Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Economic Traits in Beef Cattle

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Book Synopsis Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Economic Traits in Beef Cattle by : Mohammed K. Abo-Ismail

Download or read book Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Economic Traits in Beef Cattle written by Mohammed K. Abo-Ismail and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Identification of Loci Associated with Economically Important Traits in Cattle

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Loci Associated with Economically Important Traits in Cattle by : Mahesh Neupane

Download or read book Identification of Loci Associated with Economically Important Traits in Cattle written by Mahesh Neupane and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification of loci associated with BRD, fertility and polymelia offers new opportunities for producers to select cattle that have improved health and performance.

Multi-breed Identification of Loci Associated with Fertility Traits in Heifers and Cows

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-breed Identification of Loci Associated with Fertility Traits in Heifers and Cows by : Kayleen Farron Oliver

Download or read book Multi-breed Identification of Loci Associated with Fertility Traits in Heifers and Cows written by Kayleen Farron Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To improve the ability of cattle to conceive and maintain a full-term pregnancy, two studies were undertaken. The objectives of the first study were to identify loci and gene-sets in crossbred beef heifers associated with conception at the first service (HCR1) or multiple services (TBRD). Heifers (n = 709) from a commercial beef operation underwent one round of artificial insemination, before exposure to bulls for natural service for 50 days. Pregnancy and time of conception were determined by ultrasound 35 days after the conclusion of the breeding season so that 300 heifers could be selected for genotyping with 43,984 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) identified one locus as associated (P = 8.97 × 10-6) with TBRD on BTA19. A gene-set enrichment analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (GSEA-SNP) identified one gene-set as enriched (NES = 3.15) with TBRD. The objectives of the second study were to identify loci, positional candidate genes, gene-sets, and pathways associated with spontaneous abortion (SA) in Holstein heifers and primiparous cows and compare these results with previous human SA studies to determine the suitability of cattle as a human SA model. Cattle were selected for genotyping after pregnancy was determined at gestation day 35 and calving dates were recorded. A GWAA, GSEA-SNP and an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis compared 43,984 genotypes of 499 heifers and 498 cows that calved at full-term to 62 heifers and 28 cows experiencing SA. Twenty-three loci and 21 positional candidate genes were associated (P 1 × 10-5) with SA and eight gene-sets (NES 3.0) were enriched for SA. Of the genes and gene sets associated with fertility in cattle, one positional candidate gene and two gene-set had also previously been associated with human SA. These studies identified loci, genes, and gene-sets associated with fertility and provide support for using cattle as a potential model for fertility traits such as SA in humans.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Genes Affecting Production Traits in Dairy Cattle

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Quantitative Trait Genes Affecting Production Traits in Dairy Cattle by : Stacy D. Leonard

Download or read book Identification of Quantitative Trait Genes Affecting Production Traits in Dairy Cattle written by Stacy D. Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781493973880
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum by : Chris Hawes

Download or read book The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Chris Hawes and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a range of different techniques that have been used to characterize the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in higher plants. Chapters guide readers through application of modern microscopy techniques by fluorescence and electron microscopy, new protocols for analysing ER network structure, methods to purify and analyse ER membrane structure and to study protein glycosylation, protocols to study the unfolded protein response, and the role of the ER in autophagy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Bovine Prolactin, Melatonin Receptor 1A, and Dopamine Receptor D2 Genes with Hair Coat Shedding Scores and Productivity Traits in Beef Cattle

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Bovine Prolactin, Melatonin Receptor 1A, and Dopamine Receptor D2 Genes with Hair Coat Shedding Scores and Productivity Traits in Beef Cattle by : Laura Ruth Meyer

