Identities In Civil Conflict

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War of Visions

Author : Francis M. Deng
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815723691
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis War of Visions by : Francis M. Deng

Download or read book War of Visions written by Francis M. Deng and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil war that has intermittently raged in the Sudan since independence in 1956 is, according to Francis Deng, a conflict of contrasting and seemingly incompatible identities in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. Identity is seen as a function of how people identify themselves and are identified in racial, ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious terms. The identity question related to how such concepts determine or influence participation and distribution in the political, economic, social, and cultural life of the country. War of Visions aims at shedding light on the anomalies of the identity conflict. The competing models in the Sudan are the Arab-Islamic mold of the North, representing two-thirds of the country in territory and population, and the remaining Southern third, which is indigenously African in race, ethnicity, culture, and religion, with an educated Christianized elite. But although the North is popularly defined as racially Arab, the people are a hybrid of Arab and African elements, with the African physical characteristics predominating in most tribal groups. This configuration is the result of a historical process that stratified races, cultures, and religions, and fostered a "passing" into the Arab-Islamic mold that discriminated against the African race and cultures. The outcome of this process is a polarization that is based more on myth than on the realities of the situation. The identity crisis has been further complicated by the fact that Northerners want to fashion the country on the basis of their Arab- Islamic identity, while the South is decidedly resistant. Francis Deng presents three alternative approaches to the identity crisis. First, he argues that by bringing to the surface the realities of the African elements of identity in the North-- thereby revealing characteristics shared by all Sudanese--a new basis for the creation of a common identity could be established that fosters equitable

Foreign Fighters

Author : David Malet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199939454
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Foreign Fighters by : David Malet

Download or read book Foreign Fighters written by David Malet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Fighters is the comprehensive study of foreign fighters examines patterns of recruitment using original data sets and detailed diverse case studies, and how recruiters use frames of existential threat to strengthen rebel groups.

Civil War Citizens

Author : Susannah J. Ural
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814785719
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil War Citizens by : Susannah J. Ural

Download or read book Civil War Citizens written by Susannah J. Ural and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At its core, the Civil War was a conflict over the meaning of citizenship. Most famously, it became a struggle over whether or not to grant rights to a group that stood outside the pale of civil-society: African Americans. But other groups--namely Jews, Germans, the Irish, and Native Americans--also became part of this struggle to exercise rights stripped from them by legislation, court rulings, and the prejudices that defined the age. Grounded in extensive research by experts in their respective fields, Civil War Citizens is the first volume to collectively analyze the wartime experiences of those who lived outside the dominant white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant citizenry of nineteenth-century America. The essays examine the momentous decisions made by these communities in the face of war, their desire for full citizenship, the complex loyalties that shaped their actions, and the inspiring and heartbreaking results of their choices-- choices that still echo through the United States today. Contributors: Stephen D. Engle, William McKee Evans, David T. Gleeson, Andrea Mehrländer, Joseph P. Reidy, Robert N. Rosen, and Susannah J. Ural.

After Civil War

Author : Bill Kissane
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812290305
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis After Civil War by : Bill Kissane

Download or read book After Civil War written by Bill Kissane and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Civil war inevitably causes shifts in state boundaries, demographics, systems of rule, and the bases of legitimate authority—many of the markers of national identity. Yet a shared sense of nationhood is as important to political reconciliation as the reconstruction of state institutions and economic security. After Civil War compares reconstruction projects in Bosnia, Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Kosovo, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Spain, and Turkey in order to explore how former combatants and their supporters learn to coexist as one nation in the aftermath of ethnopolitical or ideological violence. After Civil War synthesizes research on civil wars, reconstruction, and nationalism to show how national identity is reconstructed over time in different cultural and socioeconomic contexts, in strong nation-states as well as those with a high level of international intervention. Chapters written by anthropologists, historians, political scientists, and sociologists examine the relationships between reconstruction and reconciliation, the development of new party systems after war, and how globalization affects the processes of peacebuilding. After Civil War thus provides a comprehensive, comparative perspective to a wide span of recent political history, showing postconflict articulations of national identity can emerge in the long run within conducive institutional contexts. Contributors: Risto Alapuro, Vesna Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Chares Demetriou, James Hughes, Joost Jongerden, Bill Kissane, Denisa Kostovicova, Michael Richards, Ruth Seifert, Riki van Boeschoten.

