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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book History of the Plutonium Production Facilities at the Hanford Site Historic District - 1943-1990 - June 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hanford Cultural and Historic Resources Program
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hanford Site Historic District written by Hanford Cultural and Historic Resources Program and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of the book are archaeologists, architectural historians, and anthropologists, who worked in conjunction with Hanford staff for verification of accuracy and authenticity.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (563 download)
Download or read book History of the Plutonium Production Facilities at the Hanford Site Historic District, 1943-1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruce Cameron Reed
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662581752
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)
Download or read book The History and Science of the Manhattan Project written by Bruce Cameron Reed and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of atomic bombs under the auspices of the U.S. Army’s Manhattan Project during World War II is considered to be the outstanding news story of the twentieth century. In this book, a physicist and expert on the history of the Project presents a comprehensive overview of this momentous achievement. The first three chapters cover the history of nuclear physics from the discovery of radioactivity to the discovery of fission, and would be ideal for instructors of a sophomore-level “Modern Physics” course. Student-level exercises at the ends of the chapters are accompanied by answers. Chapter 7 covers the physics of first-generation fission weapons at a similar level, again accompanied by exercises and answers. For the interested layman and for non-science students and instructors, the book includes extensive qualitative material on the history, organization, implementation, and results of the Manhattan Project and the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing missions. The reader also learns about the legacy of the Project as reflected in the current world stockpiles of nuclear weapons. This second edition contains important revisions and additions, including a new chapter on the German atomic bomb program and new sections on British and Canadian contributions to the Manhattan project and on feed materials. Several other sections have been expanded; reader feedback has been helpful in introducing minor corrections and improved explanations; and, last but not least, the second edition includes a detailed index.
Author : Chuck Stewart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hanford's Battle with Nuclear Waste Tank SY-101 written by Chuck Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nuclear reactors and separation plants at the Hanford Site in Washington State made the plutonium for the bombs dropped on Japan in 1945. Plutonium production expanded during the Cold War and continued into the late 1980s leaving Hanford with a majority of the national inventory of high-level radioactive waste stored in its underground tanks. This book tells the story of one specific tank, the million-gallon double-shell tank 241-SY-101 in Hanford's 200-West Area. SY-101 was a dominating element in DOE waste management for the last decade of the 20th century. The possibility of a flammable gas burn in SY-101 was acknowledged as the safety issue of highest priority in the entire DOE complex during the early 1990s. Uncontrolled crust growth demanded another large-scale emergency effort in the late 1990s that finally allowed the tank to return to service in September 2001. It received its first waste as an "active" tank in November 2002. The experience spawned a legacy of inspired engineering, tight project discipline, and supportive teamwork that still affects the Hanford culture today. This narrative presents the whole SY-101 story from the viewpoint of those who lived through it. If it makes people who work in nuclear waste management pause and worry a little when funding, scheduling, or political pressures curtail creativity and prudence, the book will have served its purpose.
Author : A. M. HOPKINS
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book CHALLENGES OF PRESERVING HISTORIC RESOURCES DURING THE D & D OF HIGHLY CONTAMINATED HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT PLUTONIUM PROCESS FACILITIES. written by A. M. HOPKINS and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Manhattan Project was initiated to develop nuclear weapons for use in World War II. The Hanford Engineer Works (HEW) was established in eastern Washington State as a production complex for the Manhattan Project. A major product of the HEW was plutonium. The buildings and process equipment used in the early phases of nuclear weapons development are historically significant because of the new and unique work that was performed. When environmental cleanup became Hanford's central mission in 1991, the Department of Energy (DOE) prepared for the deactivation and decommissioning of many of the old process facilities. In many cases, the process facilities were so contaminated, they faced demolition. The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) requires federal agencies to evaluate the historic significance of properties under their jurisdiction for eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places before altering or demolishing them so that mitigation through documentation of the properties can occur. Specifically, federal agencies are required to evaluate their proposed actions against the effect the actions may have on districts, sites, buildings or structures that ere included or eligible for inclusion in the National Register. In an agreement between the DOE'S Richland Operations Office (RL), the Washington State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), the agencies concurred that the Hanford Site Historic District is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and that a Sitewide Treatment Plan would streamline compliance with the NHPA while allowing RL to manage the cleanup of the Hanford Site. Currently, many of the old processing buildings at the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) are undergoing deactivation and decommissioning. RL and Fluor Hanford project managers at the PFP are committed to preserving historical artifacts of the plutonium production process. They must also ensure the safety of workers and the full decontamination of buildings or artifacts if they are to be preserved. This paper discusses the real time challenges of working safely, decontaminating process equipment, preserving historical structures and artifacts and documenting their history at PFP.
