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Human Capital Social Security And Asset Allocation
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Book Synopsis Human Capital, Social Security, and Asset Allocation by : Gordon Irlam
Download or read book Human Capital, Social Security, and Asset Allocation written by Gordon Irlam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model of labor income that includes volatility is developed based on longitudinal data. Numerical stochastic dynamic programming is then applied to the model to explore the effects of stochastic human capital and Social Security on optimal asset allocation and consumption decisions over the lifecycle for typical individuals. Optimal asset allocations are very stock heavy pre-retirement, and quite stock heavy post retirement. Individuals should adopt declining equity allocations while employed, and level to slightly rising equity allocations during a stochastic duration retirement. Consumption should typically slowly increase until late in retirement, when it will be forced to fall.
Book Synopsis Social Security Incentives and Human Capital Investment by : Panu Poutvaara
Download or read book Social Security Incentives and Human Capital Investment written by Panu Poutvaara and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the effect of social security systems on retirement decisions has received much attention, the impact of these systems on individuals' incentives to invest in their human capital has not been analyzed. We integrate human capital investment and retirement decisions in a simple analytical life-cycle model with full certainty and investigate how different social security schemes may a?ect welfare, human capital investment and labor supply. We analyze and compare three different social security systems. Our results suggest that actuarial adjustment and the link between individual social security contributions and benefits increase human capital investment and postpone retirement.
Book Synopsis On the Role of Social Security as a Means for Efficient Risk-bearing in an Economy where Human Capital is Not Tradeable by : Robert C. Merton
Download or read book On the Role of Social Security as a Means for Efficient Risk-bearing in an Economy where Human Capital is Not Tradeable written by Robert C. Merton and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intertemporal general equilibrium model of an economy with overlapping generations and two factors of production, labor and capital, is used to analyze the economic inefficiencies caused by the non- tradeability of human capital -and to derive a constrained pareto-optimal sys tern of taxes and transfers which "c.orrectS1 these inefficiencies. It is shown that, in the absence of such a system, this market failure causes the equilibrium path of the economy to deviate from the optimum for two reasons: First, as is well known, people cannot achieve their optimal lifecycle consumption program because early in life when most of their wealth is in the form of human capital, they cannot consume as much as they would otherwise choose. Second, investors cannot achieve an optimal portfolio allocation of their savings. Not only will some investors be forced to bear more risk than they would choose in the absence of this market failure, but because factor shares are uncertain, the portfolios held by investors will be inefficient. The young are "forced" to invest "too much" of their savings in human capital and the old are "forced" to invest "too little" in human capital. Hence, all investors bear "factor-share" risk which if human capital were tradeable, could be diversified away. It is shown that a optimal system of taxes and transfers not unlike the current Social Security system can eliminate this inefficiency, and therefore, it is suggested that a latent function of the present system may be to improve the efficiency of risk-bearing in the economy
Book Synopsis Social Security Incentives and Human Capital Investment by : Morten I. Lau
Download or read book Social Security Incentives and Human Capital Investment written by Morten I. Lau and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Information Technology Management by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Information Technology Management written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retirement written by Moshe Milevsky and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You must be aware of the value, potential return and risk of your human capital: your job, career and what you do for a living. Human capital is the most valuable asset that you will own over your lifecycle. You need to balance financial decisions with the characteristics of your human capital. The key trends identified in Are You a Stock or a Bond? include the decline of Defined Benefit (DB) pension provision, the continued increase in human longevity and the risk of personal inflation, and they are as relevant today as they were five years ago. The financial crisis has taught us that all types of capital -- human, financial and even social -- are key to a secure financial future. If your career has "stock-like" growth and risk characteristics, Milevsky helps you balance your "portfolio" by tilting investments towards safer "bonds." ¿ Saving for Retirement will relieve confusion and barriers to action. It acquaints readers with people like them, and step-by-step addresses what's likely confusing them. Instead of starting with some lofty financial planning theory, it walks individuals through the process everyone goes through with IRAs and 401 (k)s -- leaving no basic questions unanswered. Instead of telling readers to open an IRA-as many books do-it tells them how to open one: where to go, what the forms mean, how to decide how to invest, the essential first steps. The book removes everything from the reader's path that typically trips people up and hits the sweet spot for everyone from aged 18 to 60. Using new figures (including troubling new projections of healthcare and long-term care costs), she helps readers calculate exactly how much money they'll need. Next, she presents optimal asset allocations for each stage of life -- and shows how these allocations would've protected typical investors through the past five tumultuous years. Packed with her readers' personal stories, this book teaches powerful professional financial planning principles -- but makes them simple enough for anyone to apply on their own.
Book Synopsis Are You a Stock or a Bond? by : Moshe A. Milevsky Ph.D.