Identities in Civil Conflict

Author : Eva Bernauer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3658141522
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (581 download)

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Book Synopsis Identities in Civil Conflict by : Eva Bernauer

Download or read book Identities in Civil Conflict written by Eva Bernauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eva Bernauer predicts civil conflicts based upon the political exclusion of identity groups and their transnational links to external governments. The innovation lies in a simultaneous consideration of three identities – ethnicity, religion, and class-based ideology – thus extending previous studies with merely an ethnic focus. Most importantly, such a perspective implies a shift towards a society’s unique three-dimensional identity setup, upon which the excluded population and their transnational links can be determined. The author presents original data on the three-dimensional identity setup for 57 countries and introduces a formal model where rebel leaders strategically use identities to garner the support of the population. Key quantities of interest, such as the largest excluded subgroup or the number of identity links to external governments, are tested in several quantitative analyses as predictors for the onset of civil conflicts. The author shows that there is an added value of extending the mere ethnic perspective to also encompass religion and class-based ideology.

Military Integration after Civil Wars

Author : Florence Gaub
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136896031
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Integration after Civil Wars by : Florence Gaub

Download or read book Military Integration after Civil Wars written by Florence Gaub and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role of multiethnic armies in post-conflict reconstruction, and demonstrates how they can promote peacebuilding efforts. The author challenges the assumption that multiethnic composition leads to weakness of the military, and shows how a multiethnic army is frequently the impetus for peacemaking in multiethnic societies. Three case studies (Nigeria, Lebanon and Bosnia-Herzegovina) determine that rather than external factors, it is the internal structures that make or break the military institution in a socially challenging environment. The book finds that where the political will is present, the multiethnic military can become a symbol of reconciliation and coexistence. Furthermore, it shows that the military as a professional identity can supersede ethnic considerations and thus facilitates cooperation within the armed forces despite a hostile post-conflict setting. In this, the book challenges widespread theories about ethnic identities and puts professional identities on an equal footing with them. The book will be of great interest to students of military studies, ethnic conflict, conflict studies and peacebuilding, and IR in general Florence Gaub is a Researcher and Lecturer at the NATO Defence College in Rome. She holds a PhD in International Politics from Humboldt University, Berlin.

The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa

Author : John F. McCauley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107175011
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa by : John F. McCauley

Download or read book The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa written by John F. McCauley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is aimed at students and scholars of conflict, Africa, ethnic politics, and religion. It may also appeal to religious and political leaders. It proposes a new perspective on how ethnicity and religion shape political outcomes and violence in Africa, adding psychological elements to standard political science arguments.

Alliance Formation in Civil Wars

Author : Fotini Christia
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139851756
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Alliance Formation in Civil Wars by : Fotini Christia

Download or read book Alliance Formation in Civil Wars written by Fotini Christia and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the most brutal and long-lasting civil wars of our time involve the rapid formation and disintegration of alliances among warring groups, as well as fractionalization within them. It would be natural to suppose that warring groups form alliances based on shared identity considerations - such as Christian groups allying with Christian groups - but this is not what we see. Two groups that identify themselves as bitter foes one day, on the basis of some identity narrative, might be allies the next day and vice versa. Nor is any group, however homogeneous, safe from internal fractionalization. Rather, looking closely at the civil wars in Afghanistan and Bosnia and testing against the broader universe of fifty-three cases of multiparty civil wars, Fotini Christia finds that the relative power distribution between and within various warring groups is the primary driving force behind alliance formation, alliance changes, group splits and internal group takeovers.

The Logic of Violence in Civil War

Author : Stathis N. Kalyvas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113945692X
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Violence in Civil War by : Stathis N. Kalyvas

Download or read book The Logic of Violence in Civil War written by Stathis N. Kalyvas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analytically decoupling war and violence, this book explores the causes and dynamics of violence in civil war. Against the prevailing view that such violence is an instance of impenetrable madness, the book demonstrates that there is logic to it and that it has much less to do with collective emotions, ideologies, and cultures than currently believed. Kalyvas specifies a novel theory of selective violence: it is jointly produced by political actors seeking information and individual civilians trying to avoid the worst but also grabbing what opportunities their predicament affords them. Violence, he finds, is never a simple reflection of the optimal strategy of its users; its profoundly interactive character defeats simple maximization logics while producing surprising outcomes, such as relative nonviolence in the 'frontlines' of civil war.

