Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction And Deoxygenation Of Biomass For Renewable Fuel Production
Download Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction And Deoxygenation Of Biomass For Renewable Fuel Production full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction And Deoxygenation Of Biomass For Renewable Fuel Production ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction and Deoxygenation of Biomass for Renewable Fuel Production by : Sergiy Popov
Download or read book Hydrothermal Catalytic Liquefaction and Deoxygenation of Biomass for Renewable Fuel Production written by Sergiy Popov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Yeast Biomass and Subsequent Catalytic Hydrothermal Deoxygenation of Lipid to Hydrocarbon by : Chao Miao
Download or read book Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Yeast Biomass and Subsequent Catalytic Hydrothermal Deoxygenation of Lipid to Hydrocarbon written by Chao Miao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal liquefaction is considered to be a favorable process to produce bio-oil from aquatic biomass as it avoids the biomass-drying expenses. A unique two-step sequential hydrothermal liquefaction method was developed for concomitant extraction of lipid, protein and carbohydrates from the microbial biomass. In step 1, co-products such as carbohydrates and proteins were isolated; and in step 2, bio-oil rich in lipids was produced from the remaining biomass. Compared to the traditional hydrothermal liquefaction, separating valuable co-products helps to make the integral bio-oil production process economically.
Book Synopsis Hydroprocessing Catalysts And Processes: The Challenges For Biofuels Production by : Bo Zhang
Download or read book Hydroprocessing Catalysts And Processes: The Challenges For Biofuels Production written by Bo Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for hydroprocessing catalysts has shown an increasing trend, because of their applications in refining of petroleum and biofuels, in order to comply with strict environmental regulations controlling emissions from transportation vehicles.Transport fuel is dominated by fossil fuels with carbon emission intensive production methods. If we are to move away from these sources, the alternative is to produce liquid fuels from agricultural stocks — crops, crop waste, forestry waste or algae. Converting these feedstocks into high quality fuels is a considerable challenge.By describing the current status in processing agricultural feedstock into high quality liquid transport fuels, the authors set out the means to develop better chemistry and catalysis for the necessary conversion processes. This book offers an intriguing insight into the mechanisms and protocols involved in new hydroprocessing catalysts and processes, and covers the methods for upgrading these liquids to modern transport vehicles suitable for operation in modern gasoline and diesel engines.It provides an introduction to the mechanism of hydroprocessing reactions, application of different metals in hydroprocessing, the effect of catalyst supports, applications in refining new feedstock, renewable fuels standards, the management of spent hydroprocessing catalysts, and hydrogen production.Hydroprocessing Catalysts and Processes will prove useful for both researchers in academe and industry concerned with future fuels development and treatment to produce current and future liquid transport fuels.
Book Synopsis Moving Forward to the Next Generation of Biofuel by : Omid Norouzisafsari
Download or read book Moving Forward to the Next Generation of Biofuel written by Omid Norouzisafsari and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the economically most interesting methods is to use commercial catalysts such as silicon, alumina, and zeolite-based catalysts in biomass Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL). Literature on the HTL of biomass in the presence of such catalysts, which are commonly used in catalytic processes in the petrochemical and refining industries, is vast. However, none of the catalysts could generate a compatible bio-oil with conventional liquid transportation fuels because the chemistry in the field of biomass stands in great contrast with the field of petrochemistry, where it deals with petrochemical hydrocarbons. The main problem with the HTL process is that a sequence of successive reactions (a cascade reaction) is involved in transforming raw biomass and biomass-derived platform molecules into value-added chemicals and biofuels. Thus, systems with multiple catalyst materials or catalysis by multifunctional materials are required in the sequence of reactions. For the first time, the thesis provides fundamental insight with respect to the multifunctional catalytic HTL method and offers composite materials as an alternative to conventional heterogeneous catalysts. Advancements made in composite materials were explored in detail, and key factors that influence the activity and stability of each type of composites were highlighted. The effects of advanced modification techniques on the specific surface area, pore size, pore geometry, pore connection, functional group, crystalline structure, and dimension were discussed. Two state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts composed of zeolite/hydrochar and graphene/polyurethane were developed for the HTL of macroalgae to gasoline fraction hydrocarbons and valuable chemicals. The results show that the hierarchically structured porosity of composites facilitates the accommodation of macromolecules and their meso and micro derivatives inside the composite and improves the accessibility to Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. The higher heavy gasoline selectivity, lower amount of amino, and aliphatic acids demonstrate that the HTL in the presence of our newly developed composites can be a potential one-pot method for the conversion of biomass to high-quality liquid products. And finally, a biocarbon-based Asymmetric Supercapacitor (ACS) was fabricated within the circular economy concept by integrating pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Catalytic Conversion of Biomass for the Production of Biofuels and Bioproducts by : Gabriel Morales
