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How Far If At All Do The Media And Public Opinion Influence Us Foreign And Defence Policy
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Book Synopsis How far, if at all, do the media and public opinion influence US foreign and defence policy? by : Carina Siegmund
Download or read book How far, if at all, do the media and public opinion influence US foreign and defence policy? written by Carina Siegmund and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: First/ 80%, University of Reading (United Kingdom - International Relations), course: US Foreign and Defence Policy, language: English, abstract: In the United States of America the media is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution: “Congress shall make no law [...] abridging the freedom of speech or of the press.” The media are institutions whose primary concern it is to produce and distribute all forms of knowledge, information and entertainment and encompass print media, television, radio and the internet. For the purposes of this paper, the focus shall be on television, as “television is undoubtedly the pre-eminent form of the media in the United States” and it is the medium of choice for Americans looking for information. In a democracy such as the United States of America, the media ought to report impartially and in a way to inform and engage the public. Public opinion is understood as a collective view of a given issue. Foreign policy shall be defined as the goals a state wants to attain abroad, the values that determine to those objectives, and the means or instruments used to pursue them.
Book Synopsis How Far, If at All, Do the Media and Public Opinion Influence US Foreign and Defence Policy? by : Carina Siegmund
Download or read book How Far, If at All, Do the Media and Public Opinion Influence US Foreign and Defence Policy? written by Carina Siegmund and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-12 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: First/ 80%, University of Reading (United Kingdom - International Relations), course: US Foreign and Defence Policy, 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In the United States of America the media is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution: "Congress shall make no law ...] abridging the freedom of speech or of the press." The media are institutions whose primary concern it is to produce and distribute all forms of knowledge, information and entertainment and encompass print media, television, radio and the internet. For the purposes of this paper, the focus shall be on television, as "television is undoubtedly the pre-eminent form of the media in the United States" and it is the medium of choice for Americans looking for information. In a democracy such as the United States of America, the media ought to report impartially and in a way to inform and engage the public. Public opinion is understood as a collective view of a given issue. Foreign policy shall be defined as the goals a state wants to attain abroad, the values that determine to those objectives, and the means or instruments used to pursue them.
Book Synopsis Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy by : Ole R. Holsti
Download or read book Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy written by Ole R. Holsti and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the role of public opinion in the conduct of foreign relations.
Book Synopsis The Impact of the Media on National Security Policy Decision Making by : Douglas V. Johnson II
Download or read book The Impact of the Media on National Security Policy Decision Making written by Douglas V. Johnson II and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author considers history and current research on the media, public opinion, and communications technology to provide both a view of the present and some suggestions for the future. He examines current claims that CNN-like mass appeal television broadcasting can dictate the march to war, and provides counter evidence that calls the direct connection of the media and policy decision making into question. The author seeks to identify the roles of the principal players and considers the effect of the growing capabilities of the public to be led by the media in national security policy issues. He raises additional questions that suggest considerable further research is required into this very important relationship. Media, First Amendment, National security, Public opinion, Media-public opinion interaction, Information age.
Book Synopsis Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs by : Thomas Knecht
Download or read book Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs written by Thomas Knecht and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do American presidents consider public opinion when making foreign policy decisions? In a democracy, it is generally assumed that citizen preferences inform public policy. For a variety of reasons, however, foreign policy has always posed a difficult challenge for democratic governance. In Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs, Thomas Knecht offers new insights into the relationship between public opinion and U.S. foreign policy. He does so by shifting our focus away from the opinions that Americans hold and toward the issues that grab the public’s attention. Policy making under the glare of public scrutiny differs from policy making when no one is looking. As public interest in foreign policy increases, the political stakes also rise. A highly attentive public can then force presidents to choose foreign policies that are less politically risky but usually less effective. By tracking the ebb and flow of public attention to foreign policy, this book offers a method of predicting when presidents are likely to lead, follow, or simply ignore the American public.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam by : Richard Sobel
Download or read book The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam written by Richard Sobel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the role that public attitudes have played over the last generation in the making of United States foreign policy. It focuses on four prominent foreign interventions: the Vietnam War, the Nicaraguan Contra funding controversy, the Persian Gulf War, and the Bosnia crisis.
