Sync or Manage Kindle Books & Devices

Download Sync or Manage Kindle Books & Devices PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ARX Brand International LLC
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sync or Manage Kindle Books & Devices by : ARX Reads

Download or read book Sync or Manage Kindle Books & Devices written by ARX Reads and published by ARX Brand International LLC. This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the simplest parts of shopping for an eBook from Amazon is the syncing. You'll read on your Kindle Device and then open the Kindle app on your phone and pick-up exactly where you left off. That's what digital reading should be all about. So to do it effectively, this guide will help you will the following things: Sync kindle books and devices Sync to the furthest page read across devices How to enable Whispersync Transfer Books (Cloud to Kindle) Transfer Books (PC to Kindle) How to view device content on PC Manage kindle content, devices, saved bookmarks, and notes Set as default device Deregister device Change the name of the device Change Kindle email alias

Kindle Fire Owner's Manual: The ultimate Kindle Fire guide to getting started, advanced user tips, and finding unlimited free books, videos and apps on Amazon and beyond

Download Kindle Fire Owner's Manual: The ultimate Kindle Fire guide to getting started, advanced user tips, and finding unlimited free books, videos and apps on Amazon and beyond PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Stephen Weber
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kindle Fire Owner's Manual: The ultimate Kindle Fire guide to getting started, advanced user tips, and finding unlimited free books, videos and apps on Amazon and beyond by : Steve Weber

Download or read book Kindle Fire Owner's Manual: The ultimate Kindle Fire guide to getting started, advanced user tips, and finding unlimited free books, videos and apps on Amazon and beyond written by Steve Weber and published by Stephen Weber. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally ... a quick, easy reference to using your Kindle Fire -- to the max! ..................................................................................... About the author: Steve Weber is founding publisher of KindleBuffet.com, which showcases five-star Kindle books currently available free (you may never have to pay for books again!). .................................................................................... Amazon's Kindle Fire is the handiest tablet available, and is your portal to an infinite universe of education and entertainment. This valuable reference book explains how to quickly set up your Kindle, navigate the touch-screen, buy, rent or stream video, and browse the world's largest library of digital books. This reference guide demystifies the Kindle and explains in plain English how to master the Kindle basics, plus secret tips, tricks and shortcuts you won't find elsewhere. Each section includes clearly written step-by-step instructions, illustrated with screenshots and menus just like you'll see on your own Kindle screen.

Kindle Fire: The Missing Manual

Download Kindle Fire: The Missing Manual PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 1449316271
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kindle Fire: The Missing Manual by : Peter Meyers

Download or read book Kindle Fire: The Missing Manual written by Peter Meyers and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrations and text explain using the Kindle Fire for e-reading, watching TV and movies, listening to music, and using e-mail.

My Kindle Fire HDX

Download My Kindle Fire HDX PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 078975293X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis My Kindle Fire HDX by : Jennifer Ackerman Kettell

Download or read book My Kindle Fire HDX written by Jennifer Ackerman Kettell and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2014 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Step-by-step instructions with callouts to Kindle Fire HDX photos that show you exactly what to do Help when you run into Kindle Fire HDX problems or limitations Tips and Notes to help you get the most from your Kindle Fire HDX Full-color, step-by-step tasks walk you through getting and keeping your Kindle Fire HDX working just the way you want. Learn how to: Quickly set up your Kindle Fire HDX or HD Connect to practically any network, including unlisted WiFi networks Smoothly transfer content between cloud, computer, and tablet Find your favorite books, audiobooks, newspapers, or magazines Read and write reviews at Amazon's global Goodreads community Move your Amazon printed book purchases online with MatchBook Play your music and video, wherever it comes from (even iTunes) Display movies on your TV and use Kindle Fire as a remote Control subscriptions so you pay for only the content you want Do more than ever with the newest Kindle Fire apps Connect via Facebook, Twitter, Skype, and email Edit personal documents and photos on your Kindle Fire HDX Manage your life, contacts, and calendar on your Kindle Fire HDX Make the most of Kindle Fire's built-in cameras Browse the Web with Kindle Fire's newly-upgraded Silk browser Find great apps for kids and control how they use Kindle Fire Get free Amazon personal support whenever you need it

