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How Tax Incentives Affect Decisions To Invest In Developing Countries
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Book Synopsis How Tax Incentives Affect Decisions to Invest in Developing Countries by : Robin W. Boadway
Download or read book How Tax Incentives Affect Decisions to Invest in Developing Countries written by Robin W. Boadway and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of investment incentives in developing economies should reflect consideration of their effects on the marginal effective tax rate, on firms likely to suffer losses, on cash flows, on foreign-owned firms, and on the way capital is allocated among assets.
Book Synopsis How Tax Incentives Affect Decisions to Invest in Developing Countries by : Robin Boadway
Download or read book How Tax Incentives Affect Decisions to Invest in Developing Countries written by Robin Boadway and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors contend that in evaluating and designing investment incentives in developing economies, analysts should consider their effect on: the marginal effective tax rate (METR). Even simple tax incentives can perversely affect the METR. Many schemes have relatively generous write-offs to begin with, so generous that a negative marginal effective tax rate is not uncommon. In these circumstances, tax rate reductions (including tax holidays) can discourage investment. Investment tax credits are more likely to be effective. Loss firms. Incentives that do not have generous loss-offsetting or refundability provisions will be of limited use to firms likely to suffer losses (including small growing firms and firms in risky environments). Cash flows. Incentives that improve firms' cash flows may be more effective than those that do not. Refundability may be important here. Simply adopting cash-flow costing principles with refundability may be more effective than reducing tax rates. Foreign-owned firms. If the value of a tax incentive is fully offset by reduced credits for foreign taxes, the incentive effect will probably be minimal. Capital allocation among assets. Some measures favor short- over long-lived capital, machinery over inventory, some industries over others. Incentives that encourage investment selectively may cause distortions in the way capital is allocated. Other factors to be considered in designing tax incentives: inflation, which is typically high in developing economies. Incentives should offset the effects of inflation; tax evasion, a common problem in developing countries; technology transfer; the fulfillment of social, environmental, and regional non-economic objectives; the effects on firms' organization (do the incentives encourage mergers, takeovers, or bankruptcy?).
Book Synopsis How Tax Policy and Incentives Affect Foreign Direct Investment by : Jacques Morisset
Download or read book How Tax Policy and Incentives Affect Foreign Direct Investment written by Jacques Morisset and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax incentives neither make up for serious deficiencies in a country's investment environment nor generate the desired externalities. But when other factors, such as infrastructure, transport costs, and political and economic stability are more or less equal, the taxes in one location may have a significant effect on investors' choices. This effect varies, however, depending on the tax instrument used, the characteristics of the multinational company, and the relationship between the tax systems of the home and recipient countries.
Book Synopsis Tax Law Design and Drafting, Volume 1 by : Mr.Victor Thuronyi
Download or read book Tax Law Design and Drafting, Volume 1 written by Mr.Victor Thuronyi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-08-23 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by Victor Thuronyi, this book offers an introduction to a broad range of issues in comparative tax law and is based on comparative discussion of the tax laws of developed countries. It presents practical models and guidelines for drafting tax legislation that can be used by officials of developing and transition countries. Volume I covers general issues, some special topics, and major taxes other than income tax.
Book Synopsis Rethinking Investment Incentives by : Ana Teresa Tavares-Lehmann
Download or read book Rethinking Investment Incentives written by Ana Teresa Tavares-Lehmann and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments often use direct subsidies or tax credits to encourage investment and promote economic growth and other development objectives. Properly designed and implemented, these incentives can advance a wide range of policy objectives (increasing employment, promoting sustainability, and reducing inequality). Yet since design and implementation are complicated, incentives have been associated with rent-seeking and wasteful public spending. This collection illustrates the different types and uses of these initiatives worldwide and examines the institutional steps that extend their value. By combining economic analysis with development impacts, regulatory issues, and policy options, these essays show not only how to increase the mobility of capital so that cities, states, nations, and regions can better attract, direct, and retain investments but also how to craft policy and compromise to ensure incentives endure.
