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How Much Should I Hold Reserve Adequacy In Emerging Markets And Small Islands
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Book Synopsis How much should I hold? Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Markets and Small Islands by : MissNkunde Mwase
Download or read book How much should I hold? Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Markets and Small Islands written by MissNkunde Mwase and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the drivers of reserves in emerging markets (EMs) and small island (SIs) and develops an operational metric for estimating reserves in SIs taking into account their unique characteristics. It uses quantile regression techniques to allow the estimated factors driving reserves holdings to vary along the reserves’ holding distribution and tests for equality among the slope coefficients of the various quantile regressions and the overall models. F-tests comparing the inter-quantile differences could not reject the that the models for the different quantiles of SIs reserve distribution were similar but this was rejected for EMs distribution suggesting that models explaining drivers of reserve holdings should take into account the country’s reserve holdings. Empirical analysis suggests that the metric performs better than existing metrics in reducing crisis probabilities in SIs.
Book Synopsis Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Market Economics by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Market Economics written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes reserve adequacy in emerging market countries. It argues that the old rule of thumb of maintaining reserves equivalent to three months of imports has become obsolete and that, instead, a new benchmark is needed which takes into account the increased importance of capital flows. The paper suggests such a benchmark, consisting of the sum of short-term debt on a residual maturity basis (the external drain) and an allowance for possible capital flight (the internal drain), taking into account differences in country risk and exchange rate regime.
Book Synopsis Assessing Reserve Adequacy in Low-Income Countries by : Mr.Valerio Crispolti
Download or read book Assessing Reserve Adequacy in Low-Income Countries written by Mr.Valerio Crispolti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-income countries routinely experience exogenous disturbances—sharp swings in the terms of trade, export demand, natural disasters, and volatile financial flows—that contribute to higher volatility in aggregate output and consumption compared with other countries. Assessing Reserve Adequacy in Low-Income Countries presents the findings of an analysis of a range of external shocks faced by these countries, beginning with a discussion of the impact of external shocks on macroeconomic growth, volatility, and welfare. Although sound macroeconomic and prudential policy frameworks are the first line of defense for limiting vulnerability, international reserves constitute the main form of self-insurance against such shocks. The evidence suggests that low-income countries with reserve coverage above three months of imports were better able to smooth consumption and absorption in the face of external shocks compared with those with lower reserve holdings. The analysis also points to the importance of country characteristics and vulnerabilities in assessing reserve adequacy.
Book Synopsis Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Market Economies by : J. A. H. de Beaufort Wijnholds
Download or read book Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Market Economies written by J. A. H. de Beaufort Wijnholds and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Market Economies by : J. Onno de Beaufort Wijnholds
Download or read book Reserve Adequacy in Emerging Market Economies written by J. Onno de Beaufort Wijnholds and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes reserve adequacy in emerging market countries. It argues that the old rule of thumb of maintaining reserves equivalent to three months of imports has become obsolete and that, instead, a new benchmark is needed which takes into account the increased importance of capital flows. The paper suggests such a benchmark, consisting of the sum of short-term debt on a residual maturity basis (the external drain) and an allowance for possible capital flight (the internal drain), taking into account differences in country risk and exchange rate regime.
Book Synopsis Reserve adequacy in emerging market economies by : J. Onno de Beaufort Wijnholds
Download or read book Reserve adequacy in emerging market economies written by J. Onno de Beaufort Wijnholds and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498345646 Total Pages :42 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Guidance Note on the Assessment of Reserve Adequacy and Related Considerations by : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Download or read book Guidance Note on the Assessment of Reserve Adequacy and Related Considerations written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-03-06 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: operational guidance to staff on reserve adequacy discussions in the IMF’s bilateral and multilateral surveillance. It is based on the views presented in the policy paper Assessing Reserve Adequacy—Specific Proposals and the related Board discussion. The note addresses key issues related to Staff’s advice on the assessment of the adequacy of reserves and related items, including answering the following questions: What is the expected coverage of reserve issues at different stages of the bilateral surveillance process (Policy Note, mission, and Staff Report)? Which reserve adequacy tools best fit different economies based on their financial maturity, economic flexibility, and market access? What do possible reserve needs in mature markets relate to, and how can their adequacy be assessed? How can reserve adequacy discussions for emerging and deepening financial markets be tailored and applied to better evaluate reserve levels in: (i) commodity-intensive economies; (ii) countries with capital flow management measures (CFMs); and (iii) partially and fully dollarized economies? What reserve adequacy considerations hold for countries with limited access to capital markets? How can metrics for these economies be tailored to evaluate their reserve needs? How should potential drains on reserves be covered? What are the various measures of the cost of reserves for countries with and without market access?
Book Synopsis Seychelles by : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Download or read book Seychelles written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This staff report discusses Seychelles 2013 Article IV Consultation, Seventh Review Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criterion. The repayment of domestic debt, a preference for foreign financing, and shallow domestic financial markets have resulted in significant structural rupee liquidity in the banking system. Tourism has been the main driver of growth, but there is a tension with the number of tourists the islands can absorb. Despite the challenging global environment, tourist arrivals have grown strongly, with diversification toward nontraditional markets more than offsetting stalling European arrivals. The Seychellois rupee is broadly in line with medium-term fundamentals, and tourism remains competitive among peers.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484377176 Total Pages :114 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Suriname by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Suriname written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper mainly discusses the IMF-supported program aimed at restoring macroeconomic stability and confidence in Suriname’s economy. The proposed 24-month Stand-By Arrangement (265 percent of quota, or SDR 342 million) aims to support Suriname’s adjustment to the fall in commodity export prices and restore external and fiscal sustainability. It foresees an improvement of the fiscal balance by 7.4 percent of GDP, which would reverse the rise in the government debt-to-GDP ratio; restore foreign reserves to adequate levels—four months of imports; and reflect a monetary policy stance calibrated to reduce inflation to single digits. It also strengthens the foundations for private-sector growth.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484355121 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis The Bahamas by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book The Bahamas written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that The Bahamas’ real GDP is estimated to have expanded by 1.3 percent in 2017. Economic activity has been supported by the completion of Baha Mar, new foreign direct investment-financed projects, and post-hurricane reconstruction activity. However, air tourist arrivals declined 4 percent in 2017, reflecting the impact of Hurricane Matthew on hotel infrastructure in the Grand Bahama Island. Real GDP growth is projected at 2.5 percent in 2018 and 2.25 percent in 2019 on the back of stronger growth in the United States; the phased opening of Baha Mar; and a pickup in foreign direct investment. Medium-term growth is projected to remain at 1.5 percent, reflecting significant structural impediments.
