High Temperature Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies Of Thermoelectrics And Other Novel Materials

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High Temperature Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Thermoelectrics and Other Novel Materials

Author : Guangyan Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis High Temperature Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Thermoelectrics and Other Novel Materials by : Guangyan Li

Download or read book High Temperature Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Thermoelectrics and Other Novel Materials written by Guangyan Li and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation is to elastically characterize thermoelectrics and other novel materials using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) at elevated temperatures. A "direct-contact" transducer system with test sample in direct contact with the piezoelectric elements was developed. This new transducer system with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the conventional buffer-rod system were used for elasticity measurements and phase transition studies. The temperature dependent elastic moduli of thermoelectric materials of four nanostructured polycrystalline silicon-germanium (SiGe) samples were obtained up to 950°C. Abnormal elastic behavior (stiffening) in the temperature range of 350-550°C was observed in the two n-doped SiGe samples, which is associated with dopant (phosphorus) precipitation. The elastic moduli of the complex Zintl phase Yb 14 MnSb 11 were also measured up to 600°C. Using the quick "mode-tracking" method, the various temperature-induced phase transitions in Yb 14 MnSb 11, transition metal oxide LuFe 2 O 4 and bulk metallic glass Zr 50 Cu 31 Pd 9 Al 10 were investigated. In addition to the high-temperature RUS measurements, the continuum elastic model in RUS was also applied to numerically study several lower normal modes of vibration in carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

Synthesis, Basic Characterization, and Resonant Ultrasound Studies of Novel Materials

Author : Lindsay Heatherly Vanbebber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthesis, Basic Characterization, and Resonant Ultrasound Studies of Novel Materials by : Lindsay Heatherly Vanbebber

Download or read book Synthesis, Basic Characterization, and Resonant Ultrasound Studies of Novel Materials written by Lindsay Heatherly Vanbebber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The elastic behavior of materials with unusual low-temperature behavior involving structural, magnetic, and superconducting transitions has been studied using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). Two classes of materials have been examined, namely, iron-based superconductors and thermoelectric materials. A series of BaFe2As2 materials as well as TlFe1.6Se2 comprise the former class, and a series of Mo3Sb7 materials is included in the latter. The elastic behavior of BaFe2As2 reveals that a large softening is observed as the material approaches a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition accompanied by an antiferromagnetic ordering near 132K. This significant shear softening indicates that the structural transition is due to magnetically-driven nematic fluctuations. The elastic behavior of superconducting cobalt-doped BaFe2As2, with a critical temperature of 22K, supports this finding. In BaFe2As2, an unusually large amount of softening is observed as the material approaches the superconducting transition, and the material begins to stiffen immediately following this transition. The effect of chromium doping in the BaFe2As2 material is also examined. It is found that chromium doping does not produce superconductivity at any concentration. It is shown that the structural transition that occurs in the BaFe2As2 parent material is suppressed with chromium doping, but this suppression is slower than that observed in cobalt-doped compounds. The TlFe1.6Se2 material displays a slight softening at 140K, where a canting of the iron spins occurs. When the original magnetic structure is recovered at 100K, stiffening is observed. A magnetic field of 3T does not affect the elastic response despite the magnetic feature. The elastic behavior of a series of Mo3Sb7 single crystals is also examined with RUS. The temperature dependence of the elastic response of this material reveals a transition at around 53K, evidenced by a dramatic softening in c'. This softening is associated with a cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition. Single crystals that were doped with chromium, ruthenium, and tellurium were also examined. The chromium doping simply decreases the transition temperature by approximately 5K. While the addition of ruthenium and tellurium suppresses the transition, a structural instability persists, evidenced by a remaining c' softening.

Resonant Ultrasound Studies of Complex Transition Metal Oxides

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Studies of Complex Transition Metal Oxides by :