Download or read book Are You a Stock or a Bond? written by Moshe A. Milevsky Ph.D. and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Moshe Milevsky offers an original and clear re-thinking of the most fundamental concept in one’s financial lifetime: the management of risk, in all of its not-so-obvious dimensions.”—Nick Murray, author, Simple Wealth, Inevitable Wealth “This book is another example of Moshe Milevsky’s ability to make the complex understandable...an excellent primer—for both advisors and their clients alike—on the ‘How Tos’ of effective retirement income planning.”—Jim Rogers, CFP, 2008 President, The Million Dollar Round Table (MDRT) “In this new book, the author presents a holistic framework for investors and advisors to think about critical issues that impact investment decisions, such as human capital, mortality risk, and longevity risk. But even more importantly, Milevsky presents practical solutions that we can all follow to achieve financial security throughout our lives. This book is a must-read for everyone in the financial services industry.”—Peng Chen, CFA, Ibbotson Associates “This is an extremely timely and valuable book. Our financial lives have never been more complex, and the challenges for many are daunting. Milevsky provides a new perspective that can really help people make better financial decisions and attain a greater level of financial security.”—Matt Greenwald, President, Mathew Greenwald & Associates “The author has written an instant classic that will help people become better-educated retirement customers and also help financial advisors improve their professional skills.”—Francois Gadenne, Chairman of the Board and Executive Director, Retirement Income Industry Association (RIIA) “Milevsky delivers one of the best books to date on personal financial planning—a refreshing blend of content, conceptual correctness, and clarity. Buy it. Read it. Do it.”—Richard M. Ennis, Chairman, Ennis Knupp & Associates; Editor, Financial Analysts Journal In an era when traditional corporate pensions are disappearing, Social Security’ s sustainability is in question, healthcare costs are skyrocketing, and society is dumping more and more financial risk squarely onto your shoulders, Moshe Milevsky helps you comprehensively integrate all the opportunities and risks in your life: your career risks, your portfolio risks, your housing risks, and even your personal inflation and longevity risks that could lead you to financial regret and a ruined retirement. Then, he introduces a powerful, new framework for thinking about and managing your financial future that you can use to systematically reduce your vulnerability to each of these risks and, thus, generate long-term financial security. To maximize your investment returns and protect yourself and your family, you must learn to think of yourself as a small company, with assets, liabilities, a balance sheet, an income statement, and real shareholder equity. The composition and choices you make with your financial capital should reflect the nature and security of your career or job, which is your unique “human capital.” So, for example, if You, Inc. is like a “stock,” make sure your retirement savings are tilted toward “bonds.” If your job is more secure and You, Inc. is essentially a “bond,” then make sure your retirement savings are tilted toward “stocks.” Get personal with your investments and make your financial capital serve and protect your human capital. Factoring in your unique “human capital” adds a new dimension to financial planning which is a critical next step for sound and effective investing.
Book Synopsis Human Capital, Asset Allocation, and Life Insurance by : Peng Chen
Download or read book Human Capital, Asset Allocation, and Life Insurance written by Peng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial planners and advisors increasingly recognize that human capital must be taken into account when building optimal portfolios for individual investors. But human capital is not simply another pre-endowed asset class; it contains a unique mortality risk in the form of the loss of future income and wages in the event of the wage earner's death. Life insurance hedges this mortality risk, so human capital affects both optimal asset allocation and demand for life insurance. Yet, historically, asset allocation and life insurance decisions have been analyzed separately. This article develops a unified framework based on human capital that enables individual investors to make these decisions jointly.
Book Synopsis Human capital as an essential and measurable asset by : Junaid Javaid
Download or read book Human capital as an essential and measurable asset written by Junaid Javaid and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: C+, University of Bedfordshire, course: MSc Finance & Business Management, language: English, abstract: This AMP is carried out as a research toward finding and relating the company’s Human Capital with its desired performance. It has also suggested the method by which the company can reliably reports its Human Capital as the strongest company’s asset in its financial statements. From the Background context of given issue the evidence looks prominent and right that in the current scenario Human Capital is considered to be as the key success factor. The Literature Review section, in relation to the definition of Human Capital, the arguments of both Becker (1993) and Davenport (1999) makes sense and also looks generous. Becker (1993) defined Human Capital as a composition of four characteristics (Credentials, Reputation, Personality and Appearance). While on the other side, Davenport (1999) made a figure of by combining all aspects (Employee effort, behaviour, ability & time) together to give final shape to undergoing definition. In relations to the measurement methods of Human Capital, there are many Scholars who came forwards and proposed different methods. It has been regarded and acknowledged that work of certain Authors: Kaplan & Norton (1992), Monti-Belkaou & Riahi-Belkaoui (1995), Brown (1999) and Weiss (1999) is prominent. Out of these four studies Monti-Belkaou & Riahi-Belkaoui (1995) took the fame as their model have both aspect: practical implementation and recognition of value added by the company’s demployed Human Capital in its overall financial performance and operational excellence. The objectives of this AMP have been achieved. From the models like Balanced Scorecard and Kaplan’s Seven Step Framework and also from the case studies like Huselid, et al (1997) and Delery & Doty, (1996), it has been cleared and understood that the company’s Human Capital has implications on its business performance (success). From the studies like Kaplan & Norton (1992), Monti-Belkaou & Riahi-Belkaoui (1995), Brown (1999) and Weiss (1999), it has illustrated that these are the certain methods by which the company could include Human Capital as the company’s most significant in its financial reporting. Out of these four studies, Monti-Belkaou & Riahi-Belkaoui (1995) took the fame. So the need of an hour is to select it as the common framework for the reporting of Human Capital as the company’s most powerful assets.
