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How Assumptions About Consumers Influence Estimates Of Electric Vehicle Miles Traveled Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
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Book Synopsis How Assumptions about Consumers Influence Estimates of Electric Vehicle Miles Traveled of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Jamie Davies
Download or read book How Assumptions about Consumers Influence Estimates of Electric Vehicle Miles Traveled of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Jamie Davies and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumer Response to Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Kenneth S. Kurani
Download or read book Consumer Response to Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Kenneth S. Kurani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Observed Travel and Charging Behavior, Simulated Workplace Charging Infrastructure, and Vehicle Design on PHEV Utility Factors (UF), Total Charge Depleting (CD) Driving and Time of Day (TOD) Grid Demand by : Jamie Davies-Shawhyde
Download or read book Impact of Observed Travel and Charging Behavior, Simulated Workplace Charging Infrastructure, and Vehicle Design on PHEV Utility Factors (UF), Total Charge Depleting (CD) Driving and Time of Day (TOD) Grid Demand written by Jamie Davies-Shawhyde and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can run on gasoline or grid electricity and have been widely touted as promising more future societal and environmental benefits than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, since the charging of PHEVs will place new loads on the electrical grid, how much and the time of day (TOD) at which users plug in their vehicles will have implications for electricity providers who must meet the additional electrical load required to charge a fleet of PHEVs. PHEV charging could place new burdens on existing electrical infrastructure (substations and transformers) and generating capacity. Information about consumers' charging behavior can help utilities and interested parties better plan for PHEVS in the marketplace. To date, analysts have made assumptions as to the design of PHEVs that will be purchased, and the travel and charging behavior of the future users. Furthermore, since PHEVs can run in charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) modes there is uncertainty as to how much travel will be completed in each mode due to the variety of possible vehicle designs, access to charging infrastructure, and travel and charging behavior of PHEV users. Accounting for the amount of travel in each mode is crucial in order to accurately assess the fuel economy (FE) benefits, green house gas (GHG) emissions and costs of PHEVs. In 2001, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) promulgated standard J2841 defining the utility factor (UF) as the percentage of travel that can be completed in CD mode for a PHEV fleet with a given CD range. As such, the SAE standard J2841 has a substantial influence on policies regarding PHEVs and their assumed benefits and costs, and has been used by analysts, industry, and policy makers to calculate PHEV corporate average fuel economy (CAFE), GHG emissions, operating costs and Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) credits. My analysis challenges J2841 by calculating the observed UF for a fleet of PHEVs driven by 25 Plausible Early Market (PEM) PHEV buyers in a demonstration and market research project. To estimate the potential effects on the UF of additional recharging infrastructure, I model a workplace charging scenario in which each of the 25 households recharges the PHEV at their workplace as well as at home. Lastly, hypothetical consumer designed PHEVs, solicited from each PEM household, are used to create and compare future market scenarios in which consumers are offered a wide variety of makes and body styles of PHEVs--thus simulating a plausible future market in which a variety of PHEVs are offered for sale. The results suggest that promoting "short range" PHEVs and focusing on popular vehicle-types, rather than upon achieving high CD ranges, could lead to greater total benefits from PHEVs in the early market, through more widespread adoption of PHEVs. Compared to SAE J2841, the observed UFs from the PEM demonstration data are 10 percentage points higher for PHEVs of up to 40 miles of CD range. At 40 miles CD range, J2841 stipulates a UF of 62%; I calculate a UF of 72% from the observed data. The increase in CD driving from adding simulated workplace charging varies by vehicle range, with the largest percentage point increases in CD driving occurring below 20 miles. Workplace charging changes the TOD distribution of power needed to charge a fleet of vehicles, producing a new maximum at 9:30am. The addition of workplace charging under the conditions modeled here does not change the evening peak power demand.
Book Synopsis Incorporating Greenhouse Gas Emissions into the Collaborative Decision-Making Process by : PB Americas, Inc
Download or read book Incorporating Greenhouse Gas Emissions into the Collaborative Decision-Making Process written by PB Americas, Inc and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " TRB's second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C09-RR-1: Incorporating Greenhouse Gas Emissions into the Collaborative Decision-Making Framework identifies where and how greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption fit into a conceptual decision-making framework, including key decision points.The report presents background information on the role of GHG emissions in the transportation sector, factors influencing the future of emissions, GHG emissions reduction strategies, as well as information on cost effectiveness and feasibility of these reduction strategies. It also presents case studies to illustrate different scales and institutional contexts for GHG analyses. " -- publisher's description
Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Book Synopsis Interpersonal Influence Within Car Buyers' Social Networks: Observing Consumer Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and the Spread of Pro-societal Values by :
Download or read book Interpersonal Influence Within Car Buyers' Social Networks: Observing Consumer Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and the Spread of Pro-societal Values written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpersonal influence within car buyers' social networks: Observing consumer assessment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and the spread of pro-societal values.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles' Utility Factors Using GPS-based Longitudinal Travel Data by :
Download or read book Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles' Utility Factors Using GPS-based Longitudinal Travel Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The benefit of using a PHEV comes from its ability to substitute gasoline with electricity in operation. Defined as the proportion of distance traveled in the electric mode, the utility factor (UF) depends mostly on the battery capacity, but also on many other factors, such as travel pattern and recharging pattern. Conventionally, the UFs are calculated based on the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) by assuming motorists leave home in the morning with a full battery, and no charge occurs before returning home in the evening. Such an assumption, however, ignores the impact of the heterogeneity in both travel and charging behavior, such as going back home more than once in a day, the impact of available charging time, and the price of gasoline. In addition, the conventional UFs are based on the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, which are one-day travel data of each sample vehicle. A motorist's daily distance variation is ignored. This paper employs the GPS-based longitudinal travel data (covering 3-18 months) collected from 403 vehicles in the Seattle metropolitan area to investigate how such travel and charging behavior affects UFs. To do this, for each vehicle, we organized trips to a series of home and work related tours. The UFs based on the DVMT are found close to those based on home-to-home tours. However, it is seen that the workplace charge opportunities significantly increase UFs if the CD range is no more than 40 miles.
