High Definition 3D Amazing Magic

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Author :
Publisher : Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781402764714
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis High Definition 3D Amazing Magic by : John Starke

Download or read book High Definition 3D Amazing Magic written by John Starke and published by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to an incredible magic place where optical illusions and tricks befuddle and amuse. Kids won’t believe their eyes, as they try to figure out confounding conundrums, move through 3D mazes, and solve a host of other visually amazing and brain-twisting puzzles.

High Definition 3D Bugs

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Author :
Publisher : Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781402764707
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis High Definition 3D Bugs by : John Starke

Download or read book High Definition 3D Bugs written by John Starke and published by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: They’re alive! At least that’s how children will feel as they peer through the glasses at 3D pictures of creepy-crawlies. Learn where to find some of the rarest and most endangered bugs, get cool insect facts, and meet beetles, tarantulas, butterflies, and a small but deadly menace: the malaria transmitting anopheles mosquito.

High Definition 3D Space

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Author :
Publisher : Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781402764738
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis High Definition 3D Space by : John Starke

Download or read book High Definition 3D Space written by John Starke and published by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces space exploration, including the American and Soviet competition to reach space, the exploration of the Moon, and unmanned satellites exploring deep space.

High Definition 3D Coral Reef

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Author :
Publisher : Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781402764721
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis High Definition 3D Coral Reef by : Chris Madsen

Download or read book High Definition 3D Coral Reef written by Chris Madsen and published by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces coral reefs, describing the marine animals and plants that incorporate the reef, how they cohabitate, and the relationship between predators and prey.

Amazing Magic 3D

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781902626284
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazing Magic 3D by : John Starke

Download or read book Amazing Magic 3D written by John Starke and published by . This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amazing puzzles, confounding conundrums, bewildering posers, and perplexing enigmas.

Amazing 3D Magic

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Author :
Publisher : Red Bird Press
ISBN 13 : 9781902626642
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazing 3D Magic by : Red Bird Press

Download or read book Amazing 3D Magic written by Red Bird Press and published by Red Bird Press. This book was released on 2004-08-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is our "Be-fuddling, Bamboozling, Braintwisting" book on 3D Magic! Containing over 75 amazing optical tricks and illusions, you'll really wonder if you can believe your eyes. Super strong 3D effects "lift" the image 5 levels up and off the page. Turn the glasses around and the 3D image views 5 levels down! Impossible? Just try it! An amazing book packed full of eye-boggling activities.

Amazing Magic 3D

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazing Magic 3D by :

Download or read book Amazing Magic 3D written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fractal 3D Magic

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Author :
Publisher : Sterling Publishing Company Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9781454912637
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Fractal 3D Magic by :

Download or read book Fractal 3D Magic written by and published by Sterling Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with more than 200 intricate and eye-popping 3D designs, which can be viewed with the accompanying 3D glasses, a rare glimpse into the world of computer-generated fractal art provides background on everything from the classic Mandelbrot set to ethereal fractal flames. Original.

3D Printing & Design

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Publisher : KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE
ISBN 13 : 938617376X
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis 3D Printing & Design by : Dr. Sabrie Soloman

Download or read book 3D Printing & Design written by Dr. Sabrie Soloman and published by KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE. This book was released on with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a detailed guide and optimum implementations to each of the stated 3D printing technology, the basic understanding of its operation, and the similarity as well as the dissimilarity functions of each printer. School Students, University undergraduates, and post graduate student will find the book of immense value to equip them not only with the fundamental in design and implementation but also will encourage them to acquire a system and practice creating their own innovative samples. Furthermore, professionals and educators will be well prepared to use the knowledge and the expertise to practice and advance the technology for the ultimate good of their respective organizations.

Additive Manufacturing -3D Printing & Design

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Author :
Publisher : Dr. Sabrie Soloman
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Additive Manufacturing -3D Printing & Design by : Dr. Sabrie Soloman