Download or read book Human Capital written by Gary S. Becker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse array of factors may influence both earnings and consumption; however, this work primarily focuses on the impact of investments in human capital upon an individual's potential earnings and psychic income. For this study, investments in human capital include such factors as educational level, on-the-job skills training, health care, migration, and consideration of issues regarding regional prices and income. Taking into account varying cultures and political regimes, the research indicates that economic earnings tend to be positively correlated to education and skill level. Additionally, studies indicate an inverse correlation between education and unemployment. Presents a theoretical overview of the types of human capital and the impact of investment in human capital on earnings and rates of return. Then utilizes empirical data and research to analyze the theoretical issues related to investment in human capital, specifically formal education. Considered are such issues as costs and returns of investments, and social and private gains of individuals. The research compares and contrasts these factors based upon both education and skill level. Areas of future research are identified, including further analysis of issues regarding social gains and differing levels of success across different regions and countries. (AKP).
Book Synopsis Social Security Incentives, Human Capital Investment & Mobility of Labor by :
Download or read book Social Security Incentives, Human Capital Investment & Mobility of Labor written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Security and Incentives for Investment in Human Capital by : Larry G. Sgontz
Download or read book Social Security and Incentives for Investment in Human Capital written by Larry G. Sgontz and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Capital as an Asset Mix and Optimal Life-Cycle Portfolio by : Takao Kobayashi
Download or read book Human Capital as an Asset Mix and Optimal Life-Cycle Portfolio written by Takao Kobayashi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines life-cycle optimal consumption and asset allocation in the presence of human capital. Labor income seems like a money market mutual fund whose balance in one or two years is predictable but a wide dispersion results after many years, reflecting fluctuations in economic conditions. We use the martingale method to derive an analytical solution, finding that Merton's well-known constant-mix strategy is still true after incorporating human capital from the perspective of total wealth management. Moreover, the proportion in risky assets implicit in the agent's human capital is the main factor determining the optimal investment strategy. The numerical examples suggest that young investors should short stocks because their human capital has large market exposure. As they age, however, their human capital becomes bond-like, and thus they have to hold stocks to achieve optimal overall risk exposure.
Book Synopsis Human Capital Considerations in Asset Allocation Decisions by : Linda Melikian
Download or read book Human Capital Considerations in Asset Allocation Decisions written by Linda Melikian and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Life-Cycle Funds by : Luis M. Viceira
Download or read book Life-Cycle Funds written by Luis M. Viceira and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews recent advances in academic models of asset allocation for long-term investors, and explores their implications for the design of investment products that help investors save for retirement, particularly life-cycle funds and life-style (or balanced) funds. The paper argues that modern portfolio theory provides scientific foundation for the quot;risk-basedquot; asset allocation strategies and the quot;age-basedquot; asset allocation strategies that characterize life-style and life-cycle funds. Risk-based allocation strategies can be optimal in an environment where investors face real interest rate (or reinvestment risk), while human wealth considerations give rise to horizon effects in asset allocation. However, this theory also makes a number of suggestions about how life-style and life-cycle funds should be structured, and shows for which types of investors these funds are appropriate investment choices. Thus, modern portfolio theory provides only qualified support for these funds. Nevertheless, the paper argues that properly designed life-cycle funds are better default investment choices than money market funds in defined-contribution pension plans. The paper also argues for the creation of life-cycle funds that allow for heterogeneity in risk tolerance, and for the creation of life-cycle funds specific to defined-contribution plans that can better account for the correlation between human capital and stock returns. It also suggests that investors who expect to receive Social Security benefits and pension income after retirement should choose a target retirement date for their funds based on their life-expectancy, not their expected retirement date.
Book Synopsis Social Security Incentives & Human Capital Investment by :
Download or read book Social Security Incentives & Human Capital Investment written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Social Insurance and Employee Benefits by : Richard J. Butler
Download or read book The Economics of Social Insurance and Employee Benefits written by Richard J. Butler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for junior and senior undergraduate students, and master level students in human resources, risk management and insurance, industrial relations or public policy. The subject of the book is non-wage benefits paid to workers. Hence, it excludes discussion of needs-based programs such as welfare, food stamps, Supplementary Security Income, and Medicaid. It includes benefits mandated by the government including the major social insurance programs: workers' compensation, unemployment insurance and Social Security benefits. It also includes those benefits voluntarily provided by firms including: group medical care, disability benefits, paid sick time, pension benefits, life insurance, and assorted other fringe benefits. The book is divided into three parts. Part I (chapters 1 through 6) briefly introduces these programs and discusses some of the insurance and economic concepts that are useful in both evaluating the current programs, and in understanding what changes might mean for future costs and benefits. The next two parts of the book deal respectively with social insurance programs (Part II, chapters 7-10), and other employer provided benefits (Part III, chapters 11-16). Throughout, private sector human resource practice and public sector human resource policy is linked to various "ben~fit" models: the human capital model, the passive participant model, the insurance' model, the managed care model, and the integrated health benefits model.