Book Synopsis Who’s Driving Electric Cars by : Marcello Contestabile
Download or read book Who’s Driving Electric Cars written by Marcello Contestabile and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive yet accessible snapshot of the latest consumer research on the adoption and use of electric vehicles. It discusses the importance of developing a better understanding of consumer behavior in relation to electric vehicles, and the advantages that can be gained from the growing number of electric vehicle users, who can now be studied directly. In turn, it systematically analyzes the leading markets for electric vehicles in North America, Europe and Asia. Bringing together the experience and expertise of authoritative researchers and practicing professionals, the book shares a wide range of empirical data obtained at the national level and summarizes the general lessons learned. The last part of the book discusses policy-relevant insights, forecasts the future evolution of the field in terms of methods and data availability, and addresses several key questions that policymakers and other stakeholders are currently facing.
Book Synopsis Consumer Dilemma to Purchase Hybrid Car by : Kooi Chung Leng
Download or read book Consumer Dilemma to Purchase Hybrid Car written by Kooi Chung Leng and published by Partridge Publishing Singapore. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As industrialisation continues to evolve, exacerbating environmental problems such as global warming and climate change have raised the concern across the globe. Road transport is primarily the most notable source of pollution in the world. With the sophistication in environmental technology, a variety of environmentally friendly products have been introduced in the market and hybrid vehicle is highly recommended. However, in Malaysia automotive market demand for hybrid vehicle is still considered very low compared to non-hybrid vehicles and thus to conduct a study on consumer’s adoption toward hybrid car is timely. The study investigated the relationships between marketing mix (4Ps), environmental concern, governmental incentive and purchase intention of hybrid car in Malaysia. A total of 372 valid samples were collected using convenience sampling technique. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by using Smart-PLS was employed to investigate the significance of individual path correlations, measurement model, and overall fit of structural model. The results of the study revealed that marketing mix (4Ps), governmental incentive, attitude, subject norm and perceived behavioural control showed a significant and positive relationship with hybrid car purchase intention. In addition environmental concern exhibits the moderation effect among those relationships.
Book Synopsis Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Book Synopsis Utility Factor Definitions for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using 2001 U.S. DOT National Household Travel Survey Data by : Hybrid - EV Committee
Download or read book Utility Factor Definitions for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using 2001 U.S. DOT National Household Travel Survey Data written by Hybrid - EV Committee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The total fuel and energy consumption rates of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) vary depending upon the distance driven. For PHEVs, the assumption is that operation starts in battery charge-depleting mode and eventually changes to battery charge-sustaining mode. Total distance between charge events determines how much of the driving is performed in each of the two fundamental modes. An equation describing the portion of driving in each mode is defined. Driving statistics from the National Highway Transportation Survey are used as inputs to the equation to provide an aggregate "Utility Factor" (UF) applied to the charge-depleting mode results.Various stakeholders are currently developing their own standards for testing PHEVs. The method of weighting the results using a UF is accepted by many of the stakeholders. However, the stakeholders need a standard document to reference in their procedures. These curves must be from a common standard generated from a standardized calculation method. SAE J1711 will reference this document and as new and/or better data become available, this Information Report may be updated without changing the SAE J1711 or other stakeholder procedures.
Book Synopsis Simulated Fuel Economy and Performance of Advanced Hybrid Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using In-Use Travel Profiles by :
Download or read book Simulated Fuel Economy and Performance of Advanced Hybrid Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using In-Use Travel Profiles written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As vehicle powertrain efficiency increases through electrification, consumer travel and driving behavior have significantly more influence on the potential fuel consumption of these vehicles. Therefore, it is critical to have a good understanding of in-use or 'real world' driving behavior if accurate fuel consumption estimates of electric drive vehicles are to be achieved. Regional travel surveys using Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment have been found to provide an excellent source of in-use driving profiles. In this study, a variety of vehicle powertrain options were developed and their performance was simulated over GPS-derived driving profiles for 783 vehicles operating in Texas. The results include statistical comparisons of the driving profiles versus national data sets, driving performance characteristics compared with standard drive cycles, and expected petroleum displacement benefits from the electrified vehicles given various vehicle charging scenarios.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Electric Cars on Oil Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Key Markets by : Gómez Vilchez, Jonatan J.