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing -3D Printing & Design written by Dr. Sabrie Soloman and published by Dr. Sabrie Soloman. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Manufacturing 3D Printing & Design The 4th Revolution Not ever previously consumer has had a technology where we so easily interpret the concepts into a touchable object with little concern to the machinery or talents available. If “seeing is believing!-” 3D printing technology is the perfect object image to see, touch, and feel! It is the wings to lift the well sought product, after laboring and toiling in several design iterations to bring the novel product to be a successful implementation. Now it is promising to become familiar with the product prototype and physically test it to find the flaws in the design. If a flaw is detected, the designer can easily modify the CAD file and print out a new unit. On Demand Custom Part Additive manufacturing has become a mainstream manufacturing process. It builds up parts by adding materials one layer at a time based on a computerized 3D solid model. It does not require the use of fixtures, cutting tools, coolants, and other auxiliary resources. It allows design optimization and the producing of customized parts on-demand. Its advantages over conventional manufacturing have captivated the imagination of the public, reflected in recent corporate implementations and in many academic publications that call additive manufacturing the “fourth industrial revolution.” Digital Model Layer by Layer 3D additive manufacturing is a process tailored for making three-dimensional objects of varieties of different shapes created from digital models. The objects are produced using an additive process, where successive layers of materials are deposited down in different shapes. The 3D Additive Manufacturing is considered diverse from traditional machining techniques, which depends primarily on the removal of material by cutting or drilling. The removal of material is referred to as a “subtractive process.” In a fast-paced, pressure-filled business atmosphere, it is clear that decreasing delivery by days is exceptionally valuable. Digital Manufacturing 3D printing - additive manufacturing, produces 3D solid items from a digital computer file. The printing occurs in an additive process, where a solid object is generated through the consecutive layering of material. There are an extensive variety of materials to select from countless lists of polymers and metals. The process begins with the generation of a 3D digital file such as CAD file. The 3D digital file is then directed to a 3D printer for printing using a simple print command. Freed of the constraints of traditional factories, additive manufacturing allows designers to produce parts that were previously considered far too complex to make economically. Engineers and Biologists are finding practical applications to use 3D additive manufacturing. It permits novel designs to become matchless rare-products that were not likely with preceding manufacturing methods. It is poised to transform medicine and biology with bio-manufacturing. This technology has the possibility to upsurge the well-being of a nation’s citizens. Additive manufacturing may progress the worldwide resources and energy effectiveness in ground, sea and air. This 3D Printing & Design book will enable you to develop and 3D print your own unique object using myriads of worldwide materials. Galilee Galileo & Isaac Newton Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton have changed our understanding of not only our own solar system, but also the whole universe through the invention of their telescope. The telescope steered a novel and captivating scientific discipline of “astronomy” —observing and studying the planets, stars, and other objects in the universe. The Nebula, for example, could not be observed prior to the invention of the telescope. No one could have estimated how many planets were in our solar system. Thanks to the technology of the telescope, the knowledge of universe was revealed. Thanks to a simple piece of glass made of silica, and to a simple lens made of glass. Similarly, 3D printing technology is a simple approach to open a flood gate to our Fourth Industrial Revolution. One-off Prototype One-off prototypes can be hideously expensive to produce, but a 3D printer can bring down the cost by a sizable margin. Many consumers goods, mechanical parts, aerospace, automobiles, robots, shoes, fashions, architects' models, dentures, hearing aids, cell biology, now appear in a 3D-printed form for appraisal by engineers, stylists, biologist, and clients before obtaining the final approval. Any changes can be swiftly reprinted in a few hours or overnight, whereas waiting for a new prototype to emerge from a machine shop could take weeks, and sometimes months. Some designers are already printing ready-to-wear shoes, dresses, and prosthetics, from metals, plastic and nylon materials. 3D printing’s utmost advantage is making discrete parts rapidly, autonomous of design complications. That speed delivers rapid reaction on the first prototype, and the capability to modify the design and speedily re-manufacture the part. As an alternative of waiting days or weeks for a CNC-machined prototype, a 3D printer can manufacture the part overnight. Development Cycle The 3D printer provides the additional advantage of removing many overhead manufacturing costs and time-delay by 3D printing parts that withstand a machine shop environment. Several tooling, fixtures, and work-holding jaws may be easily developed and 3D printed without extensive lead time and overhead cost. Its speed and quality shorten the product development cycle, permitting manufacturing aesthetically appealing, and high-performance parts in less than a day. Many instances testify that 3D printers offer substantial flexibility to yield parts with the adequate tensile strength and quality, desired to prosper the technology at a reasonable speed and cost. The rewards of applying 3D printing are substantial, as 3D printing permits product development teams to effortlessly, rapidly, and cost effectively yield models, prototypes, and patterns. Parts can be manufactured in hours or days rather than weeks. Nano-bots 3D additive manufacturing may be the only known method for constructing nanobots, which will overcome the speed disadvantage of 3D additive printing, thereby enabling the technology to be widely deployed in every manufacturing aspect. If millions of nanobots worked together, they might be able to do amazing manufacturing takes. Microscopic Surgery Scientists and researchers constructed teams of nanobots able to perform microscopic surgery inside a patient’s body. Some groups of nanobots have been programmed to build objects by arranging atoms precisely so there would be no waste. Other nanobots might even be designed to build more nanobots to replace ones that wear out! Compared to other areas of science like manufacturing and biology, nanotechnology is a very new area of 3D printing research. Working with microns and nanometers is still a very slow and difficult task. Carbon Fiber Also, material scientists and metallurgists are constantly providing engineers, and manufacturers with new and superior materials to make parts in the most economical and effective means. Carbon-fiber composites, for instance, are replacing steel and aluminum in products ranging from simple mountain bikes to sophisticated airliners. Sometimes the materials are farmed, cultivated and may be grown from biological substances and from micro-organisms that have been genetically engineered for the task of fabricating useful parts. Facing the benefits of the current evolution of 3D printing technology, companies from all parts in the supply chain are experiencing the opportunities and threatens it may bring. First, to traditional logistic companies, 3D printing is causing a decline in the cargo industry, reducing the demand for long-distance transportation such as air, sea and rail freight industries. The logistic companies which did not realize the current evolution may not adapt rapidly enough to the new situation. As every coin has two sides, with 3D Printing, logistics companies could also become able to act as the manufacturers. The ability to produce highly complex designs with powerful computer software and turn them into real objects with 3D printing is creating a new design language. 