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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (174 download)
Download or read book Genealogie van het geslacht von Kretschmar written by and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. S. Vogel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Highly Sensitive 14C and 3H Quantification of Biochemical Samples Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry written by J. S. Vogel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is an isotope ratio mass spectrometer that quantifies low levels of rare isotopes with half-lives between 10 and 10{sup 8} years. Typical sensitivities are 10{sup 6} atoms in a milligram-sized sample. AMS was originally developed for use in the geosciences as a tool to carbon date archaeological artifacts, but has applications in many fields. In the biosciences, the extreme sensitivity of AMS is used to trace nutrients, toxins and therapeutics in humans and animals using less than {micro}g/kg doses containing between 1-100 nCi of {sup 14}C. This sensitivity is used to reduce sample size, reduce chemical exposures to environmental or physiological levels, reduce radiation exposures to subjects, and/or reduce radioactive (and ''mixed'') waste. Compared to decay counting, AMS provides for a much higher measurement throughput for low activity samples. For example, a milligram-sized sample containing 1 dpm of {sup 14}C can be measured to 3% precision in several seconds. That same sample would require approximately 1 week of decay counting to obtain similar precision.
Author : P. B. Roberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book High Sensitivity 14C-label Studies in Biology Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry written by P. B. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Avraham Thaler Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303443992
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (439 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Mechanisms Enabling an Ultra-high Efficiency Moving Wire Interface for Real-time Carbon 14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Quantitation of Samples Suspended in Solvent written by Avraham Thaler Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon 14 (14C) quantitation by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a powerfully sensitive and uniquely quantitative tool for tracking labeled carbonaceous molecules in biological systems. This is due to 14C's low natural abundance of 1 ppt, the nominal difference in biological activity between an unlabeled and a 14C-labeled molecule, and the ability of AMS to measure isotopic ratios independently of a sample's other characteristics. To make AMS more broadly accessible, a moving wire interface for real-time coupling of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to AMS and high throughput AMS quantitation of minute single samples has been developed. Prior to this work, samples needed to be converted to solid carbon before measurement. This conversion process has many steps and requires that the sample size be large enough to allow precise handling of the resulting graphite. These factors make the process susceptible to error and time consuming, as well as requiring 0.5 ug of carbon. Samples which do not contain enough carbon, such as HPLC fractions, must be bulked up. This adds background and increases effort. The moving wire interface overcomes these limitations by automating sample processing. Samples placed on the wire are transported through a solvent removal stage followed by a combustion stage after which the combustion products are directed to a gas accepting ion source. The ion source converts the carbon from the CO2 combustion product into C ions, from which an isotopic ratio can be determined by AMS. Although moving wire interfaces have been implemented for various tasks since 1964, the efficiency of these systems at transferring fluid from an HPLC to the wire was only 3%, the efficiency of transferring combustion products from the combustion oven to ion source was only 30%, the flow and composition of the carrier gas from the combustion oven to the ion source needed to be optimized for coupling to an AMS gas accepting ion source and the drying ovens were not designed to contain volatile samples. In addressing these issues we were able to use a moving wire interface to reduce minimal 14C-AMS sample sizes from 0.5ug to 10's of ng, reduce measurement times from days to minutes, measure 8 HPLC traces in a day instead of 1 HPLC trace in 3 days, measure HPLC traces with temporal resolution of seconds instead of that limited by fraction size, and detect 14C in HPLC traces with greater sensitivity.This work covers the understanding of how the mechanisms that enable these improvements function. This includes a model of how altering the texture of the wire may be used to control fluid applied to the wire; a novel approach to applying a continuous flow of fluid to the wire in either droplets or a coherent jet and the necessary understanding of fluid dynamics to design a system to produce droplets of the desired size or jet of the desired flow rate; a description of the wire's vibration and the means to mitigate it; the details of an improved drying oven that removes solvent more quickly and captures volatilized material; a method of predicting sample volatility within the drying oven, based on readily available partial pressure vs. temperature data; and a method of modeling the combustion oven flow network and fluid velocities, to aid in the construction of a combustion oven that directs 100% of combustion products to the instrument.The work was performed at the Research Resource for Biomedical AMS, which is operated at LLNL under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC52-07NA27344. The Research Resource is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences under Grant P41 GM103483.