Book Synopsis Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy by : Melanie W. Sisson
Download or read book Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy written by Melanie W. Sisson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the use of military force as a coercive tool by the United States, using lessons drawn from the post-Cold War era (1991–2018). The volume reveals that despite its status as sole superpower during the post-Cold War period, US efforts to coerce other states failed as often as they succeeded. In the coming decades, the United States will face states that are more capable and creative, willing to challenge its interests and able to take advantage of missteps and vulnerabilities. By using lessons derived from in-depth case studies and statistical analysis of an original dataset of more than 100 coercive incidents in the post-Cold War era, this book generates insight into how the US military can be used to achieve policy goals. Specifically, it provides guidance about the ways in which, and the conditions under which, the US armed forces can work in concert with economic and diplomatic elements of US power to create effective coercive strategies. This book will be of interest to students of US national security, US foreign policy, strategic studies and International Relations in general.
Book Synopsis The Impact of the Media on National Security Policy Decision Making by : Douglas V. Johnson II
Download or read book The Impact of the Media on National Security Policy Decision Making written by Douglas V. Johnson II and published by . This book was released on 1994-10-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was undertaken to produce a strategic level study which would lay the foundation for deeper examination of specific issues relating to the impact of the media on national security policy decision making. It is not intended to provide answers, although some emerge. The opening quotation from one of America's most notorious news figures will stimulate argument, for it is equally preposterous and accurate; suggests abuse of the First Amendment protection of free speech, yet lies within the heart and soul of republican government. Insofar as Hearst claims for the media the power to make war, it impinges upon national security. Some areas of suggested research will require the passage of several years as American society and its political processes adapt to the exploding potential of the Information Age; the study asks if the growth of communications technology could inaugurate the advent of true democracy. This study employs a relatively narrow definition of national security issues as only those which are concerned with national survival and preservation of our way of life. The problem with a broader definition is that national prestige or image often become confused with national interests. Such a definition is too inclusive to be useful. The media affects us as individuals and as a collective body. The collective body expresses itself as "public opinion" and has been extensively studied and measured. The effects on individuals are not as easy to determine without extensive research, which has not been undertaken. The measurability and control of media influence is highly situational. The most prominent examiner of the media public opinion interaction, Professor Benjamin I. Page, concludes that much more study is required to understand fully this interaction; likewise, the conclusions herein are couched in tentative terms.2 The issue of influence on the National Command Authorities (NCA) concerning questions of national security may be addressed in part by recourse to the process of American government. In this process, the media "informs" the people who then "speak" to their elected representatives in a wide variety of ways including letters, telephone calls, FAXes, and political action groups. The Congress then "speaks" to the president, who in turn may speak to the people through the media. In matters of foreign affairs, media, people, and the Congress expect the president to lead. If the administration is unsure of its own goals or if it finds it is at odds with the mood of the people, it will be like the "double minded" man who is "like a wave of the sea, driven with the wind and tossed," in this case by the winds of the news.