Download or read book Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Bovine Prolactin, Melatonin Receptor 1A, and Dopamine Receptor D2 Genes with Hair Coat Shedding Scores and Productivity Traits in Beef Cattle written by Laura Ruth Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calving rate is a qualitative trait regulated by several genes and is strongly affected by the environment. With the development of biotechnology and gene identification, scientists are able to determine which genes affect these productivity traits to improve accurate selection decisions. Prolactin (PRL) has been associated with reproductive traits, melatonin receptor 1a (MTNR1A) has been associated with meat quality traits, and the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene has been associated with hair coat score (HCS) in cattle. Our objective was to determine associations between mutations in the PRL, MTNR1A, and DRD2 genes and cow-calf profitability traits. Genomic DNA was extracted from buffy coat samples of Angus-based crossbred cows (n = 170). Relationships were determined using mixed model ANOVA with genotype, year, and cow age group as main affects. When F-tests were significant, means were separated using multiple t-tests and Tukey's adjustment. We identified three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the PRL gene of cattle (C1286T, A1128T, G8398A), five SNP sites in MTNR1A (A541G, G575A, A583G, T679C, C721T) and one SNP site in DRD2 (A534G). Three years (2012 - 2014) of performance data were used to determine relationships to SNP genotypes. Mutation site C1286T, in the PRL gene, affected (P = 0.038) both calving rate and cow efficiency. Calf weaning weight and adjusted 205-d weight tended (P

Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bovine Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptor 2 Genes and Estimation of Genetic Trend in IGF-I Concentration and Correlated Response in Growth Traits in Lines of Angus Beef Cattle Divergently Selected for Serum IGF-I Concentration

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (148 download)

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Book Synopsis Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bovine Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptor 2 Genes and Estimation of Genetic Trend in IGF-I Concentration and Correlated Response in Growth Traits in Lines of Angus Beef Cattle Divergently Selected for Serum IGF-I Concentration by : Wei-Cheng Huang

