Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts in the Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-butyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Alcohol

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts in the Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-butyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Alcohol by : Cristian David Miranda Munoz

Download or read book Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts in the Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-butyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Alcohol written by Cristian David Miranda Munoz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different heterogeneous acid solids based on zeolites and sulfonated graphene oxides have been evaluated as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol. The zeolites used in this study, such as mordenite, faujasite, beta and H-ZSM5, were compared to study the effect of pore structure and size, as well as the size of the crystal in the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity towards the di and tri-tert-butyl ether of glycerol. The results showed that, in a liquid phase reaction sensitive to diffusion limitations, the porous zeolite network is not sufficient to predict activity, selectivity and stability. The accessibility to the pore must be taken into account according to its internal volume. The zeolites *BEA and MFI have similar pore volumes, but the difference in the opening of the pores (more than 1 Å) is sufficient to generate strong diffusion limitations in the case of the medium pore zeolite. The activity of the zeolite * H-BEA is proportional to the concentration of the Brønsted acid site as long as the size of the crystals is less than 100 nm (without limitation of internal diffusion). In the case of faujasite with supercages, successive etherification is preferred.In the second series of catalysts, the graphene oxide was obtained by the modified Hummers method and its subsequent reduction by three different routes: i - hydrazine, ii - Zn/HCl and iii - ascorbic acid. Graphene oxide has a different C/O ratio at the surface. Finally, these last solids were functionalized using sulfanilic acid, generating new Brønsted acid sites. Catalytic tests have shown that, regardless of the graphene oxide, the conversion of glycerol is greater than that obtained with Amberlyst® (A-15), which is the reference catalyst for this reaction. The selectivity after 10 hours of reaction is also comparable to that of A-15. This study has shown that the control of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance is very important because it depends on the amount of oxygenated groups on the surface.Regarding the mechanism of reaction, it turned out to be different in both cases, favoring Eley-Rideal (ER) in the reaction with zeolites, whereas, in the case of graphene oxides, a mechanism of type Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) predominates. Finally, zeolite Beta, Amberlyst® 15 and sulfonated graphene oxide have been evaluated as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with isoamyl alcohol. The results show that the activation of the primary alcohol is more difficult in the "moderate" conditions of the reaction studied than with that of tert-butyl alcohol. On the other hand, it has been found that the self-etherification of isoamyl alcohol (to form isoamyl ether) favors the etherification of glycerol.

Deep Eutectic Solvents

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527345183
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Deep Eutectic Solvents by : Diego J. Ramón

Download or read book Deep Eutectic Solvents written by Diego J. Ramón and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A useful guide to the fundamentals and applications of deep eutectic solvents Deep Eutectic Solvents contains a comprehensive review of the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an environmentally benign alternative reaction media for chemical transformations and processes. The contributors cover a range of topics including synthesis, structure, properties, toxicity and biodegradability of DESs. The book also explores myriad applications in various disciplines, such as organic synthesis and (bio)catalysis, electrochemistry, extraction, analytical chemistry, polymerizations, (nano)materials preparation, biomass processing, and gas adsorption. The book is aimed at organic chemists, catalytic chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, biochemists, electrochemists, and others involved in the design of eco-friendly reactions and processes. This important book: -Explores the promise of DESs as an environmentally benign alternative to hazardous organic solvents -Covers the synthesis, structure, properties (incl. toxicity) as well as a wide range of applications -Offers a springboard for stimulating critical discussion and encouraging further advances in the field Deep Eutectic Solvents is an interdisciplinary resource for researchers in academia and industry interested in the many uses of DESs as an environmentally benign alternative reaction media.

The Future of Glycerol

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Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 184973108X
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Glycerol by : Mario Pagliaro

Download or read book The Future of Glycerol written by Mario Pagliaro and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year’s worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This fully updated and revised 2nd edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. This book is the best-selling reference book in the field. The highly anticipated 2nd Edition is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding whether biodiesel and glycerol refineries are convenient and economically sound.

Microporous and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470094204
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (942 download)

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Book Synopsis Microporous and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts by : Eric G. Derouane

Download or read book Microporous and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts written by Eric G. Derouane and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series offers practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working with catalysts in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts. Micro- and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts describes the use of zeolites and mesoporous solids as catalysts for the production of fine and specialty chemicals. Specific tips and hints are provided and some typical procedures are described in detail In addition to discussing the pros and cons, several major organic transformations are examined including aromatic substitutions, heterocyclic ring formation, amines synthesis, oligomerisation, oxidation and hydroxylation, and other regioselective and stereoselective reactions Features tutorial introductory chapters, including tips and hints for achieving successful organic transformations Important reactions are featured together with recommendations to resolve potential problems.

