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High Level Spacecraft Charging Environments Near Geosynchronous Orbit
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Book Synopsis High-level Spacecraft Charging Environments Near Geosynchronous Orbit by : E. G. Mullen
Download or read book High-level Spacecraft Charging Environments Near Geosynchronous Orbit written by E. G. Mullen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-level spacecraft charging events in sunlight are discussed and statistically analyzed to determine environmental parameters critical to charging and the region of space near geosynchronous altitude where charging occurs. Significant levels of spacecraft charging are shown to occur only between 1900 LT and 0900 LT at any altitude or latitude of the SCATHA satellite orbit. High-level charging is shown to occur only during periods when the magnetic activity index is 2+ or greater. Distribution functions of energetic electrons and ions are presented for 3 high-level charging periods on days 114, 241 and 363, 1979. Moments of the distribution functions are determined, and fitting techniques used to derive two-Maxwellian densities and temperatures are discussed. Results are provided in a format usable in satellite design specifications.
Book Synopsis Rapport betreffende de ruilverkaveling van gronden in de gemeenten Heerde en Wijhe, genaamd "Heerde" by :
Download or read book Rapport betreffende de ruilverkaveling van gronden in de gemeenten Heerde en Wijhe, genaamd "Heerde" written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-level Spacecraft Charging Environments Near Geosynchronous Orbit by : E. G. Mullen
Download or read book High-level Spacecraft Charging Environments Near Geosynchronous Orbit written by E. G. Mullen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-level spacecraft charging events in sunlight are discussed and statistically analyzed to determine environmental parameters critical to charging and the region of space near geosynchronous altitude where charging occurs. Significant levels of spacecraft charging are shown to occur only between 1900 LT and 0900 LT at any altitude or latitude of the SCATHA satellite orbit. High-level charging is shown to occur only during periods when the magnetic activity index is 2+ or greater. Distribution functions of energetic electrons and ions are presented for 3 high-level charging periods on days 114, 241 and 363, 1979. Moments of the distribution functions are determined, and fitting techniques used to derive two-Maxwellian densities and temperatures are discussed. Results are provided in a format usable in satellite design specifications.
Book Synopsis High-Level Spacecraft Charging at Geosynchronous Altitudes: A Statistical Study by :
Download or read book High-Level Spacecraft Charging at Geosynchronous Altitudes: A Statistical Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the results of a statistical study on high-level spacecraft charging at geosynchronous altitudes. Below the critical temperature T ̂for a surface material, no spacecraft charging occurs. The spacecraft charging potential data are obtained from the ion line of the ion energy spectrum. If the ion line can not be clearly identified, the data point is flagged and not used in our analysis. Since T ̂depends on the surface material and since each satellite has its own surface material or materials, each satellite is expected to have its own critical temperature. The coordinated space environmental parameter data of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) include spacecraft charging data measured on several geosynchronous satellites in eclipses and in sunlight over years. We have obtained statistical results of T ̂for each satellite studied and found that, beyond T, ̂ the high-level spacecraft potential increases almost linearly with the ambient electron temperature. Amazingly, the critical temperature in sunlight remains the same as in eclipse, agreeing with the monopole-dipole differential charging model. This work offers a useful method not only for predicting the onset of spacecraft charging in eclipse and in sunlight but also for predicting high-level spacecraft charging potential with reasonable accuracy at any given ambient electron temperature in the geosynchronous environment.
