Human Factors Aspects Of Operating Small Reactors

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Human Factors Aspects of Operating Small Reactors

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors Aspects of Operating Small Reactors by :

Download or read book Human Factors Aspects of Operating Small Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nuclear-power community has reached the stage of proposing advanced reactor designs to support power generation for decades to come. They are considering small modular reactors (SMRs) as one approach to meet these energy needs. While the power output of individual reactor modules is relatively small, they can be grouped to produce reactor sites with different outputs. Also, they can be designed to generate hydrogen, or to process heat. Many characteristics of SMRs are quite different from those of current plants, and so may require a concept of operations (ConOps) that also is different. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has begun examining the human factors engineering- (HFE) and ConOps- aspects of SMRs; if needed, they will formulate guidance to support SMR licensing reviews. We developed a ConOps model, consisting of the following dimensions: Plant mission; roles and responsibilities of all agents; staffing, qualifications, and training; management of normal operations; management of off-normal conditions and emergencies; and, management of maintenance and modifications. We are reviewing information on SMR design to obtain data about each of these dimensions, and have identified several preliminary issues. In addition, we are obtaining operations-related information from other types of multi-module systems, such as refineries, to identify lessons learned from their experience. Here, we describe the project's methodology and our preliminary findings.

NRC Reviewer Aid for Evaluating the Human Factors Engineering Aspects of Small Modular Reactors

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis NRC Reviewer Aid for Evaluating the Human Factors Engineering Aspects of Small Modular Reactors by :

Download or read book NRC Reviewer Aid for Evaluating the Human Factors Engineering Aspects of Small Modular Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a promising approach to meeting future energy needs. Although the electrical output of an individual SMR is relatively small compared to that of typical commercial nuclear plants, they can be grouped to produce as much energy as a utility demands. Furthermore, SMRs can be used for other purposes, such as producing hydrogen and generating process heat. The design characteristics of many SMRs differ from those of current conventional plants and may require a distinct concept of operations (ConOps). The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) conducted research to examine the human factors engineering (HFE) and the operational aspects of SMRs. The research identified thirty potential human-performance issues that should be considered in the NRC's reviews of SMR designs and in future research activities. The purpose of this report is to support NRC HFE reviewers of SMR applications by identifying some of the questions that can be asked of applicants whose designs have characteristics identified in the issues. The questions for each issue were identified and organized based on the review elements and guidance contained in Chapter 18 of the Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800), and the Human Factors Engineering Program Review Model (NUREG-0711).

Human Factors Issues For Multi-Modular Reactor Units

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors Issues For Multi-Modular Reactor Units by :

Download or read book Human Factors Issues For Multi-Modular Reactor Units written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smaller and multi-modular reactor (MMR) will be highly technologically-advanced systems allowing more system flexibility to reactors configurations (e.g., addition/deletion of reactor units). While the technical and financial advantages of systems may be numerous, MMR presents many human factors challenges that may pose vulnerability to plant safety. An important human factors challenge in MMR operation and performance is the monitoring of data from multiple plants from centralized control rooms where human operators are responsible for interpreting, assessing, and responding to different system's states and failures (e.g., simultaneously monitoring refueling at one plant while keeping an eye on another plant's normal operating state). Furthermore, the operational, safety, and performance requirements for MMR can seriously change current staffing models and roles, the mode in which information is displayed, procedures and training to support and guide operators, and risk analysis. For these reasons, addressing human factors concerns in MMR are essential in reducing plant risk.

Human Reliability Considerations for Small Modular Reactors

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Reliability Considerations for Small Modular Reactors by :

Download or read book Human Reliability Considerations for Small Modular Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a promising approach to meeting future energy needs. Although the electrical output of an individual SMR is relatively small compared to that of typical commercial nuclear plants, they can be grouped to produce as much energy as a utility demands. Furthermore, SMRs can be used for other purposes, such as producing hydrogen and generating process heat. The design characteristics of many SMRs differ from those of current conventional plants and may require a distinct concept of operations. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) conducted research to examine the human factors engineering and the operational aspects of SMRs. The research identified thirty potential human-performance issues that should be considered in the NRC's reviews of SMR designs and in future research activities. The purpose of this report is to illustrate how the issues can support SMR probabilistic risk analyses and their review by identifying potential human failure events for a subset of the issues. As part of addressing the human contribution to plant risk, human reliability analysis practitioners identify and quantify the human failure events that can negatively impact normal or emergency plant operations. The results illustrated here can be generalized to identify additional human failure events for the issues discussed and can be applied to those issues not discussed in this report.