3D-printed items often have an organic, natural look. “Nature has come up with some very efficient designs, Figure 1.3. Often it is prudent to mimic them,” particularly in medical devices. By incorporating the fine, lattice-like internal structure of natural bone into a metal implant, for instance, the implant can be made lighter than a machined one without any loss of strength. It can integrate more easily with the patient's own bones and be grafted precisely to fit the intended patient. Surgeons printed a new titanium jaw for a woman suffering from a chronic bone infection. 3D additive manufacturing promises sizable savings in material costs. In the aerospace industry, metal parts are often machined from a solid billet of costly high-grade titanium. This constitutes 90% of material that is wasted. However, titanium powder can be used to print parts such as a bracket for an aircraft door or part of a satellite. These can be as strong as a machined part, but use only 10% of the raw material. A Boeing F-18 fighter contains a number of printed parts such as air ducts, reducing part weight by at least 30%. Remote Manufacturing 3D Printers Replicator can scan an object in one place while simultaneously communicating to another machine, locally or globally, developed to build a replica object. For example, urgently needed spares could be produced in remote places without having to ship the original object. Even parts that are no longer available could be replicated by scanning a broken item, repairing it virtually, and then printing a new one. It is likely digital libraries will appear online for parts and products that are no longer available. Just as the emergence of e-books means books may never go out of print, components could always remain available. Service mechanics could have portable 3D printers in their vans and hardware stores could offer part-printing services. DIY Market Some entrepreneurs already have desktop 3D printers at home. Industrial desktop 3D printing machines are creating an entirely new market. This market is made up of hobbyists, do-it-yourself enthusiasts, tinkerers, inventors, researchers, and entrepreneurs. Some 3D-printing systems can be built from kits and use open-source software. Machinists may be replaced someday by software technicians who service production machines. 3D printers would be invaluable in remote areas. Rather than waiting days for the correct tool to be delivered, you could instantly print the tool on the job. Printing Materials However, each method has its own benefits and downsides. Some 3D printer manufacturers consequently offer a choice between powder and polymer for the material from which the object is built. Some manufacturer use standard, off-the-shelf business paper as the build material to produce a durable prototype. Speed, cost of the 3D printer, cost of the printed prototype, and the cost of choice materials and color capabilities are the main considerations in selecting a 3D printing machine. SLA – DLP - FDM – SLS - SLM & EBM The expansive world of 3D printing machines has become a confusing place for beginners and professionals alike. The most well-known 3D printing techniques and types of 3D printing machines are stated below. The 3D printing technology is categorized according to the type of technology utilized. The categories are stated as follows: Stereolithography(SLA) Digital Light Processing(DLP) Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Selective laser melting (SLM) Electronic Beam Melting (EBM) Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Also, the book provides a detailed guide and optimum implementations to each of the stated 3D printing technology, the basic understanding of its operation, and the similarity as well as the dissimilarity functions of each printer. School Students, University undergraduates, and post graduate students will find the book of immense value to equip them not only with the fundamental in design and implementation but also will encourage them to acquire a system and practice creating their own innovative samples. Furthermore, professionals and educators will be well prepared to use the knowledge and the expertise to practice and advance the technology for the ultimate good of their respective organizations. Global Equal Standing Manufacturers large and small play a significant part in the any country’s economy. The U.S. economy; rendering to the United States Census Bureau, manufacturers are the nation’s fourth-largest employer, and ship several trillions of dollars in goods per annum. It may be a large automotive enterprise manufacturing vehicles or an institution with less than 50 employees. Manufacturers are vital to the country’s global success. However, many societies have misunderstandings about the manufacturing jobs are undesirable jobs and offers low-paying compensations. Other countries may be discouraged to compete against USA. Additive Manufacturing Technology – 3D Printing would level the manufacturing plane field, enabling all countries to globally stand on equal footing. Dr. Sabrie Soloman, Chairman & CEO 3D Printing & Design Not ever previously consumer has had a technology where we so easily interpret the concepts into a touchable object with little concern to the machinery or talents available. 3D Printing Technology builds up parts by adding materials one layer at a time based on a computerized 3D solid model. It allows design optimization and the producing of customized parts on-demand. Its advantages over conventional manufacturing have captivated the imagination of the public, reflected in recent corporate implementations and in many academic publications that call additive manufacturing the “Fourth Industrial Revolution.” 3D Printing produces 3D solid items from a digital computer file. The printing occurs in an additive process, where a solid object is generated through the consecutive layering of material. The process begins with the generation of a 3D digital file such as CAD file. The 3D digital file is then directed to a 3D Printer for printing using a simple print command. Freed of the constraints of traditional factories, additive manufacturing allows designers to produce parts that were previously considered far too complex to make economically. Engineers and Biologists are finding practical applications to use 3D additive manufacturing. It permits novel designs to become matchless rare-products that were not likely with preceding manufacturing methods. 3D Printing Technology is poised to transform medicine and biology with bio-manufacturing, and traditional manufacturing into 3D Printing. This technology has the possibility to upsurge the well-being of a nation’s citizens. Additive manufacturing may progress the worldwide resources and energy effectiveness in “Ground, Sea and Air.” This 3D Printing & Design book will enable you to develop and 3D Print your own unique object using myriads of available worldwide materials. One-off prototypes can be hideously expensive to produce, but a 3D Printer can bring down the cost by a sizable margin. Many consumers goods, mechanical parts, aerospace, automobiles, robots, shoes, fashions, architects' models, dentures, hearing aids, cell biology, now appear in a 3D-printed form for appraisal by engineers, stylists, biologist, and clients before obtaining the final approval. The 3D Printing Technology provides the additional advantage of removing many overhead manufacturing costs and time-delay. The rewards are substantial, as it permits product development teams effortlessly, rapidly and cost effectively yielding models, prototypes, and patterns to be manufactured in hours or days rather than weeks, or months.