Innocence and Loss

Author : Cristina Alsina Rísquez
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443860697
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Innocence and Loss by : Cristina Alsina Rísquez

Download or read book Innocence and Loss written by Cristina Alsina Rísquez and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fierce national outcry for righteously waging war has long dominated American culture. From at least the wildly popular Spanish-American War and the US military invasion of the Philippines that infuriated Mark Twain, right up to the current Global War on Terrorism, this is a deadly, dark current coursing throughout American history. Meanwhile, dissenting analyses of the “patriotic gore” have until recently been paid scant attention in the popular media. Delving into this history, this probing collection of essays explores ways in which “the compulsive redeployment of innocence” in the launching, cheering, and retelling of America’s wars “endlessly defers a national reckoning,” as the editors astutely state in their introduction. The works in this collection reflect an effort to add more voices where they are desperately needed.

Foreign Fighters

Author : David Malet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199339880
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Foreign Fighters by : David Malet

Download or read book Foreign Fighters written by David Malet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In conflict zones around the world, the phenomenon of foreign insurgents fighting on behalf of local rebel groups is a common occurrence. They have been an increasing source of concern because they engage in deadlier attacks than local fighters do. They also violate international laws and norms of citizenship. And because of their zeal, their adversaries - often the most powerful countries in the world - are frequently incapable of deterring them. Foreign fighters have made headlines in recent wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia, and the term is widely equated with militant Islamists. However, foreign fighters are not a new phenomenon. Throughout modern history, outside combatants have fought on behalf of causes ranging from international communism to aggrieved ethnic groups. Analyzing the long history of foreign fighters in the modern era helps us understand why they join insurgencies, what drives their behavior, and what policymakers can do in response. In Foreign Fighters, David Malet examines how insurgencies recruit individuals from abroad who would seem to have no direct connection to a distant war. Remarkably, the same recruiting strategies have been employed successfully in all foreign fighter cases, regardless of the particular circumstances of a conflict. Malet also catalogues foreign fighters in civil wars over the past two centuries, providing data indicating that they are disproportionately successful and growing in number. Detailed case histories constructed from archival material and original interviews demonstrate the same recruitment patterns in highly diverse conflicts including the Texas Revolution, the Spanish Civil War, the Israeli War of Independence, and the Afghanistan War. The results show that foreign fighters from Davy Crockett to George Orwell to Osama bin Laden create and respond to strategically crafted appeals to defend transnational communities under dire threat.

Diversity, Violence, and Recognition

Author : Elisabeth King
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0197509452
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Diversity, Violence, and Recognition by : Elisabeth King

Download or read book Diversity, Violence, and Recognition written by Elisabeth King and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When considering strategies to address violent conflict, an enduring debate concerns the wisdom of recognizing versus avoiding reference to ethnic identities. This book asks: Under what conditions do governments manage internal violent conflicts by formally recognizing different ethnic identities? And, moreover, what are the implications for peace? Introducing the concept of "ethnic recognition", and building on a theory rooted in ethnic power configurations, the book examines the merits, risks, and trade-offs of publicly recognizing ethnic groups in state institutions as compared to not doing so, on sought-after outcomes such as political inclusiveness, the decline of political violence, economic vitality, and the improvement of democracy. It draws on both global cross-national quantitative analysis of post-conflict constitutions, settlements, and institutions since 1990, as well as in-depth qualitative case studies of Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia. Findings show that recognition is adopted about forty percent of the time and is much more likely when the leader is from the largest ethnic group, as opposed to an ethnic minority. Moreover, all else equal, recognition promotes peace better than non-recognition under plurality leadership. Under minority leadership, peace outcomes are neither better nor worse. These findings should be of great interest to social scientists studying peace, democracy, and development, and of practical relevance to policy makers attempting to make these concepts a reality around the world"--

Uncivil Agreement

Author : Lilliana Mason
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022652468X
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncivil Agreement by : Lilliana Mason

