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Hydrogen Distribution In Zircaloy Under A Temperature Gradient
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Book Synopsis Hydrogen Distribution in Zircaloy Under a Temperature Gradient by : Evrard Lacroix
Download or read book Hydrogen Distribution in Zircaloy Under a Temperature Gradient written by Evrard Lacroix and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During normal operation in nuclear reactors, the nuclear fuel cladding corrodes as a result of exposure to high temperature cooling water. During this process, hydrogen can enter the zirconium-alloy of the fuel cladding, and under proper conditions, precipitate as brittle hydride platelets which can severely impact cladding ductility and fracture toughness. Hydrogen tends to migrate to and precipitate at colder spots. Because high local hydride concentrations increase the risk of cladding failure, it is important to predict the local hydrogen distribution. Hydrogen transport depends on different phenomena. Even though migration can only occur when the hydrogen is in solid solution, the cladding temperatures during operating condition allow a portion of the hydrogen to be in solid solution. Therefore, as hydrogen is picked up during the corrosion reaction between the cladding and the coolant, it can migrate following Ficks law and the Soret effect. Once the local hydrogen content reaches the terminal solid solubility for precipitation, the hydrogen will start precipitating as zirconium hydride. Previous work in our laboratory implemented a model that describes these different phenomena, into the 3D fuel performance code BISON. A first attempt to benchmark this model has been made in this study by comparing the results given by BISON to the hydrogen distribution measured in a nuclear fuel rod, which underwent a five cycle exposure at the Gravelines nuclear power plant. This was feasible because of the very detailed information about that reactor and fuel pin were available from the thesis of J.-H. Zhang in 1992. The benchmark performed with BISON showed very good agreement between the calculations experimental observation.The calculation above used a value of the precipitation kinetics parameter 2 based on a fit that ignored discrepancies in the early part of the precipitation process. The calculation was revised according to a new model. The new model, which assumes an initial dependence of the precipitation rate on (C_ss-TSS_p )^2 , provides a better fit for this date and we believe a more precise value of 2, which varies mildly with temperature.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Distribution in Zircaloy Under a Temperature Gradient by : Olivier F. Courty
Download or read book Hydrogen Distribution in Zircaloy Under a Temperature Gradient written by Olivier F. Courty and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of a Thermal Gradient on the Hydrogen Distribution in a Metal by : G. G. Libowitz
Download or read book Effect of a Thermal Gradient on the Hydrogen Distribution in a Metal written by G. G. Libowitz and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Redistribution in Thin Plates of Zirconium Under Large Thermal Gradients by : J. M. Markowitz
Download or read book Hydrogen Redistribution in Thin Plates of Zirconium Under Large Thermal Gradients written by J. M. Markowitz and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Redistribution in Zircaloy-2 Under Thermal and Mechanical Stress Gradients by : J. M. Markowitz
Download or read book Hydrogen Redistribution in Zircaloy-2 Under Thermal and Mechanical Stress Gradients written by J. M. Markowitz and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of the Temperature Gradient Effect on the Distribution of Hydrogen in Zirconium by : N. V. Borkov
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Temperature Gradient Effect on the Distribution of Hydrogen in Zirconium written by N. V. Borkov and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Diffusion of Hydrogen in Nonstoichiometric Zirconium-dihydride by : A. W. Sommer
Download or read book Thermal Diffusion of Hydrogen in Nonstoichiometric Zirconium-dihydride written by A. W. Sommer and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Migration and Mechanical Behavior of Hydrided Zirconium Alloys by : Soyoung Kang
Download or read book Hydrogen Migration and Mechanical Behavior of Hydrided Zirconium Alloys written by Soyoung Kang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zirconium alloys have been widely used for nuclear fuel cladding materials in light-water nuclear reactors. The cladding corrodes as a result of exposure to the coolant water and produces hydrogen as a result of the corrosion reaction. A fraction of this hydrogen can be picked up into the cladding material. Once the hydrogen content reaches the terminal solid solubility, zirconium hydride particles start to precipitate. The cladding suffers waterside corrosion in service, leading to hydrogen ingress, which can redistribute in the cladding and form hydrides. Because these zirconium hydrides are more brittle than the zirconium matrix, they can deteriorate the ductility of the cladding. Therefore, understanding hydrogen behavior in cladding is important to maintain cladding integrity. This study aims to investigate hydrogen migration under a temperature gradient and mechanical behavior of hydrided zirconium alloys. The hydrogen transport and hydride precipitation /dissolution model HNGD was implemented in the fuel performance code BISON to predict hydrogen behavior. The hydrogen is distributed inhomogeneously in the cladding as a result of Fick's law and Soret effect. The hydrogen tends to move from higher to lower concentration governed by Fick's law and higher to lower temperature based on the Soret effect. Hydrogen migration tests were designed to determine the heat of transport value (Q*) of hydrogen in Zr, a parameter needed to evaluate the Soret effect. Hydrided samples were subjected to a long annealing schedule in a temperature gradient to re-distribute the hydrogen. The annealed samples were cut into several pieces along the temperature gradient, and the hydrogen contents were analyzed using hot vacuum extraction. The hydrogen distribution along the temperature gradient