Download or read book Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bovine Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptor 2 Genes and Estimation of Genetic Trend in IGF-I Concentration and Correlated Response in Growth Traits in Lines of Angus Beef Cattle Divergently Selected for Serum IGF-I Concentration written by Wei-Cheng Huang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A selection experiment was established in 1989 to investigate developmental patterns of serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in purebred Angus cattle. At the beginning of the selection experiment, 100 spring-calving (50 high line and 50 low line) and 100 fall-calving (50 high line and 50 low line) calves with unknown IGF-I concentration were randomly assigned to the selection lines at the Eastern Agricultural Research Station, Belle Valley, OH. Previous studies have shown that polymorphisms in the growth hormone gene are associated with production traits in cattle (Lagziel et al., 1996; Lee et al., 1996; Yao et al., 1996). Somatostatin (SST) plays an important role in inhibiting the secretion of growth hormone. Somatostatin action is mediated through its five G-protein-coupled receptors (SSTR15̃). Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate whether there were polymorphisms in bovine SST and SSTR2 genes that might affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from 410 Angus cattle born in spring and fall of 2000 to 2002 at the Eastern Agricultural Research Station. The entire region of SST and SSTR2 was amplified using four overlapping primer pairs. The pool and sequence method was used to detect polymorphisms. Five cattle, one randomly chosen from each of five of the eight combinations of sex, season, and line, formed an Angus panel. One animal from each of five different breeds (Chianina, Holstein, Jersey, Polled Hereford, and Shorthorn) formed a breed panel for polymorphism detection. Eleven SNPs, SST111 (DraIII), SST1778 (Earl), SST1788 and SST1836 (MnlI) in SST, and SSTR339 (BccI), SSTR393 (Hpy1881), SSTR366 (BstF5I), SSTR495, SSTR501, SSTR558 (BsrI), and SSTR760 (BstEII) in SSTR2, were detected in our study. Four new SNPs were identified in the sequence of the SST gene. One new SNP (SST111), which can be identified by restriction enzyme DraIII, was detected in the promoter region of the somatostatin gene. This polymorphism involves an A to C transversion at nucleotide position 111. One polymorphism (SST 1778), which can be identified by restriction enzyme Earl, was detected in the 3' region of the somatostatin gene in the Angus panel. This polymorphism involves a C to T transition at nucleotide position 1778. One polymorphism (SST1788), which can not be identified by restriction enzymes, was detected in the 3' region of the somatostatin gene in the Angus panel. This polymorphism involves a C to G transversion at nucleotide position 1788. Another polymorphism (SST1836), which can be identified by restriction enzyme MnlI, was detected in the 3' region of the somatostatin gene in the breed panel. This polymorphism involves a G to A transition at nucleotide position 1836. Seven new SNPs were identified in the coding region of the SSTR2 gene. For the first SNP, SSTR339 (BccI), the transversion (C339G) at nucleotide position 339 results in an amino acid substitution (Ile113Met). The second SNP, SSTR366 In (BstF5I), involves a C to T transition in codon 122. This polymorphism does not change the amino acid glycine. These two SNPs were found in both panels. The third SNP, SSTR393 (Hpy188I), involves T to C transition in codon 131. This polymorphism does not change the amino acid cysteine. This polymorphism was only found in the Angus panel. The fourth SNP, SSTR495, which involves a G to A transition in codon 165, occurred only in the breed panel. This polymorphism does not change the amino acid cysteine. The fifth SNP, SSTR501, which involves a T to C transition in codon 167, occurred only in the Angus panel. This polymorphism does not change the amino acid cysteine. Two polymorphisms were found only in the breed panel. For the first SNP, SSTR760 (BstEII), the transversion (A760T) at nucleotide position 760 results in an amino acid substitution (Thr254Ser). For the second SNP, SSTR558 (BsrI), the transversion (G558C) at nucleotide position 558 also results in an amino acid substitution (Glu 186His). To estimate genetic parameters for growth traits and IGF-I concentration and to estimate direct and correlated responses to divergent selection for serum IGF-I concentration was our second objective. This study included the 1989 through 2002 calf crops. (Co)variance components were estimated for direct and maternal additive genetic effects using an animal model and Multiple-Trait Derivative-Free, Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML) computer programs. Estimated breeding values were also calculated. Estimates of direct heritability for growth traits from a single trait model were generally moderate and ranged from 0.33 to 0.62, with birth weight having the smallest heritability and gain during the 20-d adjustment period between weaning and the beginning of the postweaning test having the highest heritability. Heritability estimates for direct effects were 0.38 ± 0.07, 0.42 ± 0.07, 0.33 ± 0.07, and 0.44 ± 0.07 for IGF-I concentration at d 28, 42, and 56 of the 140-d postweaning period, and for mean IGF-I concentration, respectively. Maternal heritability and the proportion of phenotypic variance due to permanent environmental effect of dam were generally

The Use of High-density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Panels in Hereford Beef Cattle

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (777 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of High-density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Panels in Hereford Beef Cattle by : Yijian Huang

Download or read book The Use of High-density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Panels in Hereford Beef Cattle written by Yijian Huang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evolutionary Relationships and Signatures of Selection in Cattle Established Using Genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Relationships and Signatures of Selection in Cattle Established Using Genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms by : Jared E. Decker

Download or read book Evolutionary Relationships and Signatures of Selection in Cattle Established Using Genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms written by Jared E. Decker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray assays were primarily developed for association studies, they are a powerful tool in the study of evolution and population genetics. The applications of SNP genotypes to phylogenomics and population genetics were extended in this dissertation. Using SNP probes designed in a single species, a well-resolved phylogeny of 61 species was produced. Ancestral relationships between cattle breeds were analyzed using parsimony analysis of homozygous genotypes, parsimony analysis of all genotypes, network analysis using FST estimates, principal component analysis, and admixture analysis. A novel method to identify molecular signatures of selection was deployed. In this method, birth date was analyzed as the dependent variable in a mixed model framework to identify SNP loci which predict birth date. It was shown that predictive loci changed in allele frequency much more than theoretically expected due to genetic drift alone; thus, these loci are in linkage disequilibrium with selected casual variants. In addition to identifying loci under artificial selection, loci putatively responding to natural selection were also identified.