Book Synopsis The Impact of the Media on National Security Policy Decision Making by : Douglas V. Johnson II
Download or read book The Impact of the Media on National Security Policy Decision Making written by Douglas V. Johnson II and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-27 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are only a few certainties about the news. The first is that there is likely to be more of it available to more of us. Another certainty is that major news media are still going to be driven by the profit motive; consequently, whatever sells they will purvey. Since its inception as a mass phenomenon, what sells is spectacular, titillating, eye catching, or sensational; truth, accuracy or context can become secondary.6 Considering the impact of the Information Age, Americans may be facing a new phenomenon in the news arena? interactive news tailored to individual interest. This may allow the truly interested "reader/viewer" the opportunity to get beyond headlines and into the "facts" at a depth and breadth hitherto unknown. Of course we must realize that while this opportunity will be generally available, participation is unlikely to be much above current levels of "active" public interest. The cold fact is that reading and thinking about the news takes time and that is what most people are unwilling to give up for something that may not affect them directly.7 Interactive news is also likely to generate more discrete interest levels or focus. Currently, several major newspapers are shifting their overseas coverage to directly accommodate their readership. Marketing areas heavy with Hispanic readers are closing European offices in favor of South and Central American locations.8 Another aspect of the Information Age that could have an impact on policy is the possibility of enhanced public responsiveness to events. As the FAX and E-mail become increasingly available, the power of public opinion may be enhanced. "On Air," real-time polling is already in place on major television networks. These two avenues of public expression may well serve two different groups of citizens. The first group is the computer-literate, foreign policy aware. The second group is synonymous with the television viewing public, not necessarily synonymous with those informed of and active in foreign affairs.Those people with access to FAX and E-mail are increasing dramatically, but their identity and involvement in public affairs is yet to be defined. It is already possible and acceptable to FAX or E-mail one's opinion to the White House directly, but who are the people who do? What impact a surge of FAX traffic will have is probably going to be governed by the same factors that govern the impact of public opinion now. If an election is imminent, public reactions will likely be voiced more frequently and are likely to be followed more closely; if the domestic situation is threatening, likewise. If a genuine national security interest is threatened, president and public are likely to draw together if the White House leads; if the administration is weak or unpopular, the impact of a flood of public expression may have unforeseen consequences.
Book Synopsis Australian Public Opinion, Defence and Foreign Policy by : Danielle Chubb
Download or read book Australian Public Opinion, Defence and Foreign Policy written by Danielle Chubb and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the impact of Australian public opinion towards defence and foreign policy from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. For most of this period, the public showed little interest in defence and security policy and possessed limited knowledge about the strategic options available. The principal post-war exception to this pattern is, of course, the Vietnam War, when political divisions over Australia’s support for the U.S.-led action eventually resulted in the withdrawal of troops in 1972. The period since 2001 has seen a fundamental change both in the public’s views of defence and foreign affairs, and in how these issues are debated by political elites. This has come about as a result of major changes in the strategic environment such as a heightened public awareness of terrorism, party political divisions over Australia’s military commitment to the 2003-11 Iraq War and the increasing overlap of economic and trade considerations with defence and foreign policies, which has increased the public’s interest in these issues. Combining the expertise of one of Australia's foremost scholars of public opinion with that of an expert of international relations, particularly as pertains to Australia in Asia, this book will be a critical read for those wishing to understand Australia's alliance with the U.S., interactions with Asia and China, and the distinctive challenges posed to Australia by its geographic position.
Download or read book Foreign Policy written by Steve Smith and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Policy is unique in that it combines theories, actors and cases in one volume. This approach encourages the reader to appreciate a balanced view of the theory, and how foreign policy is carried out in the real world.
Book Synopsis Reporting from the Front by : Judith L. Sylvester
Download or read book Reporting from the Front written by Judith L. Sylvester and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2005 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During what some have called the 'most televised war in history, ' did journalistic objectivity fall by the wayside? Were the experiences of embedded journalists in Iraq markedly different from reporters who went on their own? Reporting from the Front is a provocative look at media and the Iraq War-spanning issues from basic reporting and coverage to ethical dilemmas, personal safety, and training with the military. Featuring interviews with journalists such as Anne Garrels and Ivan Watson of NPR and Bob Schieffer and Byron Pitts of CBS, among others, Reporting from the Front offers personal insights from a wide range of correspondents, producers, editors, photojournalists, media managers, and military and defense officials about reporting on Iraq as well as on previous wars and other conflicts
Book Synopsis National Security Entrepreneurs and the Making of American Foreign Policy by : Vincent Boucher
Download or read book National Security Entrepreneurs and the Making of American Foreign Policy written by Vincent Boucher and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the advent of the contemporary US national security apparatus in 1947, entrepreneurial public officials have tried to reorient the course of the nation's foreign policy. Acting inside the National Security Council system, some principals and high-ranking officials have worked tirelessly to generate policy change and innovation on the issues they care about. These entrepreneurs attempt to set the foreign policy agenda, frame policy problems and solutions, and orient the decision-making process to convince the president and other decision makers to choose the course they advocate. In National Security Entrepreneurs and the Making of American Foreign Policy Vincent Boucher, Charles-Philippe David, and Karine Prémont develop a new concept to study entrepreneurial behaviour among foreign policy advisers and offer the first comprehensive framework of analysis to answer this crucial question: why do some entrepreneurs succeed in guaranteeing the adoption of novel policies while others fail? They explore case studies of attempts to reorient US foreign policy waged by National Security Council entrepreneurs, examining the key factors enabling success and the main forces preventing the adoption of a preferred option: the entrepreneur's profile, presidential leadership, major players involved in the policy formulation and decision-making processes, the national political context, and the presence or absence of significant opportunities. By carefully analyzing significant diplomatic and military decisions of the Johnson, Nixon, Reagan, and Clinton administrations, and offering a preliminary account of contemporary national security entrepreneurship under presidents George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, this book makes the case for an agent-based explanation of foreign policy change and continuity.