Download or read book Sustainable Catalytic Conversion of Biomass for the Production of Biofuels and Bioproducts written by Gabriel Morales and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass is widely considered as a potential alternative to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. There is a large variety of biomass sources (oleaginous, lignocellulosic, algae, etc.), with many possible conversion routes and products. Currently, biomass is not just viewed as a source of biofuels, but also as an interesting feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals that could largely replace petrochemicals. In this context, the search for new sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil sources is gaining increasing relevance within the chemical industry. There, the role of catalysis is often critical for the development of clean and sustainable processes, aiming to produce commodity chemicals or liquid fuels with a high efficiency and atom economy. This book gathers works at the cutting edge of investigation in the application of catalysis, for the sustainable conversion of biomass into biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
Download or read book Biokerosene written by Martin Kaltschmitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of aspects related to the overall provision chain for biokerosene as part of the global civil aviation business. Starting with a review of the current market situation for aviation fuels and airplanes and their demands, it then presents in-depth descriptions of classical and especially new types of non-edible biomass feedstock suitable for biokerosene provision. Subsequent chapters discuss those fuel provision processes that are already available and those still under development based on various biomass feedstock materials, and present e.g. an overview of the current state of the art in the production of a liquid biomass-based fuel fulfilling the specifications for kerosene. Further, given the growing interest of the aviation industry and airlines in biofuels for aviation, the experiences of an air-carrier are presented. In closing, the book provides a market outlook for biokerosene. Addressing a broad range of aspects related to the pros and cons of biokerosene as a renewable fuel for aviation, the book offers a unique resource.
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Conversion VI by : T.H. Fleisch
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion VI written by T.H. Fleisch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings.The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings.
Book Synopsis Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading by : Mark Crocker
Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Book Synopsis Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production covers the recent advances in the upgrading of biomass-obtained products into liquid fuels (also known as biofuels) by hydrotreating processes. By including introductory information, the book covers in detail the identification of hydrotreating processes such as thermocatalytic reactions in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts and hydrogen. Required materials for the development of the process are investigated with consideration of the characteristics of biomass, bio-oil production, upgrading alternatives, hydrotreating alternatives, hydrotreating of different biomass-based materials, hydrodeoxygenation of separated bio-oil compounds, classification of the hydrotreating catalysts, life cycle assessment, and hydrogen production routes. Information regarding the further development of the process is collected to encourage further progress toward a scalable process for biofuel production and the development of a large-scale hydrotreating strategy. - Includes detailed descriptions of hydrotreating catalysts - Discusses the technical requirements for developing hydrotreating process - Illustrates the necessity and importance of biomass resources
Book Synopsis Primary Productivity of the Biosphere by : H. Lieth
Download or read book Primary Productivity of the Biosphere written by H. Lieth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period since World War II, and especially the last decade influenced by the International Biological Program, has seen enormous growth in research on the function of ecosystems. The same period has seen an exponential' rise in environmental problems including the capacity of the Earth to support man's population. The concern extends to man's effects on the "biosphere"-the film of living organisms on the Earth's surface that supports man. The common theme of ecologic research and environmental concerns is primary production the binding of sunlight energy into organic matter by plants that supports all life. Many results from the IBP remain to be synthesized, but enough data are available from that program and other research to develop a convincing sum mary of the primary production of the biosphere-the purpose of this book. The book had its origin in the parallel interests of the two editors and Gene E. Likens, which led them to prepare a symposium on the topic at the Second Biological Congress of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Miami, Florida, October 24, 1971. Revisions of the papers presented at that symposium appear as Chapters 2, 8, 9, 10, and 15 in this book. We have added other chapters that complement this core; these include discussion and evaluation of methods for measuring productivity and regional production, current findings on tropical productivity, and models of primary productivity.