Author : Robert B. Rucker
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420005804
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Vitamins written by Robert B. Rucker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-08 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated, Handbook of Vitamins highlights the recent research in vitamins and gene expression, vitamin-dependent genes, and vitamin effect on DNA stability. This fourth edition includes new chapters on vitamin-dependent modification of chromatin, analysis of vitamin metabolism using accelerated mass spectrometry, and diet
Download or read book Graphitization for Biological, Biomedical, and Environmental 14C-accelerator Mass Spectrometry Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measures long-lived isotopes like 14C at attomole to zeptomole levels. For 14C-AMS applications, carbonaceous samples of interest were converted to elemental carbon like graphite or graphite-like materials onto Fe or Co catalyst. The preparation process is called graphitization. Biological/biomedical AMS applications (bio-AMS) usually required high sample throughput at a precision of 1-5 %. The precision of measured 14C level (Fraction Modern) along with the limited sample throughput prompted us to optimize the graphitization protocol for 14C-bio-AMS applications. Furthermore, a variety of terms about AMS targets for 14C-AMS also prompted us to investigate and characterize physical, morphological, and structural traits of AMS targets. In this study, our prior graphitization method was optimized and the optimized method used 100 mg Zn, 5 mg Fe catalyst, 500 °C, 3 h for about one milligram-sized carbonaceous sample. The optimized method prepared as many as 270 AMS targets/day/analyst, maximum detection limit of 0.04 amol 14C of one milligram carbon, and maximum quantification limit of 0.07 amol 14C of one milligram carbon. The optimized method exclusively produced graphite-coated Fe powder (GCIP) which was a mix of non-graphitic carbon and iron carbides. The GCIP produced more reliable 12C− current (> 100 [mu]A) and accurate Fraction Modern values (Relative Error: 0.02 %) than graphite-coated Fe or iron-carbon materials using our prior graphitization method. Using the optimized method, crystallinity of the GCIP (non-graphitic carbon) was increased to turbostratic carbon by reducing the mass ratio of carbon and Fe (C/Fe = 1:1) and increasing the graphitization temperature (585 °C). Carbon types of sample of interest have been considered to be a key factor for accurate/precise 14C-AMS applications. In this study, however, we concluded that graphitzation yield and thermal conductivity of sample of interest were more the important factors for accurate/precise/HT 14C-AMS applications than carbon type (graphite crystallinity). The optimized method was applicable for sub-mgC samples (>̲ 0.1 mgC) after the background corrections in keeping a balance between throughput and sensitivity/accuracy of 14C-AMS measurement. Finally, this study is important for HT 14C-AMS applications for ADME, PK, and kinetic/dynamic models of nutrients, drugs, phytochemicals, toxins, and aerosols in vivo in human.
Author : Phouthone Keohavong
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592598404
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Molecular Toxicology Protocols written by Phouthone Keohavong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of cutting-edge techniques for analyzing genotoxic exposure and detecting the resulting biological effects-including endogenous metabolites-up to and including the development of cancer. The authors emphasize analytical methods that can be specifically applied to human populations and patients. Among the applications detailed are the analysis of interactions between such cellular macromolecules as DNA and proteins and chemical and physical agents, the assessment of medically relevant toxicity, and the characterization of genetic alterations induced in transgenic animals by in vivo systems. There are also methods for the analysis of genotoxic exposure during gene expression, of cytotoxicity caused by the induction of apoptosis, of genetic alterations in reporter genes and oncogenes, early (premalignant) detection of altered oncogenes, and of individual variation in biotransformation and DNA repair capacity.