Identification of Genes and Gene Sets Associated with Residual Feed Intake in Hereford, Angus, and Simmental Crossbred Beef Cattle

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ISBN 13 :
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Book Synopsis Identification of Genes and Gene Sets Associated with Residual Feed Intake in Hereford, Angus, and Simmental Crossbred Beef Cattle by : Jacob Levi Mutch

Download or read book Identification of Genes and Gene Sets Associated with Residual Feed Intake in Hereford, Angus, and Simmental Crossbred Beef Cattle written by Jacob Levi Mutch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Agricultural Bioinformatics

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8132218809
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural Bioinformatics by : Kavi Kishor P.B.

Download or read book Agricultural Bioinformatics written by Kavi Kishor P.B. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common approach to understanding the functional repertoire of a genome is through functional genomics. With systems biology burgeoning, bioinformatics has grown to a larger extent for plant genomes where several applications in the form of protein-protein interactions (PPI) are used to predict the function of proteins. With plant genes evolutionarily conserved, the science of bioinformatics in agriculture has caught interest with myriad of applications taken from bench side to in silico studies. A multitude of technologies in the form of gene analysis, biochemical pathways and molecular techniques have been exploited to an extent that they consume less time and have been cost-effective to use. As genomes are being sequenced, there is an increased amount of expression data being generated from time to time matching the need to link the expression profiles and phenotypic variation to the underlying genomic variation. This would allow us to identify candidate genes and understand the molecular basis/phenotypic variation of traits. While many bioinformatics methods like expression and whole genome sequence data of organisms in biological databases have been used in plants, we felt a common reference showcasing the reviews for such analysis is wanting. We envisage that this dearth would be facilitated in the form of this Springer book on Agricultural Bioinformatics. We thank all the authors and the publishers Springer, Germany for providing us an opportunity to review the bioinformatics works that the authors have carried in the recent past and hope the readers would find this book attention grabbing.

From Array Genotypes to Whole-genome Sequences

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis From Array Genotypes to Whole-genome Sequences by : Adrien M. Butty

Download or read book From Array Genotypes to Whole-genome Sequences written by Adrien M. Butty and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic markers are currently used as a tool in animal breeding to measure and make use of genetic variation. After the unsuccessful implementation of marker-assisted selection including microsatellites in genetic evaluation models, implementation of genomic selection principles in breeding programs allowed drastic acceleration of the genetic gains made in the dairy industry. Although great genetic improvements have been made possible with the introgression of array-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotypes into genetic evaluation models, more variants are needed to explain a larger proportion of the genetic variance observed in economically important traits. This would allow for more precise estimation of breeding values (EBV) and greater genetic progress. The increase in the number and type of variants through using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), for instance copy number variants (CNV), in genetic evaluation models could contribute to higher accuracies of EBV. Sequencing of a large number of animals is still prohibitively expensive, but the large number of genotyped samples already available allows for 1) the accurate imputation of genotypes to WGS variants, 2) the identification of CNV relying on the signal intensity values produced at the time of array genotyping, and 3) the use of the CNV identified with high confidence in silico to gain knowledge about the genetic architecture of traits of economic importance, for example hoof health traits. In this thesis, haplotype-based methods were developed that improve reference population animal selection for sequencing, to allow for more accurate imputation of common or rare variants. Secondly, CNV were identified with high confidence using both array genotypes and WGS information. Finally, CNV regions were identified that were associated with hoof health traits recorded for the Canadian Holstein genetic evaluation. Starting with SNP that were phased to haplotypes and looking at the structural variants that are CNV, this thesis bridges current and possible future genetic markers to exploit the maximum genomic information present in the dairy population. Altogether, the advances made in this thesis will permit an increase in the rate of genetic improvement for dairy cattle once breeding value estimation models have been developed that efficiently include and combine CNV and SNP information.