Kindle Fire HD: The Missing Manual

Download Kindle Fire HD: The Missing Manual PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 1449360556
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kindle Fire HD: The Missing Manual by : Peter Meyers

Download or read book Kindle Fire HD: The Missing Manual written by Peter Meyers and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amazon’s Kindle Fire HD combines the most popular e-reader and tablet features in one sleek package, and with this entertaining guide, you’ll master everything the Fire has to offer. With loads of illustrations, step-by-step instructions, and savvy tips, you’ll learn how to manage your media library in the cloud, find the coolest apps, and make the most of your Kindle Fire experience—no matter which model you choose. The important stuff you need to know: Read all about it. Find ebooks and newspapers in the Kindle Store, and add your own books and magazines. Use great new features. Discover Amazon’s X-Ray service, and parental controls for individual users. Take in a show. Watch movies and TV series, and display your photos and videos. Go online. Browse the Web and manage email with Wi-Fi and 4D LTE. Fill up your jukebox. Listen to your favorite music from Amazon and iTunes. Load up on apps. Get popular games, guides, and references with Amazon’s Apps for Android. Get to work. Read PDFs, Word files, Excel spreadsheets, and other docs.

How to Sync Kindle Books on Devices

Download How to Sync Kindle Books on Devices PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781692108335
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How to Sync Kindle Books on Devices by : Peter Jackson

Download or read book How to Sync Kindle Books on Devices written by Peter Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You want to discover how to Sync all your devices in 1 minute? Then please, keep reading. Syncing across all your devices is just a matter of accesing a few options and you're good to go. One of the cool things is that after syncing, you can read from your iPad the same page you left on your iPhone/e-Reader, etc. You don't even need to remember the page number of the book/books you're reading. What you will discover in this quick read: Tips & Tricks for Sync to work properly. Enable Sync from your Amazon Account. Enable Sync from your Kindle e-Reader. Enable Sync from the Kindle Android App. Enable Sync from the Kindle iOS App (iPhone and iPad). Enable Sync for non-Amazon Books. What to do when Sync doesn't work. How to Disable Kindle Syncing. Also, you won't have to worry about losing your recent activity. Click the Add to Cart button and Sync all your Devices in 1 Minute, starting now!

The Kindle Fire Pocket Guide

Download The Kindle Fire Pocket Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Peachpit Press
ISBN 13 : 0132946459
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (329 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Kindle Fire Pocket Guide by : Scott McNulty

Download or read book The Kindle Fire Pocket Guide written by Scott McNulty and published by Peachpit Press. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This affordable and engaging guide is packed with practical information to you help you get the most from your Kindle Fire. Amazon Kindle expert Scott McNulty offers plenty of tips and pointers for using Amazon's trim tablet, including how to download apps, read books, take advantage of the Amazon cloud, and browse the web with Silk. With this essential companion, you'll learn how to make your way through Amazon's rich content ecosystem. Scott shows you how to Purchase or rent movies and TV shows Find and download popular apps and games Buy and read books found in the Kindle bookstore Take advantage of Amazon Prime to stream videos Use the built-in email app with Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, and other popular services Surf the web with Fire's Silk browser Store books, movies, music, and apps in the Amazon Cloud Packed with information, this inexpensive guide will quickly get you going with your the Kindle Fire.