Download or read book Uncivil Agreement written by Lilliana Mason and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychology behind political partisanship: “The kind of research that will change not just how you think about the world but how you think about yourself.” —Ezra Klein, Vox Political polarization in America has moved beyond disagreements about matters of policy. For the first time in decades, research has shown that members of both parties hold strongly unfavorable views of their opponents. This is polarization rooted in social identity, and it is growing. The campaign and election of Donald Trump laid bare this fact of the American electorate, its successful rhetoric of “us versus them” tapping into a powerful current of anger and resentment. With Uncivil Agreement, Lilliana Mason looks at the growing social gulf across racial, religious, and cultural lines, which have recently come to divide neatly between the two major political parties. She argues that group identifications have changed the way we think and feel about ourselves and our opponents. Even when Democrats and Republicans can agree on policy outcomes, they tend to view one other with distrust and to work for party victory over all else. Although the polarizing effects of social divisions have simplified our electoral choices and increased political engagement, they have not been a force that is, on balance, helpful for American democracy. Bringing together theory from political science and social psychology, Uncivil Agreement clearly describes this increasingly “social” type of polarization, and adds much to our understanding of contemporary politics.

Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory

Author : Shelley McKeown
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319298690
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory by : Shelley McKeown

Download or read book Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory written by Shelley McKeown and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together perspectives on social identity and peace psychology to explore the role that categorization plays in both conflict and peace-building. To do so, it draws leading scholars from across the world in a comprehensive exploration of social identity theory and its application to some of the world’s most pressing problems, such as intrastate conflict, uprising in the middle east, the refugee crisis, global warming, racism and peace building. A crucial theme of the volume is that social identity theory affects all of us, no matter whether we are currently in a state of conflict or one further along in the peace process. The volume is organized into two sections. Section 1 focuses on the development of social identity theory. Grounded in the pioneering work of Dr. Henri Tajfel, section 1 provides the reader with a historical background of the theory, as well as its current developments. Then, section 2 brings together a series of country case studies focusing on issues of identity across five continents. This section enables cross-cultural comparisons in terms of methodology and findings, and encourages the reader to identify general applications of identity to the understanding of peace as well as applications that may be more relevant in specific contexts. Taken together, these two sections provide a contemporary and diverse account of the state of social identity research in conflict situations and peace psychology today. It is evident that any account of peace requires an intricate understanding of identity both as a cause and consequence of conflict, as well as a potential resource to be harnessed in the promotion and maintenance of peace. Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory: Contemporary Global Perspectives aims to help achieve such an understanding and as such is a valuable resource to those studying peace and conflict, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, public policy makers, and all those interested in the ways in which social identity impacts our world.

Identity, Citizenship, and Political Conflict in Africa

Author : Edmond J. Keller
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253011892
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Identity, Citizenship, and Political Conflict in Africa by : Edmond J. Keller

Download or read book Identity, Citizenship, and Political Conflict in Africa written by Edmond J. Keller and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Engaging…detailed with current information about the situation in many African countries.” —African Studies Quarterly Reflecting on the processes of nation-building and citizenship formation in Africa, Edmond J. Keller believes that although some deep parochial identities have eroded, they have not disappeared—and may be more assertive than previously thought, especially in instances of political conflict. Keller reconsiders how national identity has been understood in Africa and presents new approaches to identity politics, intergroup relations, state-society relations, and notions of national citizenship and citizenship rights. Focusing on Nigeria, Ethiopia, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, and Rwanda, he lays the foundation for a new understanding of political transition in contemporary Africa. “This book would certainly be useful in graduate seminars on African politics, African history or ethnic politics. It is written in a clear, straightforward style that also makes it appropriate for use in advanced undergraduate classes. Keller also offers insights for policymakers and development practitioners who continue to grapple with the real-world consequences of citizenship conflicts.”—Journal of Modern African Studies

Civil Wars

Author : Stathis N. Kalyvas
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 9780745645421
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Wars by : Stathis N. Kalyvas

Download or read book Civil Wars written by Stathis N. Kalyvas and published by Polity. This book was released on 1991-01-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict

Author : F. Stewart
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230582729
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict by : F. Stewart

Download or read book Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict written by F. Stewart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on econometric evidence and in-depth studies of West Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, this book explores how horizontal inequalities - ethnic, religious or racial - are a source of violent conflict and how political, economic and cultural status inequalities have contributed. Policies to reverse inequality would reduce these risks.