Identification of Signatures of Selection in Bos Taurus Beef and Dairy Cattle Using Genome-wide SNP Genotypes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (686 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Signatures of Selection in Bos Taurus Beef and Dairy Cattle Using Genome-wide SNP Genotypes by : Jung Woo Choi

Download or read book Identification of Signatures of Selection in Bos Taurus Beef and Dairy Cattle Using Genome-wide SNP Genotypes written by Jung Woo Choi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to identify signatures of selection in Bos taurus beef and dairy cattle populations and to annotate regions of selection with gene, function and QTL information. Differences in minor allele frequencies, population-average FST, population-specific FST, and integrated extended haplotype homozygosity scores were applied to a subset of the bovine HapMap data to characterize signatures of selection in 7 Bos taurus beef and 5 Bos taurus dairy cattle populations. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) exhibited evidence of selection across the genome and regions of BTA2 and BTA14 that are considered to be under positive selection in beef and dairy cattle, respectively, were highlighted. The current density of SNP limited our ability to annotate regions putatively under selection because most SNP in the assay were intergenic. This is likely because of the betweenbreed SNP discovery method that was used, which typically identifies SNP with higher allele frequencies.

Genome-wide Association Study for Feed Efficiency Traits Using SNP and Haplotype Models

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Genome-wide Association Study for Feed Efficiency Traits Using SNP and Haplotype Models by : Kashly Rene Schweer

Download or read book Genome-wide Association Study for Feed Efficiency Traits Using SNP and Haplotype Models written by Kashly Rene Schweer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed efficiency has long been recognized for its economic importance in beef cattle production systems. Feed intake is not a routinely collected trait on-farm due to the expense of measuring individual feed intake. Identification of genomic regions associated with feed efficiency and its component traits would be advantageous for selection programs. The objective of this study was to uncover genomic regions associated with average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with SNP and haplotype Bayesian models. Phenotypes of ADG and ADFI along with genotypes from the BovineSNP50v2 array from crossbred steers and heifers (n=748) representing seven sire breeds were used in the analyses. Traits were analyzed independently through SNP (BayesC) and haplotype models (BayesIM) and together in a bivariate haplotype model. For the BayesIM model, haplotypes were mapped to haplotype clusters based on local haplotype similarity using a hidden Markov model (HMM) and the haplotype clusters were fitted as covariates in the Bayesian mixture model. The number of haplotype clusters at each location was assumed to be either 8 (BayesIM8) or 16 (BayesIM16), resulting in a total of three univariate analyses for each trait and two bivariate analyses. Posterior genomic heritability estimates (PSD) for ADG were 0.28 (0.08), 0.46 (0.12), 0.46 (0.12), 0.44 (0.10) and 0.44 (0.12) for BayesC, BayesIM8, BayesIM16, BayesIM8 bivariate and BayesIM16 bivariate, respectively. Average daily feed intake posterior genomic heritability estimates (PSD) were 0.30 (0.07), 0.46 (0.10), 0.45 (0.09), 0.45 (0.09) and 0.46 (0.11) for the same analyses. Top genomic regions across all univariate analyses for ADG exist on BTA 3, 4, 13, 20 and 22 while ADFI was associated with regions on BTA 1, 13 and 21. Potential pleiotropic genomic regions associated with both traits were identified through bivariate analyses on BTA 1, 13, 20 and 25. The use of multi-trait models for GWAS is currently unexplored in beef cattle. A multi-trait model can use information from one trait to inform the other when the traits are genetically correlated.