Chemical Abstracts

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2626 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Abstracts by :

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemical Product Design

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521791830
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Product Design by : E. L. Cussler

Download or read book Chemical Product Design written by E. L. Cussler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-16 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, the chemical industry has been dominated by the manufacture of bulk commodity chemicals such as benzene, ammonia, and polypropylene. However, over the last decade a significant shift occurred. Now most chemical companies devote any new resources to the design and manufacture of specialty, high value-added chemical products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronic coatings. Although the jobs held by chemical engineers have also changed to reflect this altered business, their training has remained static, emphasizing traditional commodities. This ground-breaking text starts to redress the balance between commodities and higher value-added products. It expands the scope of chemical engineering design to encompass both process design and product design. The authors use a four-step procedure for chemical product design - needs, ideas, selection, manufacture - drawing numerous examples from industry to illustrate the discussion. The book concludes with a brief review of the economic issues. Chemical engineering students and beginning chemical engineers will find this text an inviting introduction to chemical product design.

Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981334749X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441962468
Total Pages : 1048 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers by : Jan W. Gooch

Download or read book Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers written by Jan W. Gooch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference, in its second edition, contains more than 7,500 polymeric material terms, including the names of chemicals, processes, formulae, and analytical methods that are used frequently in the polymer and engineering fields. In view of the evolving partnership between physical and life sciences, this title includes an appendix of biochemical and microbiological terms (thus offering previously unpublished material, distinct from all competitors.) Each succinct entry offers a broadly accessible definition as well as cross-references to related terms. Where appropriate to enhance clarity further, the volume's definitions may also offer equations, chemical structures, and other figures. The new interactive software facilitates easy access to a large database of chemical structures (2D/3D-view), audio files for pronunciation, polymer science equations and many more.

Green Solvents for Chemistry

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198035764
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Solvents for Chemistry by : William M. Nelson

Download or read book Green Solvents for Chemistry written by William M. Nelson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-27 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to introduce the use of green solvents throughout chemistry and to provide a comprehensive reference for solvents currently applicable in green chemistry. The first section covers solvents in chemical perspective, and the second section is a guide to green solvents. Overall, this volume defines characteristics of green solvents and their current usage, and explores their importance ecologically and economically. It includes a full range of commercial, industrial, and academic green solvents, and discusses solvents in specific commercial and non-commercial practices. Green Solvents for Chemistry differs from other works on solvents in that only solvents for green chemistry are included along with their chemical properties and toxicological issues.

Microbial Products for Health, Environment and Agriculture

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811619476
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Products for Health, Environment and Agriculture by : Pankaj Kumar Arora

Download or read book Microbial Products for Health, Environment and Agriculture written by Pankaj Kumar Arora and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume discusses the role of various microbial products in healthcare, environment and agriculture. Several microbial products are directly involved in solving major health problems, agricultural and environmental issues. In healthcare sector, microbes are used as anti-tumor compounds, antibiotics, anti-parasitic agents, enzyme inhibitors and immunosuppressive agents. Microbial products are also used to degrade xenobiotic compounds and bio-surfactants, for biodegradation process. In agriculture, microbial products are used to enhance nutrient uptake, to promote plant growth, or to control plant diseases. The book presents several such applications of microbes in the ecosystems. The chapters are contributed from across the globe and contain up-to-date information. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, microbiologists and ecologists. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

Green Biocomposites

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319466100
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Biocomposites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Green Biocomposites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses different aspects of green biocomposite manufacture from natural fibres and bioplastics, including the manufacturing procedures and the physical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of green biocomposites. Featuring illustrations and tables that maximize reader insights into the current research on biocomposites, it emphasises the role of green technology in the manufacture of biocomposites and analysis of properties of biocomposites for different applications. It is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists in industry wanting to understand the need for biocomposites in the development of green, biodegradable and sustainable products for different applications.