Book Synopsis Tax Incentives for Private Investment in Developing Countries by : Robert Anthoine
Download or read book Tax Incentives for Private Investment in Developing Countries written by Robert Anthoine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide within a single volume a comparative analysis of the tax laws of developed countries bearing upon direct private investment in developing countries, and a representative sample of developing country laws bearing upon the receipt of such investment. This study was initiated by the Tax Committee of the Business Section of the International Bar Association under the leadership of Jean-Claude Goldsmith of the Paris Bar. I undertook to act as the reporter, to browbeat colleagues in other countries to write national reports, and to provide the reporter's overview statement. This report includes studies of fourteen developed countries prepared by national reporters and summaries of five other developed country laws. Note worthy are the detailed examinations of the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and of Japan, the two developed countries that have provided the most comprehensive system of incentives for private investment in developing countries. Also contained herein are reports from eight developing countries, including a thorough examination of the laws of Brazil. Attention is paid in the developed country reports not only to those tax provisions that act as in inducement to foreign investment but also to those that favor domestic investment and hence act as a disincentive to foreign investment. Relevant double taxation agreements are discussed, and other aspects such as exchange control and government grants are also mentioned.
Book Synopsis Tax Policy and Reform for Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Tax Policy and Reform for Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-07-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies tax factors in 21 developing countries that have an impact on foreign direct investment flows. It categorizes those factors into issues associated with tax coordination; tax rates and rate structures; and composition of the tax base. Recent actions by countries reveal no clear pattern in their attempts to increase tax coordination, while many have reduced corporate tax rates and stream-lined tax incentives. However, broad-based tax reform is lacking in most, leaving room for further possibilities in tax reform for attracting foreign investment. The paper also addresses nontax factors that can be instrumental in attracting foreign investment.
Book Synopsis Tax Incentives in Developing Countries and International Taxation by : Timo Viherkenttä
Download or read book Tax Incentives in Developing Countries and International Taxation written by Timo Viherkenttä and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the complex coordination of tax incentives for foreign investors and international taxation. The analysis locates the factors which tend to frustrate such incentives through increased taxation in the investor's home country. The various tax planning techniques for avoiding the loss of incentive benefits are also dealt with.
Book Synopsis Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Tax Incentives by : Alexander Klemm
Download or read book Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Tax Incentives written by Alexander Klemm and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth literature has had problems explaining the "sub-Saharan African growth dummy" in cross-country regressions. Instead of taking the usual approach of focusing on long-run growth and assuming that sub-Saharan countries have homogenous parameters in growth regressions, we concentrate our analysis on episodes of growth turnarounds (identifying growth accelerations, decelerations, and collapses) and use only West African countries in our sample. The driving force of growth turnarounds are estimated by analyzing external shocks, political and institutional changes, economic reforms, and indicators particularly relevant to the region. Using probits for a group of 22 Western African economies for the period 1960-2006, we find that growth accelerations are most clearly associated with external shocks, economic liberalization, political stability, and closeness to the coast; decelerations occurred during short-lived regimes and when corruption indices weakened; and collapses are linked to external shocks, falling domestic credit, and proximity to the coast. We then identify policy implications.
Book Synopsis Tax Incentives for Private Industrial Investment in Less Developed Countries by : World Bank
Download or read book Tax Incentives for Private Industrial Investment in Less Developed Countries written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Voices in Investment by : Laura Gómez-Mera
Download or read book New Voices in Investment written by Laura Gómez-Mera and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the characteristics, motivations, strategies, and needs of FDI from emerging markets. It draws from a survey of investors and potential investors in Brazil, India, South Korea, and South Africa.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Incentives for Investment and Innovation by : Anwar Shah
Download or read book Fiscal Incentives for Investment and Innovation written by Anwar Shah and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries continue to make widespread use of tax policy instruments to promote industrial and technological development. The actual effect of these instruments on business activity and government revenues, however, remains an open question. The studies presented in this volume take an important first step in quantifying the effect of investment incentives on business decisions related to production and investment. In addition, they suggest the consequences of such incentives for government revenues. The analyses presented in subsequent chapters attempt to answer a narrow set of questions. The most fundamental of these questions is: Do taxes matter for investment? Related questions include: - What have been the investment stimulation (direct and induced) effects of tax policy measures per dollar of forgone revenues? - Do taxes matter for foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries? Do they influence foreign business decisions about location? - What are the implications of the home (industrial) country tax regime for the host (developing) country tax system? - How do taxes interact with other institutional features of a developing country, and what are the implications for the effectiveness of tax incentives? Are corporate taxes largely ineffective (nonmarginal) instruments because of the influence of other policy instruments? - Do taxes matter for domestic investment? What is their effect on the structure of industrial production? - What has been the effect of tax instruments on the employment of labor, physical capital, and research and development (R&D) capital? - What has been the effect of business taxes and tax expenditures (forgone revenues) on technological change, expansion of private output, and after-tax profits? - Are there tax-induced distortions that prevent firms from holding optimal levels of fixed factors? - How does market power affect tax incentives? - What is the role of expectations in investment decisions? - Given empirical estimates on factor substitution, the nature of technical change, and economies of scale, what revenue-neutral alternative tax policy environment would best encourage investment and enhance productivity and growth? The papers presented in this volume reflect on the above questions at both conceptual and empirical levels and in doing so pay close attention to the tax and nontax policy elements and the existing institutions (market imperfections) in developing and emerging market economies. In the next section the case for tax policy interventions in the marketplace is examined briefly.