Using Kindle

Download Using Kindle PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Que Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0768691826
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (686 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Using Kindle by : Jim Cheshire

Download or read book Using Kindle written by Jim Cheshire and published by Que Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing Using Kindle. Meticulously researched and painstakingly written to be the one Kindle resource you can't live without, Using Kindle is a thorough guide covering all aspects of the Kindle, including the new Kindle 2 and DX models, and is designed to teach you everything you need to know. Using Kindle was written for all Kindle users, even those who have absolutely no technical expertise and are inexperienced in using a computer. Here are just a few of the many things you'll learn in this book: -- Tips and tricks to help make your basic Kindle reading experience more enjoyable. -- Coverage of Kindle DX's native PDF support and accelerometer - it will automatically switch from portrait to landscape when you turn it! -- Details on Amazon's WhisperSync service for owners of multiple Kindles, an iPhone, or an iPod touch. -- Details on where you can locate free books as well as tips on how you can search for hard-to-find free books. -- How you can use free software to convert books and edit author name, title, and other information. -- The best ways to take advantage of the Kindle's built-in Web browser, including how to use email, blog readers, eBay, social networking, and even manage your Netflix movie queue. -- How to listen to music while you read. -- How to listen to podcasts on your Kindle (and how to make the Kindle automatically remember your current place in your favorite podcast.) -- A comprehensive FAQ on the Kindle using carefully researched questions asked by Kindle users. -- Innovative ideas on using the Kindle for an information-storage device. -- Much, much more! Buy Using Kindle today and spend more time reading what you want and less time trying to figure out the Kindle.

Kindle Paperwhite For Dummies

Download Kindle Paperwhite For Dummies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118855329
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kindle Paperwhite For Dummies by : Leslie H. Nicoll

Download or read book Kindle Paperwhite For Dummies written by Leslie H. Nicoll and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains usage of the Kindle Paperwhite, including reading on the device, finding content, saving documents, and troubleshooting.

The Kindle Pocket Guide

Download The Kindle Pocket Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Peachpit Press
ISBN 13 : 0321671201
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (216 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Kindle Pocket Guide by : Scott McNulty

Download or read book The Kindle Pocket Guide written by Scott McNulty and published by Peachpit Press. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kindle Pocket Guide covers all facets of the Kindle. Everything readers need to know about the device and the software and what's possible. The Kindle for iPhone app for iPhone and iPod Touch are also covered.

iPhone Portable Genius

Download iPhone Portable Genius PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111893220X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis iPhone Portable Genius by : Paul McFedries

Download or read book iPhone Portable Genius written by Paul McFedries and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: iPhone Portable Genius is packed with practical advice and covers all the key features in clear, no-nonsense language accessible to those new to the iPhone family. Even experienced iPhone users can discover new tips and tricks that help save time and eliminate hassles. This full-color guide is designed for the visual learner, featuring plenty of screenshots that illustrate various techniques. Genius icons highlight smarter, more innovative ways to do what you need to do better and faster. You'll find essential information about iOS, Siri, iCloud, and learn how to use your iPhone to manage, organize, and navigate your life. Each new iPhone release inspires fervor as consumers clamor to get their hands on the latest and greatest. Why the excitement? Because as seamlessly functional as the iPhone is, it just keeps getting better. iPhone Portable Genius teaches you the techniques that translate across generations and upgrades as well as the fundamentals of iOS. Learn to: Connect to a network, configure your settings, and work with iCloud Max out the media features, surf the Web, and check your e-mail Manage your contacts, appointments, e-books, and libraries Sync your apps, photos, music, and more A comprehensive index designed for easy navigation, clear, concise instruction, and a small, portable size make this handy guide ideal for new iPhone users. Making calls is only the beginning, and iPhone Portable Genius shows you how much your iPhone has to offer.

IPhone All-in-One For Dummies

Download IPhone All-in-One For Dummies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118932188
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis IPhone All-in-One For Dummies by : Joe Hutsko

Download or read book IPhone All-in-One For Dummies written by Joe Hutsko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to take advantage of every feature of your iPhone! From activation to synching with the Cloud, Hutsko and Boyd help you learn the secrets, and show you how to troubleshoot common problems.

Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition

Download Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1430240695
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition by : Erica Sadun

Download or read book Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition written by Erica Sadun and published by Apress. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition is written so that anyone can quickly get up to speed on Apple’s latest hit. As bloggers at The Unofficial Apple Weblog (TUAW.com), the authors have the happy privilege of working with Apple products every day, and they'll guide you through all of the perks of being an iPad owner with access to all the new and amazing features in iOS 5. This book takes you from selecting and buying an iPad, to connecting it to the Internet, to using the incredible power of the iPad and all its apps to enhance your life. Whether you’re using your iPad to surf the Internet, admire or edit family photos, listen to music, watch movies, create or edit movies, or read a book, this book will help guide you. Discover how your iPad can be a virtual shopping mall, opening the door to purchases of music, books, videos, and movies. This book will help you organize your daily life through the use of Calendar, Notes, and Contacts, communicate with friends and colleagues with Mail, and find your way with Maps. You'll also learn how get the most out of your iPad's two cameras, and you'll learn how iCloud keeps all of your documents and photos in sync across all your Apple devices. You'll also learn about great new iOS 5 features like Reminders, Notification Center, iMessage, Newsstand, and PC-Free updates. Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition introduces the essentials of using your iPad for recreation, travel, and work—and includes the basics of Apple's iWork suite for iPad. Learn to create business or personal documents with Pages, make professional presentations with Keynote, and keep data and finances under control with Numbers. You'll also learn how to use iLife's suite of apps, including iPhoto, iMovie, and GarageBand on the iPad. No matter how you use your iPad, Taking Your iPad to the Max, iOS 5 Edition will show you how to make the most of it.

iPhone 4S Superguide (Macworld Superguides)

Download iPhone 4S Superguide (Macworld Superguides) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macworld
ISBN 13 : 1937821005
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (378 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis iPhone 4S Superguide (Macworld Superguides) by :

Download or read book iPhone 4S Superguide (Macworld Superguides) written by and published by Macworld. This book was released on with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activate, customize, and navigate your iPhone. Meet Siri, your new voice assistant. Connect with friends using iMessage, FaceTime, and email. Organize your life with Apple's productivity apps. Watch, read, play, and listen to your media collection. Find solutions for common troubleshooting issues. Enhance your iPhone with the latest accessories. Macworld’s iPhone 4S Superguide (the 35th book in our Superguide series) offers in-depth explanations, how-tos, tips, tricks, and troubleshooting for any iPhone-obsessed user in your life. Inside this book, you’ll find a complete rundown of how to use your iPhone to communicate, be productive, and enjoy multimedia. If you’re not sure where to start, don’t worry, because our full-featured guide offers some nice tips for beginners: Take a tour of the iPhone and learn how to activate it; tweak each one of your device’s settings; discover basic gestures for navigating through apps and home screens; and learn about some of our favorite tips and tricks. And don’t forget to meet your new personal voice assistant, Siri, and explore iCloud, Apple’s sync service. Once you’ve gotten everything set up, it’s time to download some third-party apps and explore what your iPhone has to offer. Connect with friends and family using the Phone app, iMessage, and FaceTime; get online using 3G or Wi-Fi; secure your connection via a VPN; browse the Web and email coworkers; and navigate the world with the Maps app and GPS. You can further organize your life with included Apple apps like Calendar, Notes, and Reminders, and expand your work productivity with Apple’s iWork office suite or other third-party apps. When you’ve finished a project, learn how to export it to a cloud service like Dropbox or print it out. More interested in the multimedia side of your iPhone? Check out our chapter on syncing your music, videos, podcasts, TV shows, and apps. You can also play games with friends by using Apple’s Game Center, read books with iBooks, and make movie and musical masterpieces with iMovie and GarageBand, respectively. If you run into trouble, never fear: Our troubleshooting tips will keep your iPhone sailing smooth. And in case you’re stumped on how to best outfit your device, we provide suggestions for great iPhone 4S cases, headphones, speakers, and more.