Book Synopsis Innovations in Thermochemical Technologies for Biofuel Processing by : Sonil Nanda
Download or read book Innovations in Thermochemical Technologies for Biofuel Processing written by Sonil Nanda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovations in Thermochemical Technologies for Biofuel Processing broadly covers current technologies in alternate fuels and chemical production, a few of which include biomass-to-liquid, biomass-to-gas and gas-to-liquid biomass conversion technologies. The topics in this book include elaborative discussions on biomass feedstocks, biomass-to-liquid technologies (liquefaction, pyrolysis and transesterification), biomass-to-gas technologies (gasification), gas-to-liquid technologies (syngas fermentation and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), co-processing technologies, fuel upgrading technologies (hydrotreating and reforming), novel catalyst development for biorefining, biorefining process optimization, unit operations, reaction kinetics, artificial neural network, and much more. The book comprehensively discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of notable biofuels (e.g., bio-oil, biocrude oil, biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, bio-jet fuels, biohydrogen, biomethane, synthesis gas, hydrocarbon fuels, etc.). - Addresses solutions for clean fuel, energy security, waste management, waste valorization, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, carbon capture and sequestration, circular economy and climate change mitigation - Includes applications of thermochemical conversion and reforming technologies for waste biomass to biofuels - Covers current technologies in alternate fuels and chemicals production, a few of which include conversion technologies (i.e., liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis, torrefaction, transesterification, organic transformation, carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions, oxidation, and reforming processes, etc.), hydrotreating technologies (i.e., hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodearomatization and hydrodemetalization) and catalytic processes.
Book Synopsis Liquid Biofuels by : Krushna Prasad Shadangi
Download or read book Liquid Biofuels written by Krushna Prasad Shadangi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled by a well-known expert in the field, Liquid Biofuels provides a profound knowledge to researchers about biofuel technologies, selection of raw materials, conversion of various biomass to biofuel pathways, selection of suitable methods of conversion, design of equipment, selection of operating parameters, determination of chemical kinetics, reaction mechanism, preparation of bio-catalyst: its application in bio-fuel industry and characterization techniques, use of nanotechnology in the production of biofuels from the root level to its application and many other exclusive topics for conducting research in this area. Written with the objective of offering both theoretical concepts and practical applications of those concepts, Liquid Biofuels can be both a first-time learning experience for the student facing these issues in a classroom and a valuable reference work for the veteran engineer or scientist. The description of the detailed characterization methodologies along with the precautions required during analysis are extremely important, as are the detailed description about the ultrasound assisted biodiesel production techniques, aviation biofuels and its characterization techniques, advance in algal biofuel techniques, pre-treatment of biomass for biofuel production, preparation and characterization of bio-catalyst, and various methods of optimization. The book offers a comparative study between the various liquid biofuels obtained from different methods of production and its engine performance and emission analysis so that one can get the utmost idea to find the better biofuel as an alternative fuel. Since the book covers almost all the field of liquid biofuel production techniques, it will provide advanced knowledge to the researcher for practical applications across the energy sector. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library.
Book Synopsis Catalysis for Renewables by : Gabriele Centi
Download or read book Catalysis for Renewables written by Gabriele Centi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its focus on catalysis and addressing two very hot and timely topics with significant implications for our future lives, this will be a white book in the field. The authority behind this practical work is the IDECAT Network of Excellence, and the authors here outline how the use of catalysis will promote the more extensive use of renewable feedstocks in chemical and energy production. They present the latest applications, their applicability and results, making this a ready reference for researchers and engineers working in catalysis, chemistry, and industrial processes wishing to analyze options, outlooks and opportunities in the field.
Book Synopsis Biorefinery of Alternative Resources: Targeting Green Fuels and Platform Chemicals by : Sonil Nanda
Download or read book Biorefinery of Alternative Resources: Targeting Green Fuels and Platform Chemicals written by Sonil Nanda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent advances in the processing of waste biomass resources to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Worldwide interest in clean energy sources, environmental protection, and mitigating global warming is rapidly gaining momentum and spurring on the search for alternative energy sources, especially for the transportation and industrial sectors. This book reviews the opportunities presented by low-cost organic waste materials, discussing their suitability for alternative fuel and fine chemical production, physicochemical characterization, conversion technologies, feedstock and fuel chemistry, refining technologies, fuel upgrading, residue management, and the circular economy. In addition, it explores applied aspects of biomass conversion by highlighting several significant thermochemical, hydrothermal and biological technologies. In summary, the book offers comprehensive and representative descriptions of key fuel processing technologies, energy conversion and management, waste valorization, eco-friendly waste remediation, biomass supply chain, lifecycle assessment, techno-economic analysis and the circular bioeconomy.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Deoxygenation of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors to Improve Bio-oil Stability by :
Download or read book Catalytic Deoxygenation of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors to Improve Bio-oil Stability written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The President's Advanced Energy Initiative called for a change in the way Americans fuel their vehicles to promote improved energy security. Increasing biofuels production from domestic lignocellulosic resources requires advanced technology development to achieve the aggressive targets set forth to reduce motor gasoline consumption by 20% in ten years (by 2017). The U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) Office of the Biomass Program (currently Bioenergy Technologies Office) is actively funding research and development in both biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies to accelerate the deployment of biofuels technologies in the near future to meet the goals of the Advanced Energy Initiative. Thermochemical conversion technology options include both gasification and pyrolysis to enable the developing lignocellulosic biorefineries and maximize biomass resource utilization for production of biofuels.