Author : A.L. Burlingame
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780121828073
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Biological Mass Spectrometry written by A.L. Burlingame and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes and integrates the techniques of many advances in both chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies. This book also covers various biophysical applications, such as H/D exchange for study of conformations, protein-protein and protein-metal and ligand interactions. It also describes atto-to-zepto-mole quantitation of 14C and 3H.
Author : D. C. Dean
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds written by D. C. Dean and published by . This book was released on 2004-08-27 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the most recent advances in the production, synthesis, analysis and applications of isotopically labelled compounds. It focuses especially on areas of significant growth since the immediately preceding Seventh International Isotope Society Meeting held in Dresden, Germany in June 2000. Contributions are drawn from major research groups around the world, providing valuable information to research community with interests in the following areas: New methodologies in the production of isotopes Novel synthetic and biosynthetic approaches to isotopically labelled compounds Analysis of isotopically labeled compounds Application of isotopically labelled compounds in medical, agricultural, nutritional and environmental research and development Investigation and elucidation or organic and bioorganic mechanisms and pathways Regulatory and safety perspectives The next Symposium in this series will be held at Edinburgh, Scotland in the summer of 2006.
Author : Mike S. Lee
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118180720
Total Pages : 1362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Handbook written by Mike S. Lee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its enormous sensitivity and ease of use, mass spectrometry has grown into the analytical tool of choice in most industries and areas of research. This unique reference provides an extensive library of methods used in mass spectrometry, covering applications of mass spectrometry in fields as diverse as drug discovery, environmental science, forensic science, clinical analysis, polymers, oil composition, doping, cellular research, semiconductor, ceramics, metals and alloys, and homeland security. The book provides the reader with a protocol for the technique described (including sampling methods) and explains why to use a particular method and not others. Essential for MS specialists working in industrial, environmental, and clinical fields.
Author : Claudio Tuniz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849345388
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (453 download)
Download or read book Accelerator Mass Spectrometry written by Claudio Tuniz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-25 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensive undertaking, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, conducts an elaborate and comprehensive summary of one of the foremost catalysts of progress in scientific research. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), an innovative analytical technique, measures rare atoms at unprecedented levels of sensitivity, revolutionizing the science of radiocarbon dating and accessing new natural radioisotopes as environmental tracers and chronometers. This book demonstrates how AMS is applied in the studies of extraterrestrial materials, the earth sciences, the future of the global environment, and the history of mankind. This compendium also highlights the significant impact of AMS on several fields of scientific investigation, spurring remarkable studies in global climate change, ancient artifacts, pollution, nuclear safeguards, geochronology, and materials characterization. The myriad of sample types and variety of applications in this examination include: Meteorites from Mars Ancient air trapped in Antarctic ice The Shroud of Turin The dating of human bones The colonization of the Americas and Australia Ancient rock art The crown of Charlemagne Cancerogenic effects of cooked meat The consequences of the Chernobyl accident The role of aluminum in Alzheimer's Disease This unique edition has compiled the diverse set of scientific literature into a single volume, suitable as a text or resource on the major AMS-related outcomes, issues, and methods.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008101984X
Total Pages : 5142 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Analytical Science written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 5142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set is a definitive collection of articles covering the latest technologies in application areas such as medicine, environmental science, food science and geology. Meticulously organized, clearly written and fully interdisciplinary, the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set provides foundational knowledge across the scope of modern analytical chemistry, linking fundamental topics with the latest methodologies. Articles will cover three broad areas: analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, atomic spectrometry); areas of application (e.g., forensic, environmental and clinical); and analytes (e.g., arsenic, nucleic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), providing a one-stop resource for analytical scientists. Offers readers a one-stop resource with access to information across the entire scope of modern analytical science Presents articles split into three broad areas: analytical techniques, areas of application and and analytes, creating an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals Provides concise and accessible information that is ideal for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate levels and higher
Author : Mike S. Lee
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470934697
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Drug Metabolism and Disposition written by Mike S. Lee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the background, industrial context, process, analytical methodology, and technology of metabolite identification. It emphasizes the applications of metabolite identification in drug research. While primarily a textbook, the book also functions as a comprehensive reference to those in the industry. The authors have worked closely together and combine complementary backgrounds to bring technical and cultural awareness to this very important endeavor while serving to address needs within academia and industry It also contains a variety of problem sets following specific sections in the text.