Author : Jean-Claude Amiard
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1786307219
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain written by Jean-Claude Amiard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the acquisition of the atomic bomb by five states, the United Nations began drafting several treaties to limit nuclear proliferation. These efforts failed, as four more states also acquired nuclear weapons. In a similar vein, an attempt to limit atomic weapons - primarily within the two superpowers - was initiated. While the number of weapons has decreased, the new bombs now being manufactured are more powerful and more precise, negating any reduction in numbers. In the field of civil nuclear use, all nuclear facilities (reactors, factories, etc.) have a limited lifespan. Once a plant is permanently shut down, these facilities must be decommissioned and dismantled. These operations are difficult, time-consuming and costly. In addition, decommissioning generates large volumes of radioactive waste of various categories, including long-lived and high-activity waste. Risks to the environment and to health are not negligible during decommissioning. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have produced numerous publications with recommendations. Each state has its own decommissioning strategy (immediate or delayed) and final plan for the site - whether it be returning it to greenfield status or obtaining a nuclear site license with centuries-long monitoring.
Author : Bruce Cameron Reed
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 162705992X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)
Download or read book Atomic Bomb: The Story of the Manhattan Project written by Bruce Cameron Reed and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, prepared by an acknowledged expert on the Manhattan Project, gives a concise, fast-paced account of all major aspects of the project at a level accessible to an undergraduate college or advanced high-school student familiar with some basic concepts of energy, atomic structure, and isotopes. The text describes the underlying scientific discoveries that made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was organized, the daunting challenges faced and overcome in obtaining fissile uranium and plutonium, and in designing workable bombs, the dramatic Trinity test carried out in the desert of southern New Mexico in July 1945, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Author : B. Cameron Reed
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681746069
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)
Download or read book The Manhattan Project written by B. Cameron Reed and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of nuclear weapons by the Manhattan Project during World War II was one of the most dramatic scientific/technological episodes in human history. This book, prepared by a recognized expert on the Manhattan Project, offers a concise survey of the essential physics concepts underlying fission weapons. The text describes the energetics and timescales of fast-neutron chain reactions, why only certain isotopes of uranium and plutonium are suitable for use in fission weapons, how critical mass and bomb yield can be estimated, how the efficiency of nuclear weapons can be enhanced, how the fissile forms of uranium and plutonium were obtained, some of the design details of the 'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man' bombs, and some of the thermal, shock, and radiation effects of nuclear weapons. Calculation exercises are provided, and a Bibliography lists authoritative print and online sources of information for readers who wish to pursue more detailed study of this fascinating topic.
Author : John M. Findlay
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295802987
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (958 download)
Download or read book Atomic Frontier Days written by John M. Findlay and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outstanding Title by Choice Magazine On the banks of the Pacific Northwest’s greatest river lies the Hanford nuclear reservation, an industrial site that appears to be at odds with the surrounding vineyards and desert. The 586-square-mile compound on the Columbia River is known both for its origins as part of the Manhattan Project, which made the first atomic bombs, and for the monumental effort now under way to clean up forty-five years of waste from manufacturing plutonium for nuclear weapons. Hanford routinely makes the news, as scientists, litigants, administrators, and politicians argue over its past and its future. It is easy to think about Hanford as an expression of federal power, a place apart from humanity and nature, but that view distorts its history. Atomic Frontier Days looks through a wider lens, telling a complex story of production, community building, politics, and environmental sensibilities. In brilliantly structured parallel stories, the authors bridge the divisions that accompany Hanford’s headlines and offer perspective on today’s controversies. Influenced as much by regional culture, economics, and politics as by war, diplomacy, and environmentalism, Hanford and the Tri-Cities of Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick illuminate the history of the modern American West.
Author : Michele Stenehjem Gerber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (517 download)
Download or read book The Plutonium Production Story at the Hanford Site written by Michele Stenehjem Gerber and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. E. Gephart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hanford written by R. E. Gephart and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Hanford: A Conversation About Nuclear Waste and Cleanup, Roy Gephart takes us on a journey through a world of facts, values, conflicts, and choices facing the most complex environmental cleanup project in the United States: the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Starting with the top-secret Manhattan Project, Hanford was used to create tons of plutonium for nuclear weapons. Hundreds of tons of waste and millions of curies remain. In an easy-to-read, illustrated text, Gephart crafts the story of Hanford becoming the world's first nuclear weapons site to release large amounts of contaminants into the environment. This was at a time when radiation biology was in its infancy, industry practiced unbridled waste dumping, and the public trusted what it was told. Hanford history reveals how little we sometimes understand events when caught inside of them. The plutonium market stalled with the end of the Cold War. Public accountability and environmental compliance ushered in a new cleanup mission. Today, Hanford is driven by remediation choices whose outcomes remain uncertain. It's a story whose epilogue will be written by future generations. This book is an information resource, written for the general reader as well as the technically trained person. It provides an overview of Hanford and cleanup issues facing the nuclear weapons complex. Each chapter is a topical mini-series. It's an idea guide that encourages readers to be informed consumers of Hanford news, and to recognize that knowledge, high ethical standards, and social values are at the heart of coping with nuclear waste. Hanford history is a window into many environmental conflicts facing our nation; it's about building uponsuccess and learning from failure. And therein lies a key lesson: when powerful interests are involved, no generation is above pretense.