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Studies of Complex Transition Metal Oxides written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Department of Energy EPSCoR The University of Mississippi Award: DE-FG02-04ER46121 Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Complex Transition Metal Oxides The central thrust of this DOE funded research program has been to apply resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS), an elegant and efficient method for determining the elastic stiffness constants of a crystal, to the complex and poorly understood class of materials known as transition metal oxides (TMOs). Perhaps the most interesting and challenging feature of TMOs is their strongly correlated behavior in which spin, lattice, and charge degrees of freedom are strongly coupled. Elastic constants are a measure of the interatomic potentials in a crystal and are thus sensitive probes into the atomic environment. This sensitivity makes RUS an ideal tool to study the coupling of phase transition order parameters to lattice strains. The most significant result of the project has been the construction of a high temperature RUS apparatus capable of making elastic constant measurements at temperatures as high as 1000 degrees Celsius. We have designed and built novel acoustic transducers which can operate as high as 600 degrees Celsius based on lithium niobate piezoelectric elements. For measurement between 600 to 1000 C, a buffer rod system is used in which the samples under test and transducers are separated by a rod with low acoustic attenuation. The high temperature RUS system has been used to study the charge order (CO) transition in transition metal oxides for which we have discovered a new transition occurring about 35 C below the CO transition. While the CO transition exhibits a linear coupling between the strain and order parameter, this new precursor transition shows a different coupling indicating a fundamentally different mechanism. We have also begun a study, in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, to study novel thermoelectric materials at elevated temperatures. These materials include silicon germanium with various doping and Zintl phase materials. Such materials show promise for increased figures of merit, vital to making thermolectrics competitive with traditional power generation mechanisms.

Temperature and Pressure Effects on Elastic Properties of Relaxor Ferroelectrics and Thermoelectrics

Author : Sumudu P. Tennakoon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Temperature and Pressure Effects on Elastic Properties of Relaxor Ferroelectrics and Thermoelectrics by : Sumudu P. Tennakoon

Download or read book Temperature and Pressure Effects on Elastic Properties of Relaxor Ferroelectrics and Thermoelectrics written by Sumudu P. Tennakoon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) material exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties. The material undergoes a series of structural phase transitions with changes in temperature and the chemical composition. The work covered in this dissertation seek to gain insight into the phase diagram of PMN-PT using temperature and pressure dependence of the elastic properties. Single crystal PMN-PT with a composition near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was investigated using a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) methodologies in the temperature range of 293 K - 800 K and the pressure range from near vacuum to 3.4 MPa. At atmospheric pressure, significantly high acoustic attenuation of PMN-PT is observed at temperatures below 400 K. A strong stiffening is observed in the temperature range of 400 K - 673 K, followed by a gradual softening at higher temperatures. With varying pressure, an increased pressure sensitivity of the elastic properties of PMN-PT is observed at the temperatures in the stiffening phase. Elastic behavior at elevated temperatures and pressures were studied for correlations with the ferroelectric domains at temperatures below the Curie temperature (TC), the locally polarized nano-regions, and an existence of pseudo-cubic crystalline at higher temperatures between (TC and TB). Thermoelectric lanthanum tellurides and skutterudites are being investigated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for advanced thermoelectric generates (TEGs). Effects of nickel (Ni) doping on elastic properties of lanthanum tellurides at elevated temperatures were investigated in the temperature range of 293 K - 800 K. A linear stiffening was observed with increasing the Ni content in the material. Elastic properties of p-type and n-type bismuth-based skutterudites were investigated in the temperature range of 293 K - 723 K. Elastic properties of rare-earth doped strontium titanate were also investigated in the temperature range of 293 K - 750 K.

Acoustic Properties of Novel Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

Author : Kenneth A. Pestka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780542828034
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Acoustic Properties of Novel Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy by : Kenneth A. Pestka

Download or read book Acoustic Properties of Novel Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy written by Kenneth A. Pestka and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Clathrate Thermoelectrics

Author : Michael Alan McGuire
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Clathrate Thermoelectrics by : Michael Alan McGuire

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Studies of Clathrate Thermoelectrics written by Michael Alan McGuire and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Materials Studies and Non-destructive Testing

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Materials Studies and Non-destructive Testing by :

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Materials Studies and Non-destructive Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings by :

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Study of Novel Materials

Author : Dennis Salvatore Agosta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis A Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Study of Novel Materials by : Dennis Salvatore Agosta

Download or read book A Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Study of Novel Materials written by Dennis Salvatore Agosta and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

High-temperature Elasticity and Anharmonicity in Layered Thermoelectric Materials

Author : Wanyue Peng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (699 download)

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Book Synopsis High-temperature Elasticity and Anharmonicity in Layered Thermoelectric Materials by : Wanyue Peng