Author : Shayne Cox Gad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470249021
Total Pages : 1352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Preclinical Development Handbook written by Shayne Cox Gad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-03-21 with total page 1352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear, straightforward resource to guide you through preclinical drug development Following this book's step-by-step guidance, you can successfully initiate and complete critical phases of preclinical drug development. The book serves as a basic, comprehensive reference to prioritizing and optimizing leads, dose formulation, ADME, pharmacokinetics, modeling, and regulations. This authoritative, easy-to-use resource covers all the issues that need to be considered and provides detailed instructions for current methods and techniques. Each chapter is written by one or more leading experts in the field. These authors, representing the many disciplines involved in preclinical toxicology screening and testing, give you the tools needed to apply an effective multidisciplinary approach. The editor has carefully reviewed all the chapters to ensure that each one is thorough, accurate, and clear. Among the key topics covered are: * Modeling and informatics in drug design * Bioanalytical chemistry * Absorption of drugs after oral administration * Transporter interactions in the ADME pathway of drugs * Metabolism kinetics * Mechanisms and consequences of drug-drug interactions Each chapter offers a full exploration of problems that may be encountered and their solutions. The authors also set forth the limitations of various methods and techniques used in determining the safety and efficacy of a drug during the preclinical stage. This publication should be readily accessible to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in preclinical testing, enabling them to perform and document preclinical safety tests to meet all FDA requirements before clinical trials may begin.
Author : Jerome L. Duggan
Publisher : American Institute of Physics
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry written by Jerome L. Duggan and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume of a comprehensive two-volume treatise on superconductivity that represents the first such publication since the earlier widely acclaimed books by R. Parks. It systematically reviews the basic physics and recent advances in the field. Leading researchers describe the state of the art in conventional phonon-induced superconductivity, high-Tc superconductivity, and in novel superconductivity, including triplet pairing in the ruthenates. The second volume is largely concerned with novel superconductors, such as heavy-fermion metals and organic materials, and also includes granular superconductors. Important new results on current problems are presented in a manner designed to stimulate further research. Numerous illustrations, diagrams and tables make this book especially useful as a reference work for students, teachers and researchers. Volume 1 treats Conventional and High-Tc Superconductors (3-540-43883-1).
Author : Walter A. Korfmacher
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420092219
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Using Mass Spectrometry for Drug Metabolism Studies written by Walter A. Korfmacher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this now classic work helped to establish mass spectrometry as the premier tool for drug metabolism studies. Completely rewritten from start to finish, Using Mass Spectrometry for Drug Metabolism Studies, Second Edition brings medicinal chemists and mass spectrometry professionals up to speed with the rapid advances in the fiel
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080468845
Total Pages : 6448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Comprehensive Toxicology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 6448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An explosive increase in the knowledge of the effects of chemical and physical agents on biological systems has led to an increased understanding of normal cellular functions and the consequences of their perturbations. The 14-volume Second Edition of Comprehensive Toxicology has been revised and updated to reflect new advances in toxicology research, including content by some of the leading researchers in the field. It remains the premier resource for toxicologists in academia, medicine, and corporations. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition provides a unique organ-systems structure that allows the user to explore the toxic effects of various substances on each human system, aiding in providing diagnoses and proving essential in situations where the toxic substance is unknown but its effects on a system are obvious. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition is the most complete and valuable toxicology work available to researchers today. Contents updated and revised to reflect developments in toxicology research Organized with a unique organ-system approach Features full color throughout Available electronically on sciencedirect.com, as well as in a limited-edition print version