Author : David Harvey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (453 download)
Download or read book History of the Hanford Site 1943-1990 written by David Harvey and published by . This book was released on 2000* with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jim Mangi
Publisher : Frontline Books
ISBN 13 : 1399093169
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (99 download)
Download or read book Dropping the Atomic Bomb on Hirohito & Hitler written by Jim Mangi and published by Frontline Books. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 2 August 1939, the renowned theoretical physicist Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt in which he declared that ‘it might become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium’. He went on to declare that ‘extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed’. Shortly after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, Congress allocated substantial funds to allow research to be undertaken to follow through on Einstein’s idea and build an atomic bomb. Few, if any, could have imagined what they had agreed to support. But what if actual events had taken a different course? The First Atomic Bomb: An Alternate History to the Ending of WW2 is a highly accurate, thoroughly researched, alternative history presenting a narrative of events exploring what might have happened if the atom bomb had been available somewhat earlier than it really was. What if the atomic bomb had been ready for deployment in, say, February 1945? Had the atomic bomb been ready sooner, how would this have affected the war in Europe, and in particular Germany’s surrender? What would the impact have been in the war in the Pacific against Imperial Japan, and how would the Soviets have reacted? And what would the following Cold War have looked like? These are all questions and scenarios that the author rigorously examines. Solidly based on real people and actual events, in this book James Mangi describes the Manhattan Project to build the atom bomb getting an earlier start after President Roosevelt appointed an energetic scientist, Walter Mendenhall, to study the feasibility of the bomb, instead of the more traditional bureaucrat, Lyman Briggs, he actually chose. This scenario, he reveals, might well have produced a war-ending atomic bomb earlier, the effects of which rippled through the post-war world.
Download or read book Hanford Site Historic District written by and published by . This book was released on 2003* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert L. Ferguson
Publisher : Cms-Author.com
ISBN 13 : 9781948963275
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (632 download)
Download or read book Something Extraordinary written by Robert L. Ferguson and published by Cms-Author.com. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, a concise but comprehensive narrative of the geopolitics and atomic research that led to the creation of the Manhattan Project--the American effort to develop and deploy the atomic bomb during World War II. Written by two award-winning authors who together have more than a century of direct experience with the subject, this book is unlike any other. A key component of the Manhattan Project was the development of the massive Hanford Site where the plutonium used in America's atomic bombs was produced. The book celebrates the 75th anniversary of the date in 1944 when the first production reactor, the B Reactor, went critical and the plutonium it produced helped win the war. The year 2019 is also the 35th anniversary of the startup of WNP-2, now the Columbia Generating Station, the only nuclear power reactor to be built by the Washington Public Power Supply System. Also, this year is the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Tri- Party Agreement, which governs the cleanup of the Hanford Site. Hanford and the B Reactor played an important role in the Cold War and in the growth and subsequent economic fortunes of the nearby Tri-Cities communities whose economies were directly affected by events at Hanford. When the plutonium production reactors and chemical separation facilities were deactivated, the community sought to find new missions and uses for the Hanford Site. By the 1980s, it was clear that Hanford's mission had finally changed from production to cleanup, ushering in a whole new set of challenges and opportunities that continue to this day. It's all here, from the history of atomic research to the continuing efforts to clean up the Hanford Site. Written for non-technical readers who may be first-time visitors to the Tri-Cities or the B Reactor--now part of the Manhattan Project National Historic Park-- or for those who have lived and worked around the Hanford Site and may want a brief and easy-to-read history of their community.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book A Brief History of the T Plant Facility at the Hanford Site. Addendum 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T Plant (221-T) was the first and largest of the early chemical separations plants at the Hanford Engineer Works (HEW) (World War II name for the Hanford Site). Officially designated as a Cell Building by the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) of the Army Corps of Engineers (agency responsible for HEW), T Plant served as the headquarters of chemical processing operations at Hanford from its construction until the opening of the REDOX Plant in January 1952. Because it formed a crucial link in the first full-scale plutonium production operations in world history, it meets criteria established in the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as a National Historic Structure.