Download or read book High-temperature Elasticity and Anharmonicity in Layered Thermoelectric Materials written by Wanyue Peng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to predict materials with desired thermal conductivity from a large material database can significantly improve the efficiency of experimental work. Lattice thermal conductivity is controlled by the velocity and relaxation time of phonons (lattice vibrations). Phonon scattering is closely related to the anharmonic lattice vibrations of a material, while phonon velocity depends on density and, bond stiffness. In this research, the relationship between structure, bonding, and thermal properties is discussed in two classes of layered materials, AM2X2 intermetallic compounds and GeTe - Sb2Te3 alloys.First, we study the origin of the anomalously low lattice thermal conductivity of MgMg2Sb2 compare to other isostructural AMg2Pn2 compounds (A = Mg, Ca, Yb, and Pn = Sb and Bi ). By employing high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) techniques, we have shown that the low lattice thermal conductivity is due to previously-unrecognized soft shear modes and highly anharmonic acoustic phonons in layered MgMg2Sb2. Combined with the phonon calculations from our collaborators, we attribute the anomalous thermal behavior of MgMg2Sb2 to the instability of the vibrational modes that originated from the weak bonding of the Mg, which is too small for the octahedral site. Second, we investigate the phase stability of the AMg2Pn2 system with mixed occupancy of Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba on the cation (A) site. We show that the small ionic radius of Mg2+ leads to limited solubility when alloyed with larger cations such as Sr or Ba. Third, by performing in-situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we showed that a few AM2X2 compounds can exhibit phase transitions at high-pressure, most of which are previously unrecognized. In addition, we observed that the compressibility of MgMg2Sb2 and MgMg2Bi2 is near-isotropic, whereas other isostructural AM2X2 compounds show clear signs of anisotropy between the in-plane and out-of-plane compressibility as is typical of layered compounds. We have analyzed the compressibility, transition pressure/temperature, anisotropy, as well as the type of phase transition to develop a deeper understanding of the stability and bond strength of different AM2X2 compounds.Lastly, we observed and explained the lattice stiffening and flattened lattice thermal conductivity curve with increasing temperature in GeTe - Sb2Te3 alloys. Unlike most compounds that soften with increasing temperature, the elastic moduli of (GeTe)17 - Sb2Te3 stiffen with increasing temperature before the phase transition. We investigate GeTe, Sb2Te3, and (GeTe)17 - Sb2Te3 from room temperature up to the phase transitions with high-temperature XRD, high-temperature RUS, and transport property measurements. We attribute the stiffening behavior to the gradual diffusion of layered vacancies to random vacancies on the cation site, which profoundly impact the elastic properties and the transport properties of the material.

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies of Materials for Property Specific Applications

Download Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies of Materials for Property Specific Applications PDF Online Free

Author : Jyrki Vuorinen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789521506710
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies of Materials for Property Specific Applications by : Jyrki Vuorinen

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies of Materials for Property Specific Applications written by Jyrki Vuorinen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Determination of Material Properties of Solids at High Frequency

Author : 鄭鴻輝
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (713 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Determination of Material Properties of Solids at High Frequency by : 鄭鴻輝

Download or read book Development of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Determination of Material Properties of Solids at High Frequency written by 鄭鴻輝 and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Non-destructive Testing

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Non-destructive Testing by :

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Non-destructive Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of mechanical resonances to test properties of materials is perhaps older than the industrial revolution. Early documented cases of British railroad engineers tapping the wheels of a train and using the sound to detect cracks perhaps mark the first real use of resonances to test the integrity of high-performance alloys. Attempts were made in the following years to understand the resonances of solids mathematically, based on the shape and composition. But Nobel Laureate Lord Rayleigh best summarized the state of affairs in 1894, stating {open_quotes}the problem has, for the most part, resisted attack{close_quotes}. More recently, modern computers and electronics have enabled Anderson and co-workers with their work on minerals, and our work at Los Alamos on new materials and manufactured components to advance the use of resonances to a precision non-destructive testing tool that makes anisotropic modulus measurements, defect detection and geometry error detection routine. The result is that resonances can achieve the highest absolute accuracy for any dynamic modulus measurement technique, can be used on the smallest samples, and can also enable detection of errors in certain classes of precision manufactured components faster and more accurately than any other technique.

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Materials with High Damping and Samples of Arbitrary Geometry

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Materials with High Damping and Samples of Arbitrary Geometry by :

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Materials with High Damping and Samples of Arbitrary Geometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) as a powerful and established technique for measuring elastic constants of a material with general anisotropy. The first step of this technique consists of extracting resonance frequencies and damping from the vibrational frequency spectrum measured on a sample with free boundary conditions. An inversion technique is then used to retrieve the elastic tensor from the measured resonance frequencies. As originally developed, RUS has been mostly applicable to (i) materials with small damping such that the resonances of the sample are well separated and (ii) samples with simple geometries for which analytical solutions exist. In this paper, these limitations are addressed with a new RUS approach adapted to materials with high damping and samples of arbitrary geometry. Resonances are extracted by fitting a sum of exponentially damped sinusoids to the measured frequency spectrum. The inversion of the elastic tensor is achieved with a genetic algorithm, which allows searching for a global minimum within a discrete and relatively wide solution space. First, the accuracy of the proposed approach is evaluated against numerical data simulated for samples with isotropic symmetry and transversely isotropic symmetry. Subsequently, the applicability of the approach is demonstrated using experimental data collected on a composite structure consisting of a cylindrical sample of Berea sandstone glued to a large piezoelectric disk. In the proposed experiments, RUS is further enhanced by the use of a 3-D laser vibrometer allowing the visualization of most of the modes in the frequency band studied.