OS X Mountain Lion Bible

Download OS X Mountain Lion Bible PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118499891
Total Pages : 866 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OS X Mountain Lion Bible by : Galen Gruman

Download or read book OS X Mountain Lion Bible written by Galen Gruman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete guide to Mac OS X, fully updated for the newest release! The Mac's solid, powerful operating system and the exploding popularity of iOS devices are fueling a strong increase in market share for Apple. Previous editions of this book have sold more than 75,000 copies, and this new edition is fully updated with all the exciting features of OS X Mountain Lion, including Game Center, Messages, and Notifications. Written by industry expert Galen Gruman, it covers all the basics and then delves deep into professional and higher-end topics, making it the one book you need to succeed with Mac OS X. Mac sales are booming, and those who are just getting started with a Mac need the detailed coverage in this guide Includes tips, tricks, and advanced information for those ready to step up to the next level with their Macs With both basic coverage and more in-depth explorations of professional and advanced features, this book is ideal for both Mac newcomers and veterans who want to master all the functionality of the new system Mac OS X Bible is the comprehensive resource on using the newest version of Mac OS X and taking full advantage of its power.

Invent and Wander

Download Invent and Wander PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1647820723
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (478 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Invent and Wander by :

Download or read book Invent and Wander written by and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Jeff Bezos's own words, the core principles and philosophy that have guided him in creating, building, and leading Amazon and Blue Origin. In this collection of Jeff Bezos's writings—his unique and strikingly original annual shareholder letters, plus numerous speeches and interviews that provide insight into his background, his work, and the evolution of his ideas—you'll gain an insider's view of the why and how of his success. Spanning a range of topics across business and public policy, from innovation and customer obsession to climate change and outer space, this book provides a rare glimpse into how Bezos thinks about the world and where the future might take us. Written in a direct, down-to-earth style, Invent and Wander offers readers a master class in business values, strategy, and execution: The importance of a Day 1 mindset Why "it's all about the long term" What it really means to be customer obsessed How to start new businesses and create significant organic growth in an already successful company Why culture is an imperative How a willingness to fail is closely connected to innovation What the Covid-19 pandemic has taught us Each insight offers new ways of thinking through today's challenges—and more importantly, tomorrow's—and the never-ending urgency of striving ahead, never resting on one's laurels. Everyone from CEOs of the Fortune 100 to entrepreneurs just setting up shop to the millions who use Amazon's products and services in their homes or businesses will come to understand the principles that have driven the success of one of the most important innovators of our time. Invent and Wander: The Collected Writings of Jeff Bezos is co-published by PublicAffairs, an imprint of Perseus Books, and Harvard Business Review Press.

The New Technology Elite

Download The New Technology Elite PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118103130
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Technology Elite by : Vinnie Mirchandani

Download or read book The New Technology Elite written by Vinnie Mirchandani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How-to guidance for optimizing incumbent technologies to deliver a better product and gain competitive advantage Their zip codes are far from Silicon Valley. Their SIC codes show retail, automobile or banking. But industry after industry is waking up to the opportunity of "smart" products and services for their increasingly tech-savvy customers. Traditionally technology buyers, they are learning to embed technology in their products and become technology vendors. In turn, if you analyze Apple, Google, Amazon, Facebook, Twitter and eBay, you marvel at their data centers, retail stores, application ecosystems, global supply chains, design shops. They are considered "consumer" tech but have better technology at larger scale than most enterprises. The old delineation of technology buyer and vendor is obsolete. There is a new definition for the technology elite - and you find them across industries and geographies. The 17 case studies and 4 guest columns spread through The New Technology Elite bring out the elite attributes in detail. Every organization will increasingly be benchmarked against these elite - and soon will be competing against them. Contrasts the productivity that Apple, Google and others have demonstrated in the last decade to that of the average enterprise technology group Reveals how to leverage what companies have learned from Google, Apple, Amazon.com, and Facebook to your company's advantage Designed for business practitioners, CEOs, CFOs, CIOs, technology vendors, venture capitalists, IT consultants, marketing executives, and policy makers Other titles by Vinnie Mirchandani: The New Polymath: Profiles in Compound-Technology Innovations If you're looking to encourage technology innovation, look no further. The New Technology Elite provides the building blocks your company needs to become innovative through incumbent technologies.