Book Synopsis Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects by : Henry B. Garrett
Download or read book Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects written by Henry B. Garrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to the modern body of spacecraft charging knowledge—from first principles for the beginner to intermediate and advanced concepts The only book to blend the theoretical and practical aspects of spacecraft charging, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects defines the environment that not only creates the aurora, but which also can have significant effects on spacecraft, such as disruption of science measurements and solar arrays from electrostatic discharge (ESD). It describes in detail the physics of the interaction phenomenon as well as how to construct spacecraft to enhance their survivability in the harsh environment of space. Combining the authors' extensive experience in spacecraft charging—and in their provision of design support to NASA, JPL, the commercial satellite market, and numerous other projects—this incredible book offers both a robust physics background and practical advice for neophytes in the field and experienced plasma physicists and spacecraft engineers. In addition to containing numerous equations, graphs, tables, references, and illustrations, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects covers: Solar cell technology, especially higher voltage arrays, and the new design approaches that are appropriate for them Information about the space plasma environment New analytic computer codes to analyze spacecraft charging Spacecraft anomalies and failures which emphasized designs that are of greater importance than others
Book Synopsis A "worst Case" Spacecraft Environment as Observed by SCATHA on 24 April 1979 by : E. G. Mullen
Download or read book A "worst Case" Spacecraft Environment as Observed by SCATHA on 24 April 1979 written by E. G. Mullen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of data from the first year of the P78-2 SCATHA satellite operations showed that a highest level spacecraft frame charging (phi sub f) both in sunlight ( -340 V) and in eclipse (> -8 kV) occurred on 24 April 1979. Analysis of the data indicates that if the sunlight charging environment had been present during eclipse, the vehicle would have charged in excess of 15 kV which is above any known charging level observed to date for the SCATHA satellite. Therefore, the environment at the peak of the sunlight charging at approx. 0650 UT 24 April 1979 was chosen for this worst case study. The environment at this time is characterized by an injection of high energy (30-335 keV) electron fluxes whose combined current correlates with phi sub f with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. The fluxes were highly anisotropic, maximizing perpendicular to the magnetic field. The low energy (
Book Synopsis Spacecraft Charging at Geosynchronous Orbit and Large Scale Electric Fields in the High Latitude Ionosphere by : Joan Feynman
Download or read book Spacecraft Charging at Geosynchronous Orbit and Large Scale Electric Fields in the High Latitude Ionosphere written by Joan Feynman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems pertaining to spacecraft charging at near-geosynchronous orbit were investigated using data from P78-2 SCATHA collected in 1979-80. These studies included specification of significant aspects of the near-geosynchronous environment, effectiveness of active control systems and verification of computer modeling of satellite potentials. Environmental specification studies were made of major plasma sheet boundaries, near-geosynchronous particle fluxes and long term prediction of hazardous geomagnetic conditions. Work was begun on magnetospheric modeling. Unfortunately, the particle beam active control system caused the failure of two instruments. These events were thoroughtly studied but some uncertainty remains concerning the causes of the problems. Comparisons of spacecraft discharge techniques indicated the x sub e (+) plasma source was the preferred operational mode. Satisfactory agreement with observed charging levels was obtained when the NASCAP/AFGL computer model was used with environmental input derived from observed particle fluxes. A secondary research effort focused on studies of ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions in the polar cap and auroral zone. Air Force measurements of S3-2 electric and magnetic fields and electron and thermal plasma fluxes were used as well as DMSP auroral imagery.
Book Synopsis Spacecraft Environments Interactions: Protecting Against the Effects of Spacecraft Charging by : J. L. Herr
Download or read book Spacecraft Environments Interactions: Protecting Against the Effects of Spacecraft Charging written by J. L. Herr and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference by : C. P. Pike
Download or read book Proceedings of the Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference written by C. P. Pike and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, sponsored by the USAF and NASA, was held in October 1976. The Proceedings contain over 50 papers dealing with subjects including: (1) the geosynchronous plasma environment, (2) spacecraft modeling, (3) spacecraft materials characterization, (4) spacecraft materials development, (5) satellite design and test. In addition, an executive summary and the transcript of a panel discussion are included. (Author).
Book Synopsis High-Level Spacecraft Charging in Eclipse at Geosynchronous Altitudes: A Statistical Study by :
Download or read book High-Level Spacecraft Charging in Eclipse at Geosynchronous Altitudes: A Statistical Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the results of a statistical study on high-level (above -200V in magnitude) negative-voltage spacecraft charging in eclipse at geosynchronous altitudes. Theoretically, there exists a critical temperature T* for a surface material. Below T*, no spacecraft charging occurs. Since T* depends on the surface material, which differs from satellite to satellite, each is expected to have its own critical temperature. The theoretical results are compared with the coordinated space-environmental parameter data obtained by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous satellites. The LANL data include spacecraft charging events measured on several geosynchronous satellites, in eclipse and in sunlight, over several years. We have found a nearly linear trend, or better described by a quadratic one, between the spacecraft potential and the ambient electron temperature for potentials below in magnitude of about -5kV. Extrapolation of the linear trend to zero volts shows an intercept at a finite temperature which agrees reasonably well with the critical temperature predicted by theory. The existence of a critical electron temperature is useful for informing decision and operational support of geosynchronous spacecraft with enhanced knowledge.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging by : Shu T. Lai
Download or read book Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging written by Shu T. Lai and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As commercial and military spacecraft become more important to the world's economy and defense, and as new scientific and exploratory missions are launched into space, the need for a single comprehensive resource on spacecraft charging becomes increasingly critical. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the first and only textbook to bring together all the necessary concepts and equations for a complete understanding of the subject. Written by one of the field's leading authorities, this essential reference enables readers to fully grasp the newest ideas and underlying physical mechanisms related to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft in the space environment. Assuming that readers may have little or no background in this area, this complete textbook covers all aspects of the field. The coverage is detailed and thorough, and topics range from secondary and backscattered electrons, spacecraft charging in Maxwellian plasmas, effective mitigation techniques, and potential wells and barriers to operational anomalies, meteors, and neutral gas release. Significant equations are derived from first principles, and abundant examples, exercises, figures, illustrations, and tables are furnished to facilitate comprehension. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the definitive reference on the physics of spacecraft charging and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate-level students, and professional space researchers.