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Solid Helium Research

Author : Guoxing Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (783 download)

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Book Synopsis Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Solid Helium Research by : Guoxing Liu

Download or read book Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and Solid Helium Research written by Guoxing Liu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

On Thermal Transport and Its Relationship with Bond-stiffness in Materials for Thermoelectric Applications

Author : Mario R. Calderon Cueva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis On Thermal Transport and Its Relationship with Bond-stiffness in Materials for Thermoelectric Applications by : Mario R. Calderon Cueva

Download or read book On Thermal Transport and Its Relationship with Bond-stiffness in Materials for Thermoelectric Applications written by Mario R. Calderon Cueva and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lattice thermal conductivity, ÎðL, is a fundamental physical property which characterizes the heat transport due to the solid's lattice vibrations (phonons). This intrinsic property is of great importance for the performance of a wide variety of devices, such as thermal barrier coating, electronics, optoelectronic, and thermoelectrics. In thermoelectrics, i.e., materials that convert heat to electricity or vice versa, having low ÎðL is critical for efficient thermal-to-electrical energy conversion. The heat transport by phonons which, in turn control the phonon group velocities and scattering rates, are related to the solid's bond stiffness and anharmonicity. To study these effects, a combination of high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HP-XRD) and high-temperature resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (HT-RUS) was used to quantify both local and average bondstiffness and anharmonic effects.High-pressure experiments were carried out to investigate the stability and bond stiffness of AM2X2 Zintl phases. For this purpose, single- and poly-crystals of several compounds, including Mg3Bi2, Mg3Sb2, CaMg2Bi2, and YbMg2Bi2, were synthesized. These samples were hydrostatically compressed inside diamond anvil cells for in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. As a result, the compressibility of the unit cell, lattice parameters, and individual bonds were obtained. It is shown that the octahedral A cation sites on all compositions are more compressible than the tetrahedral M cation sites. Furthermore, the influence of ionic radii on the compressibility was investigated. Additionally, reversible high-pressure phase transitions were discovered, and the high-pressure structures were solved, which are shown to be monoclinic, with space group C2/m.In the second part of this thesis, HT-RUS was used to investigate the average bond stiffness (e.g., as quantified by the elastic constants) as a function of temperature and composition in the (GeSe)1-x- (AgBiSe2)x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) system. The crystal structure progressively transitions from an orthorhombic Pnma, to a rhombohedral R3m, to a cubic Fm3 Ì4m arrangement, with marked consequences on the lattice thermal conductivity. With temperature, all the compositions eventually evolve to the rock-salt phase. From the HT-RUS experiments, it was determined that the cubic structure shows, on average, stiffer bonds compared to the other symmetries (rhombohedral and orthorhombic) present in this material system, which ultimately increases ÎðL. In contrast, using scattering rate estimations, it is shown that an increase in alloying leads to a suppression of ÎðL, mainly due to alloy scattering. From these observations, it is demonstrated how ÎðL is suppressed by the combined influence of the softening of elastic constants and an increase in the scattering rate.

Ultrasonic Spectroscopy

Author : Robert G. Leisure
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781108228251
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultrasonic Spectroscopy by : Robert G. Leisure

Download or read book Ultrasonic Spectroscopy written by Robert G. Leisure and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasonic spectroscopy is a technique widely used in solid-state physics, materials science, and geology that utilizes acoustic waves to determine fundamental physical properties of materials, such as their elasticity and mechanical energy dissipation. This book provides complete coverage of the main issues relevant to the design, analysis, and interpretation of ultrasonic experiments. Topics including elasticity, acoustic waves in solids, ultrasonic loss, and the relation of elastic constants to thermodynamic potentials are covered in depth. Modern techniques and experimental methods including resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, digital pulse-echo, and picosecond ultrasound are also introduced and reviewed. This self-contained book includes extensive background theory and is accessible to students new to the field of ultrasonic spectroscopy, as well as to graduate students and researchers in physics, engineering, materials science, and geophysics.