Handbook of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors

Author : Daniel T. Ingersoll
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128239174
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors by : Daniel T. Ingersoll

Download or read book Handbook of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors written by Daniel T. Ingersoll and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully updated comprehensive reference on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which reflects the latest research and technological advances in the field from the last five years. Editors Daniel T. Ingersoll and Mario D. Carelli, along with their team of expert contributors, combine their wealth of collective experience to update this comprehensive handbook that provides the reader with all required knowledge on SMRs, expanding on the rapidly growing interest and development of SMRs around the globe. This book begins with an introduction to SMRs for power generation, an overview of international developments, and an analysis of Integral Pressurized Water Reactors as a popular class of SMRs. The second part of the book is dedicated to SMR technologies, including physics, components, I&C, human-system interfaces and safety aspects. Part three discusses the implementation of SMRs, covering economic factors, construction methods, hybrid energy systems and licensing considerations. The fourth part of the book provides an in-depth analysis of SMR R&D and deployment of SMRs within eight countries, including the United States, Republic of Korea, Russia, China, Argentina, and Japan. This edition includes brand new content on the United Kingdom and Canada, where interests in SMRs have increased considerably since the first edition was published. The final part of the book adds a new analysis of the global SMR market and concludes with a perspective on SMR benefits to developing economies. This authoritative and practical handbook benefits engineers, designers, operators, and regulators working in nuclear energy, as well as academics and graduate students researching nuclear reactor technologies. Presents the latest research on SMR technologies and global developments Includes new case study chapters on the United Kingdom and Canada and a chapter on global SMR markets Discusses new technologies such as floating SMRs and molten salt SMRs

NUREG/CR.

Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis NUREG/CR. by : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Download or read book NUREG/CR. written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Basic Safety Principles for Nuclear Power Plants

Author : International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Safety Principles for Nuclear Power Plants by : International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group

Download or read book Basic Safety Principles for Nuclear Power Plants written by International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present report is a revision of Safety Series No. 75-INSAG-3 (1988), updating the statements made on the objectives and principles of safe design and operation for electricity generating nuclear power plants. It includes the improvements made in the safety of operating nuclear power plants and identifies the principles underlying the best current safety policies to be applied in future plants. It presents INSAG's understanding of the principles underlying the best current safety policies and practices of the nuclear power industry.

Nuclear Power

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309043956
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Power by : National Research Council

Download or read book Nuclear Power written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of nuclear power plants in the United States is stopping, as regulators, reactor manufacturers, and operators sort out a host of technical and institutional problems. This volume summarizes the status of nuclear power, analyzes the obstacles to resumption of construction of nuclear plants, and describes and evaluates the technological alternatives for safer, more economical reactors. Topics covered include: Institutional issues-including regulatory practices at the federal and state levels, the growing trends toward greater competition in the generation of electricity, and nuclear and nonnuclear generation options. Critical evaluation of advanced reactors-covering attributes such as cost, construction time, safety, development status, and fuel cycles. Finally, three alternative federal research and development programs are presented.

Considerations for Environmental Impact Assessment for Small Modular Reactors

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201085207
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis Considerations for Environmental Impact Assessment for Small Modular Reactors by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Considerations for Environmental Impact Assessment for Small Modular Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Human Factors Engineering in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants: IAEA Safety Standards Series No. Ssg-51

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201004192
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors Engineering in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants: IAEA Safety Standards Series No. Ssg-51 by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Human Factors Engineering in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants: IAEA Safety Standards Series No. Ssg-51 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides recommendations and guidance for meeting Requirement 32 of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1), Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design, for optimal operator performance involving systematic consideration of human factors, including the human machine interface (HMI). The Safety Guide provides a structured approach and guidance on application of human factors engineering (HFE) in the design of the HMI, which is the basis for human physical and cognitive processes in nuclear power plants. It applies to application of HFE in the design, operation and maintenance of the HMI for new plants, as well as for modifications of the HMI of existing plants.

Small Modular Reactors

Author : NEA.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789264266865
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis Small Modular Reactors by : NEA.