Book Synopsis SPACECRAFT CHARGING AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT AND LARGE SCALE ELECTRIC FIELDS IN THE HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERE. FINAL REPORT. by : J. Feynman
Download or read book SPACECRAFT CHARGING AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT AND LARGE SCALE ELECTRIC FIELDS IN THE HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERE. FINAL REPORT. written by J. Feynman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spacecraft Charging: Observations and Relationship to Satellite Anomalies by :
Download or read book Spacecraft Charging: Observations and Relationship to Satellite Anomalies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many studies have shown that satellite charging can cause anomalies on spacecraft. The SCATHA (Spacecraft Charging AT High Altitude) satellite was flown to determine the conditions and document the existence of satellite charging. It was instrumented to measure charging and to detect electrostatic discharges that occurred. Discharges were observed and could be characterized as either surface or internal charging related. More recently, observations were made of charging on a high-inclination Earth-orbiting (HBO) satellite. Both the HBO and SCATHA charging data show occurrence patterns that are consistent with the expected motions of substorm-injected plasma electrons. The SCATHA data was taken in the near-geosynchronous orbit and the HBO data was taken over a wide range of altitudes in a 630 inclination orbit. The SCATHA data showed that the internal discharge rates were related to the intensities of energetic electrons (Ee > 100 keV) and that, statistically, their occurrence peaked near local noon. These results can be understood in terms of the flux levels of electrons that can penetrate shielding. The HBO energetic particle data have been combined with CRRES, GOES, and GPS data to estimate some worst-case levels of internal charging fluxes.
Book Synopsis SCATHA (Spacecraft Charging at High Altitudes) Atlas Data Base by : E. G. Mullen
Download or read book SCATHA (Spacecraft Charging at High Altitudes) Atlas Data Base written by E. G. Mullen and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the plasma environment encountered by the P78-2 Spacecraft Charging At High Altitudes (SCATHA) satellite during its operation between March 1979 and June 1980 was conducted and reported in the SCATHA Environmental Atlas (AFGL-TR-83-0002). Summary plots of much of the data used in the Atlas are presented in two volumes. The first volume contains magnetic field data and spacecraft frame potential data. The second volume contains low and medium energy range electron and ion data, medium energy range ion composition data and high energy electron data. The data are presented in 24-hour plots. Space physics, Space environment, SCATHA, Spacecraft charging, Magnetic fields, Geosynchronous orbit. (jes).
Book Synopsis Technology for Large Space Systems by :
Download or read book Technology for Large Space Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spacecraft Charging: Meteosat Experience by : G. L. Wrenn
Download or read book Spacecraft Charging: Meteosat Experience written by G. L. Wrenn and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charging monitors on Meteosat 2 have given a large amount of very specific information about the interaction of the Meteosat 2 spacecraft with the plasma environment at geosynchronous orbit. Principal results so far include: 1) Differential charging occurs when part or all of the spacecraft is permanently in shadow and when there is a net flux of electrons to the spacecraft, 2) In an eclipse the current balance can charge from a triple root to a single root solution with a small charge in spectrum as had been predicted, 3) The level of differential voltages between adjacent parts of the spacecraft can be clamped at the relatively low voltage of the second cross-over point in the secondary emission yield curve (approx. volts), 4) Despite being inside a 1 metre long, conducting baffle the radiometer mirror caused significant charging of the spacecraft, 5) Although most of the anomalies of Meteosat 2 are probably not associated with arcing they do have a natural cause, 6) Where it is not possible for the outer surface of a spacecraft to be conducting, the harmful effects of differential charging can be reduced by use of materials with high secondary emission coefficients, 7)An electron albedo index, based on empirical values of secondary emission coefficients and backscatter ratios has been reasonably in determining the liability of the spacecraft to charging.
Author :Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :16 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Accessions List by : Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division
Download or read book Accessions List written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
