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How Minilateral Trading Arrangements May Affect The Post Uruguay Round World
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Book Synopsis How Minilateral Trading Arrangements May Affect the Post-uruguay Round World by : Carlos Alberto Primo Braga
Download or read book How Minilateral Trading Arrangements May Affect the Post-uruguay Round World written by Carlos Alberto Primo Braga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fears about how the further spread of free trade areas will affect world trade volumes may be exaggerated - while the dangers of these blocs becoming hostile to each other may have been underestimated. "Managed" trade is far more likely outcome.
Book Synopsis The Trading System After the Uruguay Round by : John Whalley
Download or read book The Trading System After the Uruguay Round written by John Whalley and published by Washington, DC : Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 1996 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are growing pressures to reform the international trading system beyond whatever is accomplished in the Uruguay Round. This study assesses the present GATT system and concludes that the need for further reform is far-reaching. Whalley finds that the principles underlying the current system - nondiscrimination and multilateralism - will not adequately serve in the future to reduce trade barriers and promote the benefits of trade. The study outlines new approaches to reduce the level of protection and harness new regional trading arrangements to improve global economic performance.
Book Synopsis Did External Barriers Cause the Marginalization of Sub-Saharan Africa in World Trade? by : Azita Amjadi
Download or read book Did External Barriers Cause the Marginalization of Sub-Saharan Africa in World Trade? written by Azita Amjadi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Management Programme Paper No. 20. Reviews the specific actions that municipalities and city governments may take in contributing to urban poverty reduction. The paper highlights example of issues, options, and constraints that urban governments must address in fighting poverty. It focuses on municipalities and other city-level government entities as a critical institutional level of intervention. Other language editions available: French--Stock No. 13814 (ISBN 0-8213-3814-5); English--Stock No. 13716 (ISBN 0-8213-3716-5).
Book Synopsis What are OECD Trade Preferences Worth to Sub-Saharan Africa? by : Alexander J. Yeats
Download or read book What are OECD Trade Preferences Worth to Sub-Saharan Africa? written by Alexander J. Yeats and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed Uruguay Round reductions in most- favored- nation tariffs will cause some African exports to be displaced by other suppliers. Aggressive reform of the African countries' own trade regimes appears to be the most effective way to counter the effects of the erosion of OECD preferences.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development by : Carlos Alberto Primo Braga
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development written by Carlos Alberto Primo Braga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of history, different legal instruments for protecting intellectual property have emerged. These instruments differ in their subject matter, extent of protection, and field of application, reflecting society's objective to balance the interests of creators and consumers for different types of intellectual works. These legal instruments are just one of the pieces that form a national system of intellectual property protection. Also crucial to the system's overall effectiveness are the institutions administering these instruments, the mechanisms available for enforcing IPRs, and the rules regarding the treatment of non-nationals. To address some of the issues concerning IPRs, this paper defines what they are and attempts to evaluate the relationship between the protection of intellectual property and economic activity in developing countries. It also summarizes the economic effects of IPRs in terms of creation and diffusion of knowledge and information; and market structure and prices. Furthermore, it discusses the reformation of IPRs regimes and makes recommendations for their administration and enforcement. This paper consolidates some of the research from the 'World Development Report 1998/1999: Knowledge for Development' and some contributions made at an Internet-moderated conference conducted by the Bank's TechNet program. It will be of interest to governments, investors, and international organizations.
Book Synopsis A Chinese Perspective on WTO Reform by : Lei Zhang
Download or read book A Chinese Perspective on WTO Reform written by Lei Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the most recent developments in the WTO regime. Issues such as E-commerce, security exception clause, China's compliance with the WTO obligations, sustainability development, IP protection in FTZs, trade controls and etc., are at the forefront of WTO studies. These issues strongly influence people's understanding of the current role of WTO and provides possible way to revitalize the function of WTO. Meanwhile, as the world's second largest economy, the world's largest trading nation and the holder of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, China is apparently a powerful figure in leading these issues. Therefore, this book explores extensively these issues from a Chinese perspective to see what China could do to reboost the world trade.
Book Synopsis How Changes in the Former CMEA Area May Affect International Trade in Manufactures by : Refik Erzan
Download or read book How Changes in the Former CMEA Area May Affect International Trade in Manufactures written by Refik Erzan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western Europe will be the major trading partner of the Eastern European and former Soviet economies, but their trade with Japan, North America, and developing countries will also expand. Eastern Europe's greater access to Western markets may conflict with the export interests of other developing countries.