was observed in this experiment, and from this data, the heat of transport value (Q*) was determined. Further, the mechanical behavior of zirconium alloys was assessed using ring compression tests. The zirconium alloy tubes were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to identify the microstructure of materials. Stress relieved anneal ZIRLO (SRA) and low Sn Partially recrystallized anneal LT ZIRLO (PRXA) show different grain shapes and sizes. After characterization, the zirconium alloy tubes were hydrogen charged and cut into 8 mm length rings. The ring samples were subjected to compression at 12 o'clock following a specified thermomechanical cycle. This thermomechanical treatment caused partial precipitation of radial hydrides in certain positions of the ring samples. The radial hydride fractions were characterized and showed a difference between ZIRLO and LT ZIRLO because of their different microstructures. Finite element modeling conducted using ABAQUS could then determine the threshold stress for two materials by comparing simulation results (stress state) and hydride morphologies. In addition, the ring compression tests for assessing hydrided cladding ductility for various hydride morphologies were conducted at room temperature. Ring samples with different radial hydride continuity factors (RHCF) were tested to determine their load-displacement curves. The 1% permanent strain and 2 % offset strain criteria were chosen to assess the ductility of samples. The ductility degrades with increasing RHCF.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974-07 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactor Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diffusion of Hydrogen Up a Thermal Gradient in Zircaloy-2 by : Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Download or read book Diffusion of Hydrogen Up a Thermal Gradient in Zircaloy-2 written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Long-Range Migration of Hydrogen Through Zircaloy in Response to Tensile and Compressive Stress Gradients by : PH. Kreyns
Download or read book The Long-Range Migration of Hydrogen Through Zircaloy in Response to Tensile and Compressive Stress Gradients written by PH. Kreyns and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zircaloy-4, which is used widely as a core structural material in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), picks up hydrogen during service. Hydrogen solubility in Zircaloy-4 is low and zirconium hydride phases precipitate after the Zircaloy-4 lattice becomes supersaturated with hydrogen. These hydrides embrittle the Zircaloy-4, degrading its mechanical performance as a structural material. Because hydrogen can move rapidly through the Zircaloy-4 lattice, the potential exists for large concentrations of hydride to accumulate in local regions of a Zircaloy component remote from its point of entry into the component. Much has been reported in the literature regarding the long-range migration of hydrogen through Zircaloy under concentration gradients and temperature gradients. Relatively little has been reported, however, regarding the long-range migration of hydrogen under stress gradients. This paper presents experimental results regarding the long-range migration of hydrogen through Zircaloy in response to both tensile and compressive stress gradients. The importance of this driving force for hydrogen migration relative to concentration and thermal gradients is discussed.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Redistribution in Thin Plates of Zirconium Under Large Thermal Gradients by :
Download or read book Hydrogen Redistribution in Thin Plates of Zirconium Under Large Thermal Gradients written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By using experimental data, the quantities determimng the extent of dissolved H redistribution under a thermal gradient in Zircaloy were calculated. It is concluded that the phenomenon of hydride precipitation by means of thermaI gradient diffusion of dissolved H in Zircaloy fuel plates and cladding places much more severe restrictions on the allowable pre-operation H content of such elements than was hitherto suspected. The specific effects of operating conditions on H content of plates and cladding are presented in detail. (M.H.R.).
Download or read book Reactor Core Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry by : Leo F. P. Van Swam
Download or read book Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry written by Leo F. P. Van Swam and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1989 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydriding of Zircaloy-2 by : Myra S. Feldman
Download or read book Hydriding of Zircaloy-2 written by Myra S. Feldman and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Long Range Migration of Hydrogen Through Zircaloy in Response to Tensile and Compressive Stress Gradients by :
Download or read book The Long Range Migration of Hydrogen Through Zircaloy in Response to Tensile and Compressive Stress Gradients written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zircaloy-4, which is used widely as a core structural material in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), picks up hydrogen during service. Hydrogen solubility in Zircaloy-4 is low and zirconium hydride phases precipitate after the Zircaloy-4 lattice becomes supersaturated with hydrogen. These hydrides embrittle the Zircaloy-4, degrading its mechanical performance as a structural material. Because hydrogen can move rapidly through the Zircaloy-4 lattice, the potential exists for large concentrations of hydride to accumulate in local regions of a Zircaloy component remote from its point of entry into the component. Much has been reported in the literature regarding the long range migration of hydrogen through Zircaloy under concentration gradients and temperature gradients. Relatively little has been reported, however, regarding the long range migration of hydrogen under stress gradients. This paper presents experimental results regarding the long range migration of hydrogen through Zircaloy in response to both tensile and compressive stress gradients. The importance of this driving force for hydrogen migration relative to concentration and thermal gradients is discussed.