Book Synopsis Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction for Energy Applications by : Lasse Rosendahl
Download or read book Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction for Energy Applications written by Lasse Rosendahl and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction for Energy Applications presents the state-of-the-art of the value chains associated with these biomass conversion technologies. It covers multiple feedstock availability and feedstock composition impact on process chemistry and product quality and composition. Expert authors from around the world explore co-processing benefits, process parameters, implementation and scaling, upgrading to drop-in liquid biofuels or integration into existing petrochemical refinery infrastructure. Finally, these topics are put into a sustainability perspective by establishing an LCA framework for this type of process. Its focus on implementation based on the most comprehensive knowledge makes this book particularly useful for researchers and graduate students from all sorts of background working in the field of biomass and biofuels. It is also a valuable reference for engineers working to commercialize DTL technologies, engineering specialists designing process equipment, refinery professionals and developers. - Focuses on implementation and scaling of direct thermochemical liquefaction technologies for biomass conversion into biofuels - Covers the state-of-the-art of the technologies, as well as technical and sustainability implementation aspects - Includes new approaches and concepts developed around the world within the different DTL technologies
Book Synopsis Renewable Fuels Produced from Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors: Catalysis and Reaction Engineering by : David Pierce Gamliel
Download or read book Renewable Fuels Produced from Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors: Catalysis and Reaction Engineering written by David Pierce Gamliel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, lignocellulosic biomass is the only renewable and available resource capable of supplanting fossil fuel resources. Fast pyrolysis is the conversion of biomass at elevated temperature, high heating rate and under inert atmosphere to produce bio-oil. This bio-oil is a blend of oxygenated hydrocarbons, which must be upgraded prior to use as a transportation fuel. The focus of this thesis is the investigation of bio-oil upgrading reaction pathways and catalysts for the production of biofuels. There are two primary pathways for pyrolysis vapor upgrading: catalytic cracking and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). During catalytic cracking, pyrolysis vapors react over the acid sites of ZSM-5 zeolite, which crack C-C bonds to release oxygen in the form of COx. Biofuel compound yield is greater when cracking occurs in-situ the pyrolysis reactor, but selectivity is greater when cracking occurs ex-situ. Because of its microporous structure, the ZSM-5 catalyst may exclude some of the bulky oxygenates formed during pyrolysis. This accessibility limitation can be alleviated through the introduction of mesoporosity in the ZSM-5 zeolite. Zeolite mesoporosity is beneficial for increasing aromatic yield and reducing coke on catalyst. While catalytic cracking is effective for removing oxygen from the pyrolysis vapors, this oxygen is removed as COx, reducing carbon return in the bio-oil. Moreover, the upgraded bio-oil is aromatic in nature, and aromatics in gasoline are limited. Incorporation of hydrogen into the pyrolysis reactor in the presence of Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst reduces char formation and substantially increases CH4 yield, but the bio-oil does not contain many alkanes. The high reaction temperature demanded by biomass volatilization thermodynamically limits hydrogenation reactions. Catalytic hydropyrolysis followed by secondary hydroprocessing produces a biofuel with heating value and aromaticity similar to gasoline. Liquid phase HDO is another pathway for removal of bio-oil oxygen. Catalytic HDO of anisole, 4-ethylphenol and benzofuran was performed with Ni, Ru and Pd supported on USY zeolite. Kinetic rate measurements show Pd is more effective than Ni and Ru in terms of reaction rate, deoxygenation activity and C-C coupling. Finally, controlled mesoporosity of the USY support is beneficial for enhancing access of oxygenates to the impregnated metal species for efficient hydrogenation.
