Identifying Novel Disease Resistance And Drought Tolerance Genes In A Synthetic Nam Population

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Identifying Novel Disease Resistance and Drought Tolerance Genes in a Synthetic NAM Population

Author : Nikayla Strauss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Identifying Novel Disease Resistance and Drought Tolerance Genes in a Synthetic NAM Population by : Nikayla Strauss

Download or read book Identifying Novel Disease Resistance and Drought Tolerance Genes in a Synthetic NAM Population written by Nikayla Strauss and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat was domesticated approximately 10,000 years ago when the tetraploid grass Triticum turgidum (AABB) is thought to have hybridized with the diploid grass Aegilops tauschii Coss. (DD), resulting in hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum (AABBDD). Most research confirms the D-genome was the last genome to be introduced, is the least diverse, and tends to have fewer known markers. This distinct lack of diversity has hindered breeders and geneticists; diversity could lead to higher yields, better end-use quality, and increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Synthetic wheat is a tool that can be used to incorporate genetic diversity and provide disease resistance genes not found in common germplasm. Synthetic wheat is made by recreating the hybridization that led to T. aestivum using different subspecies of both T. durum and Ae. tauschii. The result is a primary synthetic hexaploid wheat (AABBDD) that has diverse alleles and trait combinations, and can be readily crossed into adapted germplasm. In addition to being a source of novel disease resistance genes, synthetic wheat lines are also known to have more diverse root systems. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate a synthetic nested association mapping population, the D-genome Nested Association Mapping Population (DNAM) for novel abiotic and biotic stress tolerance genes. Multiple projects involved screening selections of the DNAM population for resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum), and cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi). One novel gene was found to confer resistance to both H. filipjevi and avenae cereal cyst nematodes. Moderate resistance to fusarium crown rot was also detected, but is contributed both from the recurrent parent of the population as well as by several A. tauschii donor parents. A subset of the DNAM was also used for a three-year, nine environment drought study. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain protein concentration and quality across all nine environments, and nine QTL contributing to those same traits within individual environments.

Genetically Engineered Crops

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309437385
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetically Engineered Crops by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

Laboratory protocols: CIMMYT Applied molecular genetics laboratory

Author :
Publisher : CIMMYT
ISBN 13 : 9686923306
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboratory protocols: CIMMYT Applied molecular genetics laboratory by :

Download or read book Laboratory protocols: CIMMYT Applied molecular genetics laboratory written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1994 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rice Improvement

Author : Jauhar Ali
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030665305
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Rice Improvement by : Jauhar Ali

Download or read book Rice Improvement written by Jauhar Ali and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.

The World Wheat Book

Author : Alain P. Bonjean
Publisher : Intercept Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781898298724
Total Pages : 1131 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The World Wheat Book by : Alain P. Bonjean

Download or read book The World Wheat Book written by Alain P. Bonjean and published by Intercept Limited. This book was released on 2001-01 with total page 1131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a comprehensive history of wheat across all its main areas of production. New techniques such as in vitro culture now enable the development of a greater level of understanding of the genetics of wheat.

Wheat Landraces

Author : Nusret Zencirci
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030773884
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Wheat Landraces by : Nusret Zencirci

Download or read book Wheat Landraces written by Nusret Zencirci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.

Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice

Author : International Rice Research Institute
Publisher : Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN 13 : 9711040786
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice by : International Rice Research Institute

Download or read book Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Managing Global Genetic Resources

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309131863
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Global Genetic Resources by : National Research Council

Download or read book Managing Global Genetic Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.

Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Cereals

Author : Mohar Singh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8132236130
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Cereals by : Mohar Singh

Download or read book Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Cereals written by Mohar Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive coverage of important grain cereals including their origin and distribution, crop gene pool, level of diversity, production constraints, traits of importance for genetic base widening, crop improvement methodologies, genome mapping, genomics for breeding, and future strategies. The chapters, contributed by eminent crop researchers from around the world, provide rare insights into the crop-specific constraints and prospects drawing from their substantial experience. As such, the book offers an essential source of information for grain cereals scientists, teachers, students, policy planners and developmental experts alike. Grain cereals, which comprise rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum and millets, are members of the grass family. These crops are vital to human nutrition, thanks to their roles as staple food crops in different parts of the globe. Some of them are rich sources of carbohydrates, which provide energy, while others are important sources of minerals, vitamins and proteins, in addition to their medicinal properties. In most cereals, the existing variability among elite germplasm has been exploited to attain a desirable level of productivity. However, to make further breakthroughs in enhancing yield and improving stability in future crop cultivars, new sources of genes/alleles need to be identified in wild/weedy species and incorporated into the cultivated varieties. Though there have been many publications on various aspects of grain cereal improvement in the recent past, to date this essential information has remained scattered among different periodicals.

Agrobiodiversity Conservation

Author : Nigel Maxted
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845938518
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Agrobiodiversity Conservation by : Nigel Maxted

Download or read book Agrobiodiversity Conservation written by Nigel Maxted and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the 2010 conference "Towards the establishment of genetic reserves for crop wild relatives and landraces in Europe", this book is the cutting edge discussion of agrobiodiversity conservation. By considering the benefits of understanding and preserving crop wild relatives and landraces, it encompasses issues as wide-ranging and topical as habitat protection, ecosystem health and food security. Focusing on Europe, but globally relevant, Agrobiodiversity Conservation is ideal for postgraduate students of conservation and environmental studies, conservation professionals, policy makers and researchers.

Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research

Author : P.W. Rundel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461234980
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research by : P.W. Rundel

Download or read book Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research written by P.W. Rundel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of stable isotope ratios represents one of the most exciting new technical advances in environmental sciences. In this book, leading experts offer the first survey of applications of stable isotope analysis to ecological research. Central topics are - plant physiology studies - food webs and animal metabolism - biogeochemical fluxes. Extensive coverage is given to natural isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and strontium in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Ecologists of diverse research interests, as well as agronomists, anthropologists, and geochemists will value this overview for its wealth of information on theoretical background, experimental approaches, and technical design of studies utilizing stable isotope ratios.

Durable Resistance in Crops

Author : F. Lamberti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461593050
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Durable Resistance in Crops by : F. Lamberti

Download or read book Durable Resistance in Crops written by F. Lamberti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases and pests are a major constraint to agricultural production despite the various measures used to control them. Chemical control, although often e~~ective, may pose environmental hazards and is relatively expensive, especially in developing countries where it may be completely uneconomic. Control through genetically mediated resistance to diseases and pests, is both cheap and environmentally sa~e and at present most diseases and pests o~ staple ~ood crops are controlled through some form of resistance. One of the basic problems in the use of resistance is its ~re quent lack of durability; very often a type of resistance is used that 'breaks down' after a certain period. The temporary nature of this resistance, due to the development of new strains of pest or pathogen able to overcome it, has seriously hindered the improvement o~ the yield potential of many crops as a continuing effort is needed to replace old cultivars who resistance has failed, with new ones. Following Vanderplank's now classical publications (1963, 1968) which differentiated horizontal and vertical resistance, studies on several host-parasite systems have shown that di~ferent types of resistance can be distinguished genetically and epidemiologically, and on the ability o~ the pests or pathogens to adapt to them. A knowledge of how resistance operates at the population level has also opened up possibilities of 'managing' relatively simple resistance types in such a way that a stable host-pathogen system can be pro duced with a minimum of crop loss.

Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I

Author : Vijay Rani Rajpal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319919563
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I by : Vijay Rani Rajpal

Download or read book Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I written by Vijay Rani Rajpal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abiotic stresses such as drought (water deficit), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), salinity (sodicity) and mineral (metal and metalloid) toxicity limit productivity of crop plants worldwide and are big threats to global food security. With worsening climate change scenarios, these stresses will further increase in intensity and frequency. Improving tolerance to abiotic stresses, therefore, has become a major objective in crop breeding programs. A lot of research has been conducted on the regulatory mechanisms, signaling pathways governing these abiotic stresses, and cross talk among them in various model and non-model species. Also, various ‘omics’ platforms have been utilized to unravel the candidate genes underpinning various abiotic stresses, which have increased our understanding of the tolerance mechanisms at structural, physiological, transcriptional and molecular level. Further, a wealth of information has been generated on the role of chromatin assembly and its remodeling under stress and on the epigenetic dynamics via histones modifications. The book consolidates outlooks, perspectives and updates on the research conducted by scientists in the abovementioned areas. The information covered in this book will therefore interest workers in all areas of plant sciences. The results presented on multiple crops will be useful to scientists in building strategies to counter these stresses in plants. In addition, students who are beginners in the areas of abiotic stress tolerance will find this book handy to clear their concepts and to get an update on the research conducted in various crops at one place

Physiological Breeding

Author : Alistair Pask
Publisher : CIMMYT
ISBN 13 : 9706481826
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiological Breeding by : Alistair Pask

Download or read book Physiological Breeding written by Alistair Pask and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease

Author : Henryk Czosnek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140204769X
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease by : Henryk Czosnek

Download or read book Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease written by Henryk Czosnek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-23 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideally suited to horticulturalists and plant virologists, this highly useful text offers a multidisciplinary view on one of the major diseases of tomato crops, the tomato yellow leaf curl disease. It deals with epidemiological aspects of the disease as well as integrated pest management in the field. Coverage discusses the efforts aimed at breeding tomato plants resistant to the virus by classical breeding, by marker-assisted breeding and by genetic engineering.

Plant Resistance to Viruses

Author : David Evered
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470513578
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Resistance to Viruses by : David Evered

Download or read book Plant Resistance to Viruses written by David Evered and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about the environmental consequences of the widespread use of pesticides has increased, and evidence of pesticide-resistant virus vectors have continued to emerge. This volume presents a timely survey of the mechanisms of plant resistance and examines current developments in breeding for resistance, with particular emphasis on advances in genetic engineering which allow for the incorporation of viral genetic material into plants. Discusses the mechanisms of innate resistance in strains of tobacco, tomato, and cowpea; various aspects of induced resistance, including the characterization and roles of the pathogenesis-related proteins; antiviral substances and their comparison with interferon; and cross-protection between plant virus strains. Also presents several papers which evaluate the status of genetic engineering as it relates to breeding resistant plants. Among these are discussions of the potential use of plant viruses as gene vectors, gene coding for viral coat protein, satellite RNA, and antisense RNA, and practical issues such as the durability of resistant crop plants in the field.

Return to Resistance

Author : Raoul A. Robinson
Publisher : IDRC
ISBN 13 : 9780889367746
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (677 download)

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Book Synopsis Return to Resistance by : Raoul A. Robinson

Download or read book Return to Resistance written by Raoul A. Robinson and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1996 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the tradition of Silent Spring, Raoul Robinson's Return to Resistance calls for a revolution. Traditional plant breeding techniques have led us to depend more and more on chemical pesticides to protect ourcrops. Return to Resistance shows gardeners, farmers, and plant breeders how to use a long-neglected technique to create hardy new plant varieties that are naturally resistant to pests and disease. Horizontal resistance breeding has been largely ignored in this century due to the popularity and apparent successes of the Mendelian geneticists. However the colossal, unrecognized failure of m.