Download or read book The Impact of Electric Cars on Oil Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Key Markets written by Gómez Vilchez, Jonatan J. and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Why Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Are The Best Type Of Vehicles, Why Natural Gas Vehicles Do Not Warrant The Cost, Why Electric Cars Do Not Warrant The Cost, And The Ample Problems With Buying An Electric Vehicle by : Dr Harrison Sachs
Download or read book Why Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Are The Best Type Of Vehicles, Why Natural Gas Vehicles Do Not Warrant The Cost, Why Electric Cars Do Not Warrant The Cost, And The Ample Problems With Buying An Electric Vehicle written by Dr Harrison Sachs and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay sheds light on why plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are the best type of vehicles and elucidates why natural gas vehicles do not warrant the cost. Moreover, why electric cars do not warrant the cost is delineated and the ample problems with buying an electric vehicle are explicated in this essay. Furthermore, the criteria for how to determine if buying a car is worth the investment is demystified and how to earn substantial money online so that you can afford to finance your plug-in hybrid electric vehicle purchase is expounded upon in this essay. While it may seem far fetched, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are the utmost best type of vehicles available for sale on the car market in the digital era. Succinctly stated, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are the utmost best type of vehicles since they can operate off electric power or gasoline, unlike other types of vehicles. "The reason that hybrid vehicles are more efficient than conventional gasoline-only vehicles is because they have the ability to 'reclaim' energy that was once wasted, for example, the energy used when braking" ("Plug In Hybrid," 2012). Regenerative braking for instance allows plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to partially recharge their battery pack. Regenerative braking can be exhibited enroute and helps prolong the vehicle's driving duration before the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle becomes rendered inoperable. In stark contrast to a typical hybrid vehicle, the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has the highly pragmatic ability to be recharged "by connecting it to a wall outlet in your home or elsewhere" ("Plug In Hybrid," 2012). More customers are beginning to take heed of the possibility of procuring a plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. It is far more affordable it is to operate a car off of wattage as opposed to gasoline. Customers can even convert their existing hybrid vehicles into plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This process involves going to an auto body shop so that vehicular modifications can allow their hybrid vehicle to be able to recharged when connected into "a wall outlet in your home or elsewhere" ("Plug In Hybrid," 2012). In order for a hybrid vehicle to become a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an auto mechanic will need to "add extra batteries into the vehicle in order to improve the hybrid's electrical holding capacity and will also need to add a 'jack' "("Plug In Hybrid," 2012) so that it can connect "to the power grid" ("Plug In Hybrid," 2012). Even though converting a hybrid vehicle into a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle can be very costly, it is an expenditure worth paying if you profusely utilize your vehicle. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles offer a host of benefits to vehicle owners. "The extra battery capacity of the plug-in hybrid is the key to reaping the benefits of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle configuration. On a conventional hybrid car, that kind of extra capacity is out of reach since the hybrid vehicle never fully charges except on long freeway trips. By adding the plug in jack with the extra battery, the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has the ability to use its extra capacity by running on all-electric mode for an extended range of 30 miles or more. That means that instead of depleting expense gasoline, the car uses electrical energy which is much cheaper. Since most trips are less than 30 miles, that means the vehicle can operate in-town without ever using a drop of gasoline" ("Plug In Hybrid," 2012). Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles discharge minimal tailpipe emissions relative to conventional gasoline powered vehicles. This means that they help reduce mankind's carbon footprint and decelerate the rate of climate change due to a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. Furthermore, by owning a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle you are less dependent on needing gasoline to fuel your vehicle than most vehicle owners. Fortunately, a plug-in hybrid vehicles can operate off of electricity.
Book Synopsis Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use by : Susanne Hartard
Download or read book Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use written by Susanne Hartard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-29 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reflects on the causes of resource-based conflicts and competition, and presents solutions for safely and sustainably providing resources with a focus on material flow management. The contributions from different disciplines highlight issues such as safe access to resources, conflicts over water and energy supplies, waste of strategic mineral resources, sustainable resource consumption, and renewable energy technologies.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Book Synopsis Electric Vehicles, Tax Incentives and Emissions: Evidence from Norway by : Youssouf Camara
Download or read book Electric Vehicles, Tax Incentives and Emissions: Evidence from Norway written by Youssouf Camara and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper empirically estimates the effects of electric vehicles (EVs) on passenger car emissions to inform the design of policies that encourage EV purchases in Norway. We use exceptionally rich data on the universe of cars and households from Norway, which has a very high share of EVs, thanks to generous tax incentives and other policies. Our estimates suggest that household-level emission savings from the purchase of additional EVs are limited, resulting in high implicit abatement costs of Norway’s tax incentives relative to emission savings. However, the estimated emission savings are much larger if EVs replace the dirtiest cars. Norway’s experience may also help inform similar policies in other countries as they ramp up their own national climate mitigation strategies.