Ancient Egypt, New Technology

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Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004501290
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Egypt, New Technology by : Rita Lucarelli

Download or read book Ancient Egypt, New Technology written by Rita Lucarelli and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of collected studies takes stock of most recent developments in Egyptology and the Digital Humanities, considering future directions for the application of new technologies in Egyptology. The book presents the results of an international conference held in 2019 at Indiana University – Bloomington, in which Egyptologists and digital humanists with interest in Egyptology gathered in 2019 to present current projects in 3D modeling, virtual and augmented reality, game technology, digital pedagogy, database projects, computational and corpus linguistics and E-publications. Those projects, along with a selection of others that were not presented in Bloomington, are now described and discussed in this volume.

Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351645110
Total Pages : 845 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy by : Ben Mijnheer

Download or read book Clinical 3D Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy written by Ben Mijnheer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a first comprehensive summary of the basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and clinical applications of three-dimensional dosimetry in modern radiation therapy treatment. The presentation reflects the major growth in the field as a result of the widespread use of more sophisticated radiotherapy approaches such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, which require new 3D dosimetric techniques to determine very accurately the dose distribution. It is intended as an essential guide for those involved in the design and implementation of new treatment technology and its application in advanced radiation therapy, and will enable these readers to select the most suitable equipment and methods for their application. Chapters include numerical data, examples, and case studies.

3D Printing in Medicine

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Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323902200
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis 3D Printing in Medicine by : Deepak M. Kalaskar