Renewable Bioresources

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470021047
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Bioresources by : Christian Stevens

Download or read book Renewable Bioresources written by Christian Stevens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-11-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Bioresources: scope and modification for non-food applications is the first text to consider the broad concept of renewable materials from the socio-economic aspects through to the chemical production and technical aspects of treating different raw products. The text sets the context of the renewables debate with key opening chapters on green chemistry, and the current situation of US and EU policy regarding sustainability and industrial waste. The quantitative and technical scope and production of renewable resources is then discussed with material looking at integral valorisation, the primary production of raw materials, downstream processing, and the identification of renewable crop materials. The latter part of the book concludes with a discussion on the uses for renewable materials such as carbohydrates, woods, fibres, biopolymers, lipids and proteins in different industrial applications, including a key chapter on the high value-added industries. Covers the broad concept of renewable resources from different points of view. Takes readers through the identification, production, processing and end-applications for renewable raw materials. Considers and compares EU and US renewable resources and sustainability objectives. Devotes one chapter to green chemistry and sustainability, focussing on the green industrial processes. This is an essential book for upper level undergraduates and Masters students taking modules on Renewable Resources, Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development, Environmental Science, Agricultural Science and Environmental Technology. It will also benefit industry professionals and product developers who are looking at improved economic and environmental means of utilising renewable materials.

Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Chemical and Food Industries

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030060853
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Chemical and Food Industries by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Chemical and Food Industries written by Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the applications of ion-exchange materials in the chemical and food industries. It includes topics related to the application of ion exchange chromatography in water softening, purification and separation of chemicals, separation and purification of food products and catalysis. This title is a highly valuable source of knowledge on ion-exchange materials and their applications suitable for postgraduate students and researchers but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and biochemical technology. Additionally, this book will provide an in-depth knowledge of ion-exchange column and operations suitable for engineers and industrialists.

Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111849346X
Total Pages : 730 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries by : Shri Ramaswamy

Download or read book Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries written by Shri Ramaswamy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation and purification processes play a critical role in biorefineries and their optimal selection, design and operation to maximise product yields and improve overall process efficiency. Separations and purifications are necessary for upstream processes as well as in maximising and improving product recovery in downstream processes. These processes account for a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs and also are highly energy intensive. Consequently, a better understanding of separation and purification processes, current and possible alternative and novel advanced methods is essential for achieving the overall techno-economic feasibility and commercial success of sustainable biorefineries. This book presents a comprehensive overview focused specifically on the present state, future challenges and opportunities for separation and purification methods and technologies in biorefineries. Topics covered include: Equilibrium Separations: Distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. Affinity-Based Separations: Adsorption, ion exchange, and simulated moving bed technologies. Membrane Based Separations: Microfiltration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration, nanofiltration, membrane pervaporation, and membrane distillation. Solid-liquid Separations: Conventional filtration and solid-liquid extraction. Hybrid/Integrated Reaction-Separation Systems: Membrane bioreactors, extractive fermentation, reactive distillation and reactive absorption. For each of these processes, the fundamental principles and design aspects are presented, followed by a detailed discussion and specific examples of applications in biorefineries. Each chapter also considers the market needs, industrial challenges, future opportunities, and economic importance of the separation and purification methods. The book concludes with a series of detailed case studies including cellulosic bioethanol production, extraction of algae oil from microalgae, and production of biopolymers. Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries is an essential resource for scientists and engineers, as well as researchers and academics working in the broader conventional and emerging bio-based products industry, including biomaterials, biochemicals, biofuels and bioenergy.

The Complete Technology Book on Detergents (2nd Revised Edition)

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Publisher : NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISBN 13 : 9381039194
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complete Technology Book on Detergents (2nd Revised Edition) by : NIIR Board of Consultants Engineers

