the National Institutes of Health; his current position as the president of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; and his important, continuing work as scientific adviser to President Obama. From this truly unique perspective, Varmus shares his experiences from the trenches of politicized battlegrounds ranging from budget fights to stem cell research, global health to science publishing.
Book Synopsis Anarchist Modernity by : Sho Konishi
Download or read book Anarchist Modernity written by Sho Konishi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-05-11 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mid-nineteenth century Russian radicals who witnessed the Meiji Restoration saw it as the most sweeping revolution in recent history and the impetus for future global progress. Acting outside imperial encounters, they initiated underground transnational networks with Japan. Prominent intellectuals and cultural figures, from Peter Kropotkin and Lev Tolstoy to Saigo Takamori and Tokutomi Roka, pursued these unofficial relationships through correspondence, travel, and networking, despite diplomatic and military conflicts between their respective nations. Tracing these non-state networks, Anarchist Modernity uncovers a major current in Japanese intellectual and cultural life between 1860 and 1930 that might be described as “cooperatist anarchist modernity”—a commitment to realizing a modern society through mutual aid and voluntary activity, without the intervention of state governance. These efforts later crystallized into such movements as the Nonwar Movement, Esperantism, and the popularization of the natural sciences. Examining cooperatist anarchism as an intellectual foundation of modern Japan, Sho Konishi offers a new approach to Japanese history that fundamentally challenges the “logic” of Western modernity. It looks beyond this foundational construct of modern history writing to understand people, practices, and cultural expressions that have been forgotten or dismissed as products of anti-modern nativist counter urges against the West."
Book Synopsis The Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases by : David Rifkind
Download or read book The Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases written by David Rifkind and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the 24 discoveries in infectious diseases that have merited Nobel Prize recognition since the inception of the awards in 1901. Grouped according to biological groups rather than chronology, each discovery includes a biographical sketch of the laureate(s), a description of the research, and a summary of the current status of the field. In addition, consideration is given to the relevance of the research on the general field of biology and medicine.
Book Synopsis The History of the Discovery and Study of Russian Medieval Painting by : Gerol'd I. Vzdornov
Download or read book The History of the Discovery and Study of Russian Medieval Painting written by Gerol'd I. Vzdornov and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first study in any language to trace the emergence of the art historical interest in icon painting in the nineteenth century with its evident impact on the course of Russian modernism in the twentieth century. Given the surge in popularity of the Russian avant-garde, a book devoted to the gradual awareness of the artistic value of icons and their effect on Russian aesthetics is timely. The discoveries, the false starts, the incompetence, the interaction of dilettantes and academics, the meddling of tsars and church officials, all make for a fascinating tale of growing cultural awarenss. It is a story that prepares the ground for the explosioin of Russian cultural creativity and acceptability in the early twentieth century.
Download or read book Superfoods written by Jeffrey P. Miller and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superfoods have come to the forefront of the public imagination due to a combination of presumed health benefits and cultural mystique. Much of the literature on these foods, however, is based upon rostrums and diet plans that accept the health claims of superfoods without subjecting them to rigorous scrutiny. Superfoods: Cultural and Scientific Perspectives examines these food products from a blended science and cultural viewpoint, presenting a balanced, evidence-based view of each food item. Following a discussion of “superfoods” as a category, the book’s chapters examine individual superfoods, including but not limited to: avocados, chocolate, wine, berries, and fish oil. Presented in a systemic manner, each chapter provides a cultural history of the superfood; a survey of the current state of nutritional research on the food and its health claims; an exploration of related science topics to enhance understanding of the superfood, (i.e., a survey of the botany, biology, or chemistry studies); social issues associated with the superfood, such as sustainability, environmental health concerns, agricultural issues, fair trade and marketing issues; and one to three recipes featuring the superfood. This combination of scientific and cultural perspectives makes Superfoods an invaluable reference for academics, industry professionals, and lay-readers alike.