Download or read book 3D Printing in Medicine written by Deepak M. Kalaskar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3D Printing in Medicine, Second Edition examines the rapidly growing market of 3D-printed biomaterials and their clinical applications. With a particular focus on both commercial and premarket tools, the book looks at their applications within medicine and the future outlook for the field. The chapters are written by field experts actively engaged in educational and research activities at the top universities in the world. The earlier chapters cover the fundamentals of 3D printing, including topics such as materials and hardware. The later chapters go on to cover innovative applications within medicine such as computational analysis of 3D printed constructs, personalized 3D printing - including 3D cell and organ printing and the role of AI - with a subsequent look at the applications of high-resolution printing, 3D printing in diagnostics, drug development, 4D printing, and much more. This updated new edition features completely revised content, with additional new chapters covering organs-on-chips, bioprinting regulations and standards, intellectual properties, and socio-ethical implications of organs-on-demand. Reviews a broad range of biomedical applications of 3D printing biomaterials and technologies Provides an interdisciplinary look at 3D printing in medicine, bridging the gap between engineering and clinical fields Includes completely updated content with additional new chapters, covering topics such as organs-on-chips, bioprinting regulations, intellectual properties, medical standards in 3D printing, and more

Magic and Loss

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Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501132679
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Magic and Loss by : Virginia Heffernan

Download or read book Magic and Loss written by Virginia Heffernan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virginia Heffernan gives a highly informative analysis of what the internet is and can be in an examination of its past, present and future.

Virtual Reality

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Author :
Publisher : LexInnova Technologies, LLC
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Virtual Reality by :

Download or read book Virtual Reality written by and published by LexInnova Technologies, LLC. This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

After Effects Apprentice,

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1136039945
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis After Effects Apprentice, by : Chris Meyer

Download or read book After Effects Apprentice, written by Chris Meyer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you’re new to After Effects and want to get up to speed quickly, or already a user who needs to become familiar with the new features, After Effects Apprentice was created for you. With 11 core lessons plus a final project that pulls it all together, you’ll learn how to tap this program’s vast potential – whether you create motion graphics for network television, corporate communications, or your own projects. Fully updated to cover the major new features introduced in After Effects CS6, CS5.5, and CS5, this edition of the book presents a professional perspective on the most important features a motion graphics artist needs to master in order to use After Effects effectively. You’ll learn to creatively combine layers, animate eye-catching titles, manipulate 3D space, track or rotoscope existing footage to add new elements, color key and stabilize a shot to place it in a new environment, and use effects to generate excitement or enhance the realism of a scene. Easy to follow, step-by-step instructions guide you through the features, with explanations of the "why" instead of just the "how" behind each technique. You’ll learn more than just the tools; you’ll learn skills that you can immediately put to work expressing your own ideas in your productions. Topics include how to: Animate, edit, layer, and composite video and still images. Manipulate keyframes and the way they interpolate to create more refined animations. Use masks, mattes, stencils and blending modes to add sophistication to your imagery. Create and animate text and shape layers Place your layers in 3D space. Use tracking and keying to create special effects, such as replacing screen displays. DVD contains: All exercise source material and project files for After Effects CS6, CS5.5, and CS5, plus 90 minutes of video tutorials.

3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography

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Author :
Publisher : Göttingen University Press
ISBN 13 : 3863953649
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis 3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography by : Mareike Töpperwien

Download or read book 3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography written by Mareike Töpperwien and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deciphering the three-dimensional (3d) cytoarchitecture of neuronal tissue is an important step towards understanding the connection between tissue function and structure and determining relevant changes in neurodegenerative diseases. The gold standard in pathology is histology, in which the tissue is examined under a light microscope after serial sectioning and subsequent staining. It is an invasive and labor-intensive technique which is prone to artifacts due to the slicing procedure. While it provides excellent results on the 2d slices, the 3d anatomy can only be determined after aligning the individual sections, leading to a non-isotropic resolution within the tissue. X-ray computed tomography (CT) offers a promising alternative due to its potential resolution and large penetration depth which allows for non-invasive imaging of the sample's 3d density distribution. In classical CT, contrast formation is based on absorption of the x-rays as they pass through the sample. However, weakly absorbing samples like soft tissue from the central nervous system give nearly no contrast. By exploiting the much stronger phase shifts for contrast formation, which the sample induces in a (partially) coherent wavefront, it can be substantially increased. During free-space propagation behind the sample, these phase shifts are converted to a measurable intensity image by interference of the disturbed wave fronts. In this thesis, 3d virtual histology is performed by means of propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography on tissue from the central nervous system of humans and mice. A combination of synchrotron-based and laboratory setups is used to visualize the 3d density distribution on varying lengths scales from the whole organ down to single cells. By comparing and optimizing different preparation techniques and phase-retrieval approaches, even sub-cellular resolution can be reached in mm-sized tissue blocks. The development of an automatic cell segmentation workflow provides access to the 3d cellular distribution within the tissue, enabling the quantification of the cellular arrangement and allowing for extensive statistical analysis based on several thousands to millions of cells. This paves the way for biomedical studies aimed at changes in cellular distribution, e.g., in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease or ischemic stroke.