Download or read book US Foreign Policy written by Michael Cox and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical and connected: brings together diverse political perspectives from the world's leading experts, giving students the tools to critically evaluate America's ever-changing role in international politics and to connect theory to real events.
Book Synopsis Keeping the Republic by : Christine Barbour
Download or read book Keeping the Republic written by Christine Barbour and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keeping the Republic gives students the power to examine the narrative of what′s going on in American politics, distinguish fact from fiction and balance from bias, and influence the message through informed citizenship. Keeping the Republic draws students into the study of American politics, showing them how to think critically about "who gets what, and how" while exploring the twin themes of power and citizenship. The thoroughly updated Tenth Edition considers the influences of today’s technology and social media on politics and civic engagement. With the communication of ideas and information easier than ever, it’s increasingly challenging to filter through all the voices and biases to assess the facts and find balance. Throughout the text and its features, authors Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright show students how to effectively apply the critical thinking skills they develop to the political information they encounter every day. Students are challenged to deconstruct prevailing political narratives and effectively harness the political power of the information age for themselves. New content analyzes not only the 2020 election results and Supreme Court rulings, but also examines the activism of the Black Lives Matter movement, political outsiders in campaigns and party nominations, the federal government′s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the presidency of Donald Trump. With students living through one of the most challenging periods in American life, Keeping the Republic, Tenth Edition, is there to be a much-needed resource to help them make sense of politics in America today and become savvy consumers of political information. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. Contact your SAGE representative to request a demo. Digital Option / Courseware SAGE Vantage is an intuitive digital platform that delivers this text’s content and course materials in a learning experience that offers auto-graded assignments and interactive multimedia tools, all carefully designed to ignite student engagement and drive critical thinking. Built with you and your students in mind, it offers simple course set-up and enables students to better prepare for class. Learn more. Assignable Video with Assessment Assignable video (available with SAGE Vantage) is tied to learning objectives and curated exclusively for this text to bring concepts to life. Watch a sample video now. LMS Cartridge: Import this title’s instructor resources into your school’s learning management system (LMS) and save time. Don’t use an LMS? You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site. Learn more. CQ Press Lecture Spark: Designed to save you time and ignite student engagement, these free weekly lecture launchers focus on current event topics tied to key concepts in American Government. Access this week’s topic.
Book Synopsis Lessons from Russia by : Lee Marsden
Download or read book Lessons from Russia written by Lee Marsden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lee Marsden presents one of the most original and comprehensive analyses of US democracy promotion in Russia and argues that in order to understand the failings of democracy assistance in Russia, it is necessary to understand the inter-relation of macro- and micro-level policy. The book introduces two new models of foreign policy analysis which increase understanding of both the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the promotion of democracy in Russia was substantially flawed due to implementation and the US foreign policy process.
Book Synopsis Rethinking Japanese Public Opinion and Security by : Paul Midford
Download or read book Rethinking Japanese Public Opinion and Security written by Paul Midford and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-24 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rethinking Japanese Public Opinion and Security argues that Japanese public opinion matters and has acted to prevent overseas military deployments involving combat while increasingly supportive of a more normal military establishment capable of autonomously defending Japanese territory.