Book Synopsis Central African Economic and Monetary Community by : Mr.Mario Zamaróczy
Download or read book Central African Economic and Monetary Community written by Mr.Mario Zamaróczy and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses possible reserve management approaches in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). The paper looks beyond the region’s current oil crisis and proposes a new approach to international reserve management in the medium term.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1475540868 Total Pages :14 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (755 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Research Bulletin, December 2012 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Research Bulletin, December 2012 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Research Summaries in the December 2012 IMF Research Bulletin look at "Market Failures and Macroprudential Policy" (Giovanni Favara and Lev Ratnovski) and "Measurement Matters for House Price Indices" (Mick Silver). The Q&A column looks at "Seven Questions on Turning Points of the Global Business Cycle." The Bulletin also includes a listing of recent IMF Working Papers and Staff Discussion Notes, as well as a list of the top-viewed articles for the first three issues of IMF Economic Review in 2012. Information is also included on a call for papers for the conference "Asia: Challenges of Stability and Growth" to be held in Seoul in 2013.
Book Synopsis Cape Verde, Namibia, and Kingdom of Swaziland by : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Download or read book Cape Verde, Namibia, and Kingdom of Swaziland written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-09-20 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper focuses on the challenges of small middle-income countries (MIC) in sSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) comprising Cape Verde, Namibia, and the Kingdom of Swaziland. The IMF report summarizes the analytic underpinnings that support the IMF staff’s advice on policies to strengthen macroeconomic stability, foster more inclusive growth, and enhance the resilience of their financial systems. It recommends that macroeconomic policies should aim to rebuild policy buffers to help cushion against large external shocks especially given the prevalence of pegged exchange rate regimes in these economies.
Book Synopsis Estimating the Demand for Reserve Assets Across Diverse Groups by : Ms.Rina Bhattacharya
Download or read book Estimating the Demand for Reserve Assets Across Diverse Groups written by Ms.Rina Bhattacharya and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper takes a fresh look at the determinants of reserves holding with the aim of highlighting similarities and differences in the motives for holding reserves among emerging markets (EMs), advanced economies (AEs), and low-income countries (LICs). We apply two panel estimation techniques: fixed effects (FE) and common correlated effects pooled mean group (CCEPMG). FE regression results suggest that precautionary savings motives, both current account- and capital account-related, are generally the most important determinants of reserves holding across country groups and that their importance has increased for AEs and LICs since the global financial crisis while receding for EMs. Mercantilist motives matter mostly for EMs. Intertemporal motives have been gaining importance everywhere over time. The CCEPMG results confirm the importance of precautionary motives and suggest that current account motives matter only for EMs and LICs and capital account motives matter for all groups while being more important for EMs in both the shortand long runs. The CCEPMG results also point to the importance of taking into account unobserved common factors that affect coefficient estimates and the dynamic process through which reserves adjust to changes. At about 0.6, the speed of adjustment to the long-run equilibrium implies that more than half of the gap between actual and desired reserve holdings is closed within a year.
Author :Mr.Ivohasina Fizara Razafimahefa Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1475530021 Total Pages :57 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (755 download)
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Sub-Saharan African Economies and its Determinants by : Mr.Ivohasina Fizara Razafimahefa
Download or read book Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Sub-Saharan African Economies and its Determinants written by Mr.Ivohasina Fizara Razafimahefa and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices and its determinants in sub-Saharan African countries. It finds that the pass-through is incomplete. The pass-through is larger following a depreciation than after an appreciation of the local currency. The average elasticity is estimated at about 0.4. It is lower in countries with more flexible exchange rate regimes and in countries with a higher income. A low inflation environment, a prudent monetary policy, and a sustainable fiscal policy are associated with a lower pass-through. The degree of pass-through has declined in the SSA region since the mid-1990s following marked improvements in macroeconomic and political environments.
Book Synopsis Trinidad and Tobago by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Trinidad and Tobago written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2011 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of Trinidad and Tobago is turning the corner, and growth is expected to resume in 2012 after an extended slowdown lasting three years. Real economic activity is expected to increase by 1.7 percent in 2012 as the nonenergy sector picks up momentum with the acceleration of government investment. Executive Directors have welcomed the signs of economic recovery following a prolonged slowdown, and commended the authorities for implementing supportive policies, aided by ample buffers, which had helped maintain stability.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484305825 Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Guyana by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Guyana written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic activity continued to expand but growth was uneven. In 2016, subdued agricultural commodity prices, adverse weather conditions and delays in public investment led to a contraction in non-mining sectors. Nevertheless, GDP increased by 3.3 percent buoyed by very large increases in gold output. Increased exports of gold and improved terms of trade helped the current account achieve a surplus of 0.4 percent of GDP from a 5.7 percent deficit in 2015. Guyana is expected to become an oil producer by mid-2020.