Download or read book Small Modular Reactors written by NEA. and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent interest in small modular reactors (SMRs) is being driven by a desire to reduce the total capital costs associated with nuclear power plants and to provide power to small grid systems. According to estimates available today, if all the competitive advantages of SMRs were realised, including serial production, optimised supply chains and smaller financing costs, SMRs could be expected to have lower absolute and specific (per-kWe) construction costs than large reactors. Although the economic parameters of SMRs are not yet fully determined, a potential market exists for this technology, particularly in energy mixes with large shares of renewables. This report assesses the size of the market for SMRs that are currently being developed and that have the potential to broaden the ways of deploying nuclear power in different parts of the world. The study focuses on light water SMRs that are expected to be constructed in the coming decades and that strongly rely on serial, factory-based production of reactor modules. In a high-case scenario, up to 21 GWe of SMRs could be added globally by 2035, representing approximately 3% of total installed nuclear capacity.

Design Safety Considerations for Water Cooled Small Modular Reactors Incorporating Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident

Download Design Safety Considerations for Water Cooled Small Modular Reactors Incorporating Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident PDF Online Free

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA Tecdoc Series No. 1785
ISBN 13 : 9789201007162
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Design Safety Considerations for Water Cooled Small Modular Reactors Incorporating Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Design Safety Considerations for Water Cooled Small Modular Reactors Incorporating Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Tecdoc Series No. 1785. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents technology developers and users with common considerations, approaches and measures for enhancing the defence in depth and operability of water cooled small modular reactor (SMR) design concepts to cope with extreme natural hazards. Indicative requirements to prevent an accident such as the Fukushima Daiichi accident from recurring are also provided for States planning to adopt water cooled SMR designs and technologies. This publication was produced within the framework of the IAEA Action Plan on effectively utilizing research and development.

Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation

Author : Allan S. Krass
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100020054X
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass

Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.

Safety Margins of Operating Rectors

Author : M. Antila
Publisher : International Atomic Energy Agency
ISBN 13 : 9789201181022
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Safety Margins of Operating Rectors by : M. Antila

Download or read book Safety Margins of Operating Rectors written by M. Antila and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2003 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This TECDOC deals with a basic concept of safety margins and their role in assuring safety of nuclear Installations. The document describes capabilities of thermal hydraulic computer codes used to determine safety margins, evaluation of uncertainties, methods for safety margin evaluation and utilization of safety margins in operation and modifications of nuclear power plants.

Guidelines for Preventing Human Error in Process Safety

Author : CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470925086
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Preventing Human Error in Process Safety by : CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)

Download or read book Guidelines for Preventing Human Error in Process Safety written by CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all the major accident investigations--Texas City, Piper Alpha, the Phillips 66 explosion, Feyzin, Mexico City--show human error as the principal cause, either in design, operations, maintenance, or the management of safety. This book provides practical advice that can substantially reduce human error at all levels. In eight chapters--packed with case studies and examples of simple and advanced techniques for new and existing systems--the book challenges the assumption that human error is "unavoidable." Instead, it suggests a systems perspective. This view sees error as a consequence of a mismatch between human capabilities and demands and inappropriate organizational culture. This makes error a manageable factor and, therefore, avoidable.

Safety of Nuclear Power Plants

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201215109
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (151 download)

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Book Synopsis Safety of Nuclear Power Plants by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Safety of Nuclear Power Plants written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the basis of the principles included in the Fundamental Safety Principles, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SF-1, this Safety Requirements publication establishes requirements applicable to the design of nuclear power plants. It covers the design phase and provides input for the safe operation of the power plant. It elaborates on the safety objective, safety principles and concepts that provide the basis for deriving the safety requirements that must be met for the design of a nuclear power plant. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Applying the safety principles and concepts; 3. Management of safety in design; 4. Principal technical requirements; 5. General plant design; 6. Design of specific plant systems.

Humans and Automation

Author : Thomas B. Sheridan
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Humans and Automation by : Thomas B. Sheridan

Download or read book Humans and Automation written by Thomas B. Sheridan and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2002-07-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human factors, also known as human engineering or human factors engineering, is the application of behavioral and biological sciences to the design of machines and human-machine systems. Automation refers to the mechanization and integration of the sensing of environmental variables, data processing and decision making and mechanical action. This book deals with all the issues involved in human-automation systems from design to control and performance of both humans and machines.