Download or read book The Complete Technology Book on Detergents (2nd Revised Edition) written by NIIR Board of Consultants Engineers and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian detergent industry is about three decades old. An interesting and unique feature of detergent industry in India is the existence of non power operated units which do not use any electrical power for the production of detergent powder. But the production technology of detergents have been changed involving high technique in process control, more skilled personnel and requiring large input. There are various forms of detergents; liquid detergents, paste detergents, solid detergents etc. Whether in liquid or in powdered forms, present detergent products are complex mixtures of several ingredients including performance additives such as bleaches, bleach activators etc. The scope and spectrum of methods and techniques applied in detergent analysis have changed significantly during the last decade.. The book outlines features and experimental parameters for many essential procedures, and emphasizes the latest techniques and methods. This book emphasizes practical aspects of detergent production with latest development and other special products based on synthetic surfactants. This book basically deals with the builders, additives and components of detergents, recent developments in surfactant, manufacture of active Ingredients for detergents, manufacture of finished detergents, application and formulation of detergents, packaging of detergents, analysis of detergents, machinery photographs with their suppliers, directory of raw material suppliers etc.. This is an attempt to fill the need of those desirous of starting detergent industry in small scale sector and necessarily contains analytical methods for testing and evaluation of raw as well as final products. TAGS Active Ingredients for Detergents, Analysis of Detergents, best small and cottage scale industries, book on detergent manufacturing, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan, Ideas, Small Scale Industry, Cleaning Products, components of detergents, detergent Business: Profitable Small Scale Manufacturing, detergent Flow sheet, Detergent Formulation Consulting In India, detergent Ingredients, detergent Making Formula, detergent Making Formula Pdf, Detergent making Ingredients, detergent making machine factory, detergent Making Plant, detergent Making Process Pdf, detergent Making Process Video, detergent Making Raw Material, detergent Making Small Business Manufacturing, Detergent Manufacturing Business, detergent Manufacturing Industry in India, detergent Manufacturing Plant, detergent Manufacturing: Small Business Idea, Detergent Production Line, Detergent Raw Material - Washing Powder Raw Material Suppliers, detergent soap manufacturing process, Formulations of Detergent, General Wash Powders, Get started in small-scale detergent manufacturing business, Household Detergent, Household Laundry Detergent Powders, How Laundry Detergent Is Made - Material, Manufacture, Making, How to Make Detergent, How to Manufacture Detergent and Cleaning Products, how to manufacture detergents in India, How to Set Up Start detergent Manufacturing Business in India, How to Start : Detergent & Washing Powder Business in India, How to Start a detergent manufacturing business?, How to Start a Powdered Detergent Plant, How to Start detergent Manufacturing Industry in India, Industrial Detergents, Ingredients - Laundry Detergent – Recipe, Introduction to Detergents, Laundry Detergent Production, Laundry Detergents Formulation - Chemistry in Surfactants, Liquid Detergents Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Detergent Cakes, Manufacturing of detergent, modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable detergent Manufacturing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in detergent Manufacturing industry, Powder Detergent Manufacturing Process, process of Detergent, Process technology books, Profile on the Production of Detergent, profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Manufacture of Soaps & Detergents, Project Consultancy for the Manufacturing of Detergent, Recent Developments in Surfactant Synthesis, Setting up and opening your detergent manufacturing Business, Setting up of detergent Manufacturing Units, setup a detergent industry, Small scale Commercial detergent making, Starting a detergent Manufacturing Business, Surfactant, Synthetic Detergent Powder, Synthetic-Detergents-Manufacturing Process, Technology, Applications, The Formula, Composition and Manufacturing of Detergent, The Product Formulation and Procedure of detergent, Washing Powder Manufacturing Plant, Washing Soap and Detergent, What Is the Production Process for Powder Detergent?

Natural Products in the Chemical Industry

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642544614
Total Pages : 844 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Products in the Chemical Industry by : Bernd Schaefer

Download or read book Natural Products in the Chemical Industry written by Bernd Schaefer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Products in the Chemical Industry is not a conventional textbook, but rather an invitation to join an entertaining journey that takes you into the fascinating world of natural products. This book features diverse compound classes from a number of areas: colourants, fragrances and flavourings, amino acids, pharmaceuticals, hormones, vitamins and agrochemicals. Whether you are a teacher or a scholar, an undergraduate or graduate student, a professional chemist in industry or academia, or someone just interested in natural sciences, this book allows you to be inspired and entertained by facts and information along with enjoyable anecdotes, historical, economic, political, biological and social considerations. Experts in the field can have a pleasurable time cruising through captivating synthesis methods, which enable the generation of complex molecules on industrial scale. This book · deals with the manufacturing of larger quantities of complex molecules (asymmetric and heterocyclic compounds, polycyclic structures, macrocycles and small rings) · displays all reaction schemes in colour, which makes them easy to read · highlights aesthetics and elegance in modern industrial organic chemistry

Handbook of Enology, Volume 1

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470010355
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Enology, Volume 1 by : Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon

Download or read book Handbook of Enology, Volume 1 written by Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "Microbiology" volume of the new revised and updated Handbook of Enology focuses on the vinification process. It describes how yeasts work and how they can be influenced to achieve better results. It continues to look at the metabolism of lactic acid bacterias and of acetic acid bacterias, and again, how can they be treated to avoid disasters in the winemaking process and how to achieve optimal results. The last chapters in the book deal with the use of sulfur-dioxide, the grape and its maturation process, harvest and pre-fermentation treatment, and the basis of red, white and speciality wine making. The result is the ultimate text and reference on the science and technology of the vinification process: understanding and dealing with yeasts and bacterias involved in the transformation from grape to wine. A must for all serious students and practitioners involved in winemaking.