Advances in Animal Genomics

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128206128
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Animal Genomics by : Sukanta Mondal

Download or read book Advances in Animal Genomics written by Sukanta Mondal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Animal Genomics provides an outstanding collection of integrated strategies involving traditional and modern - omics (structural, functional, comparative and epigenomics) approaches and genomics-assisted breeding methods which animal biotechnologists can utilize to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in the complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock. Written by international experts on animal genomics, this book explores the recent advances in high-throughput, next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches which have enabled to produce huge genomic and transcriptomic resources globally on a genome-wide scale. This book is an important resource for researchers, students, educators and professionals in agriculture, veterinary and biotechnology sciences that enables them to solve problems regarding sustainable development with the help of current innovative biotechnologies. Integrates basic and advanced concepts of animal biotechnology and presents future developments Describes current high-throughput next-generation whole genome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based genotyping, and modern bioinformatics approaches for sustainable livestock production Illustrates integrated strategies to dissect and decode the molecular and gene regulatory networks involved in complex quantitative yield and stress tolerance traits in livestock Ensures readers will gain a strong grasp of biotechnology for sustainable livestock production with its well-illustrated discussion

The Applications of New Multi-Locus GWAS Methodologies in the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889458342
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis The Applications of New Multi-Locus GWAS Methodologies in the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits by : Yuan-Ming Zhang

Download or read book The Applications of New Multi-Locus GWAS Methodologies in the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits written by Yuan-Ming Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are widely used in the genetic dissection of complex traits. Most existing methods are based on single-marker association in genome-wide scans with population structure and polygenic background controls. To control the false positive rate, the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests is frequently adopted. This stringent correction results in the exclusion of important loci, especially for GWAS in crop genetics. To address this issue, multi-locus GWAS methodologies have been recommended, i.e., FASTmrEMMA, ISIS EM-BLASSO, mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, pLARmEB, pKWmEB and FarmCPU. In this Research Topic, our purpose is to clarify some important issues in the application of multi-locus GWAS methods. Here we discuss the following subjects: First, we discuss the advantages of new multi-locus GWAS methods over the widely-used single-locus GWAS methods in the genetic dissection of complex traits, metabolites and gene expression levels. Secondly, large experiment error in the field measurement of phenotypic values for complex traits in crop genetics results in relatively large P-values in GWAS, indicating the existence of small number of significantly associated SNPs. To solve this issue, a less stringent P-value critical value is often adopted, i.e., 0.001, 0.0001 and 1/m (m is the number of markers). Although lowering the stringency with which an association is made could identify more hits, confidence in these hits would significantly drop. In this Research Topic we propose a new threshold of significant QTN (LOD=3.0 or P-value=2.0e-4) in multi-locus GWAS to balance high power and low false positive rate. Thirdly, heritability missing in GWAS is a common phenomenon, and a series of scientists have explained the reasons why the heritability is missing. In this Research Topic, we also add one additional reason and propose the joint use of several GWAS methodologies to capture more QTNs. Thus, overall estimated heritability would be increased. Finally, we discuss how to select and use these multi-locus GWAS methods.

Pan-genomics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128170778
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Pan-genomics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects by : Debmalya Barh

Download or read book Pan-genomics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects written by Debmalya Barh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pan-genomics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects covers current approaches, challenges and future prospects of pan-genomics. The book discusses bioinformatics tools and their applications and focuses on bacterial comparative genomics in order to leverage the development of precise drugs and treatments for specific organisms. The book is divided into three sections: the first, an "overview of pan-genomics and common approaches, brings the main concepts and current approaches on pan-genomics research; the second, “case studies in pan-genomics, thoroughly discusses twelve case, and the last, “current approaches and future prospects in pan-multiomics , encompasses the developments on omics studies to be applied on bacteria related studies. This book is a valuable source for bioinformaticians, genomics researchers and several members of biomedical field interested in understanding further bacterial organisms and their relationship to human health. Covers the entire spectrum of pangenomics, highlighting the use of specific approaches, case studies and future perspectives Discusses current bioinformatics tools and strategies for exploiting pangenomics data Presents twelve case studies with different organisms in order to provide the audience with real examples of pangenomics applicability