Book Synopsis Using Tax Incentives to Compete for Foreign Investment by : Louis T. Wells
Download or read book Using Tax Incentives to Compete for Foreign Investment written by Louis T. Wells and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This volume consists of two essays: the first one examines this issue in the context of Indonesia, the second provides a review of earlier literature.
Book Synopsis Investment Incentives by : Kenneth P. Thomas
Download or read book Investment Incentives written by Kenneth P. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-08-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund has long played a lead role in supporting developing countries’ efforts to improve their revenue mobilization. This paper draws on that experience to review issues and good practice, and to assess prospects in this key area.
Book Synopsis Rethinking Property Tax Incentives for Business by : Daphne A. Kenyon
Download or read book Rethinking Property Tax Incentives for Business written by Daphne A. Kenyon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of property tax incentives for business by local governments throughout the United States has escalated over the last 50 years. While there is little evidence that these tax incentives are an effective instrument to promote economic development, they cost state and local governments $5 to $10 billion each year in forgone revenue. Three major obstacles can impede the success of property tax incentives as an economic development tool. First, incentives are unlikely to have a significant impact on a firm's profitability since property taxes are a small part of the total costs for most businesses--averaging much less than 1 percent of total costs for the U.S. manufacturing sector. Second, tax breaks are sometimes given to businesses that would have chosen the same location even without the incentives. When this happens, property tax incentives merely deplete the tax base without promoting economic development. Third, widespread use of incentives within a metropolitan area reduces their effectiveness, because when firms can obtain similar tax breaks in most jurisdictions, incentives are less likely to affect business location decisions. This report reviews five types of property tax incentives and examines their characteristics, costs, and effectiveness: property tax abatement programs; tax increment finance; enterprise zones; firm-specific property tax incentives; and property tax exemptions in connection with issuance of industrial development bonds. Alternatives to tax incentives should be considered by policy makers, such as customized job training, labor market intermediaries, and business support services. State and local governments also can pursue a policy of broad-based taxes with low tax rates or adopt split-rate property taxation with lower taxes on buildings than land.State policy makers are in a good position to increase the effectiveness of property tax incentives since they control how local governments use them. For example, states can restrict the use of incentives to certain geographic areas or certain types of facilities; publish information on the use of property tax incentives; conduct studies on their effectiveness; and reduce destructive local tax competition by not reimbursing local governments for revenue they forgo when they award property tax incentives.Local government officials can make wiser use of property tax incentives for business and avoid such incentives when their costs exceed their benefits. Localities should set clear criteria for the types of projects eligible for incentives; limit tax breaks to mobile facilities that export goods or services out of the region; involve tax administrators and other stakeholders in decisions to grant incentives; cooperate on economic development with other jurisdictions in the area; and be clear from the outset that not all businesses that ask for an incentive will receive one.Despite a generally poor record in promoting economic development, property tax incentives continue to be used. The goal is laudable: attracting new businesses to a jurisdiction can increase income or employment, expand the tax base, and revitalize distressed urban areas. In a best case scenario, attracting a large facility can increase worker productivity and draw related firms to the area, creating a positive feedback loop. This report offers recommendations to improve the odds of achieving these economic development goals.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498344658 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