Book Synopsis Hungary's Integration Into European Union Markets by : Bart?omiej Kami?ski
Download or read book Hungary's Integration Into European Union Markets written by Bart?omiej Kami?ski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: June 1999 - Can Hungarian firms cope with competitive pressures and market forces within the European Union market (a criterion for joining)? The empirical evidence suggests that Hungary can withstand such competitive pressures without suppressing the real incomes of Hungary's citizens. Hungary has achieved impressive results in reorienting both its production and trade. Between 1989 and 1992, as the former CMEA markets collapsed and Hungary liberalized imports and the exchange rate regime, exports to the European Union (EU) expanded, with manufactured exports redirected largely to Western (mostly EU) markets. During this first phase of expansion, characterized by a dramatic reorientation and explosion of trade, the value of Hungary's exports increased 84 percent. In 1993 export expansion lost steam and EU-oriented exports fell 12 percent. In a second phase of expansion (in 1994-97), driven by restructured and rapidly changing export offers, exports again registered strong performance, their value increasing 132 percent. There was a dramatic shift from an export basket dominated by resource-intensive, low-value-added products to one driven by manufactures, with a rapidly accelerating growth of engineering products. Machinery and transport equipment rose from 12 percent of exports to the EU in 1989 to more than 50 percent in 1997. The shift from natural resource and unskilled-labor-intensive products to technology- and capital-intensive products in EU-oriented exports suggests the potential for integration higher in the value-added spectrum. More stringent EU environmental regulations will affect a relatively low, and falling, share of Hungary's exports. The Hungarian share of environmentally dirty products imported by the EU has increased, but these products have not been trendsetters among Hungarian exports, their share in exports falling from 26 percent in 1989 to 16 percent in 1996. The rapid pace of Hungary's turnaround seems to reflect the emergence of second-generation firms, mostly foreign-owned. Foreign-owned firms tend to be more export-oriented. Hungary has been one of the more successful transition economies because its economy was receptive to foreign direct investment from the outset. Between 1990 and 1997, Hungary absorbed roughly half of all foreign capital invested in Central Europe. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study regional integration. The author may be contacted at bkaminski@@worldbank.org.
Book Synopsis Nafta's Implicaions for East Asian Exports by :
Download or read book Nafta's Implicaions for East Asian Exports written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Knowledge for Development written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Development Report 1998-1999, now in its twenty-first edition, focuses on the role of knowledge and information as a factor of development, including the important trade-offs in strategies and policies and many other challenges. It examines such important questions as why have some developing countries been able to exploit the rapidly increasing stock of global knowledge more than others and what can be done to help those falling behind? The Report also looks at the challenge of finding the balance between private initiative and public intervention that encourages innovation and manages attendant risks. It deals with the role of international assistance and international organizations, which can help develop understanding about these complex processes, help to transfer lessons of development experience across countries, and help finance crucial knowledge investments of importance to developing countries. Known as the standard reference for international economic data, the World Development Report 1998-1999 provides a set of Selected World Development Indicators as an appendix, presenting social and economic statistics for more than 200 countries.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and Development by : Keith E. Maskus
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Development written by Keith E. Maskus and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International policies toward protecting intellectual property rights have seen profound changes over the past two decades. Rules on how to protect patents, copyright, trademarks and other forms of intellectual property have become a standard component of international trade agreements. Most significantly, during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986-94), members of what is today the World Trade Organization (WTO) concluded the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which sets out minimum standards of protection that most of the world's economies have to respect. How will developing countries fare in this new international environment? Intellectual Property and Development brings together empirical research that assesses the effects of changing intellectual property regimes on various measures of economic and social performance - ranging from international trade, foreign investment and competition, to innovation and access to new technologies. The studies presented point to an important development dimension to the protection of intellectual property. But a one-size fits all approach to intellectual property is unlikely to work. There is need to adjust intellectual property norms to domestic needs, taking into account developing countries' capacity to innovate, technological needs, and institutional capabilities. In addition, governments need to consider a range of complementary policies to maximize the benefits and reduce the costs of reformed intellectual property regulations. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international law, particularly in the area of intellectual property rights, international trade, and public policy.
Book Synopsis Income Security for Old Age by : Estelle James
Download or read book Income Security for Old Age written by Estelle James and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A system for old-age security should probably combine different approaches: mandated savings and annuities; a redistribution of income to old people who did not earn enough when they were young to build an adequate cushion of savings; fiscal incentives for nonmandatory savings and annuities (including tax incentives for job-based pension plans); and an informal system of purely voluntary personal savings and family arrangements.
Book Synopsis Legal Reform for Hungary's Private Sector by : Cheryl Williamson Gray
Download or read book Legal Reform for Hungary's Private Sector written by Cheryl Williamson Gray and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Growth and the Environment by : Dennis Anderson
Download or read book Economic Growth and the Environment written by Dennis Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Techniques for Improving Client Relations in Family Planning Programs by : George B. Simmons
Download or read book Techniques for Improving Client Relations in Family Planning Programs written by George B. Simmons and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four techniques for improving client relations that should be part of systemic change - not applied like bandaids - to make family planning services more effective.
Book Synopsis Economic Valuation and the Natural World by : David William Pearce
Download or read book Economic Valuation and the Natural World written by David William Pearce and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic valuation can help improve decisions about protecting the environment . By inputing values to unpriced goods, it can make public choices more cost-efficient and thus allow limited public income to be optimally spent.
Book Synopsis After Socialism and Dirigisme by : Andrés Solimano
Download or read book After Socialism and Dirigisme written by Andrés Solimano and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
