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Heterogeneity In The Crust And Upper Mantle
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Book Synopsis Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle by : John A. Goff
Download or read book Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle written by John A. Goff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of our knowledge about the physical structure and the chemical composition of the Earth's deep interior is inferred from seismic data. The interpretation of seismic waves generally follows the assumption that the Earth's physical structure is grossly layered and that fluctuations of the physical parameters within individual layers are smooth in structure and small in magnitude. While this view greatly facilitates the analytic and interpretative procedure, it is clearly at odds with evidence from outcrops and boreholes, which indicates that compositional, structural and petrophysical heterogeneity in the Earth prevails over a wide range of scales. This book is the first to unify three different views of crustal and upper mantle heterogeneity. It brings together the geological view, which is derived from the analysis of crustal exposures and deep boreholes; the stochastic view, which attempts to find order and structure in these seemingly chaotic data; and the seismological view, which considers the end product of the complex interaction of seismic energy with the heterogeneous structure at depth. John Goff and Klaus Holliger have compiled chapters that explore and quantify the relationship between geological and petrophysical heterogeneity and its seismic response, and use seismic data to probe the fabric of the Earth's interior. Geologists, geostaticians, and geophysicists alike will benefit from the integrative perspective presented in Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle: Nature, Scaling, and Seismic Properties, making this text an unparalleled reference for professionals and students in Earth science fields.
Book Synopsis The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle by : Amir Khan
Download or read book The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle written by Amir Khan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the secrets of the evolution of our planet. This series of topical reviews and original contributions address 4 themes. Theme 1 covers topics in geophysics, including global and regional seismic tomography, electrical conductivity and seismic imaging of mantle discontinuities and heterogeneities in the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Theme 2 addresses geochemical views of the mantle including lithospheric evolution from analysis of mantle xenoliths, composition of the deep Earth and the effect of water on subduction-zone processes. Theme 3 discusses geodynamical perspectives on the global thermo-chemical structure of the deep mantle. Theme 4 covers application of mineral physics data and phase equilibrium computations to infer the regional-scale thermo-chemical structure of the mantle.
Book Synopsis New Theory of the Earth by : Don L. Anderson
Download or read book New Theory of the Earth written by Don L. Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-12 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of the Earth is an interdisciplinary advanced textbook on the origin, composition, and evolution of the Earth's interior: geophysics, geochemistry, dynamics, convection, mineralogy, volcanism, energetics and thermal history. This is the only book on the whole landscape of deep Earth processes which ties together all the strands of the subdisciplines. It is a complete update of Anderson's Theory of the Earth (1989). It includes many new sections and dozens of new figures and tables. As with the original book, this new edition will prove to be a stimulating textbook on advanced courses in geophysics, geochemistry, and planetary science, and supplementary textbook on a wide range of other advanced Earth science courses. It will also be an essential reference and resource for all researchers in the solid Earth sciences.
Book Synopsis The Dynamic Structure of the Deep Earth by : Shun-Ichiro Karato
Download or read book The Dynamic Structure of the Deep Earth written by Shun-Ichiro Karato and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-26 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions by : Hauke Marquardt
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis The Lithosphere by : Irina Artemieva
Download or read book The Lithosphere written by Irina Artemieva and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a coherent synthesis of lithosphere studies, this book covers a range of geophysical methods (seismic reflection, refraction, and receiver function methods; elastic and anelastic seismic tomography; electromagnetic and magnetotelluric methods; thermal, gravity and rheological models), complemented by petrologic and laboratory data on rock properties. It also provides a critical discussion of the uncertainties, assumptions, and resolution issues that are inherent in the different methods and models of the lithosphere. Multidisciplinary in scope, global in geographical extent, and covering a wide variety of tectonics settings across 3.5 billion years of Earth history, this book presents a comprehensive overview of lithospheric structure and evolution. It is a core reference for researchers and advanced students in geophysics, geodynamics, tectonics, petrology, and geochemistry, and for petroleum and mining industry professionals.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics by : Harsh Gupta
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by Harsh Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
Book Synopsis The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle by : Pembroke J. Hart
Download or read book The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle written by Pembroke J. Hart and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1969 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Upper Mantle Heterogeneities from Active and Passive Seismology by : K. Fuchs
Download or read book Upper Mantle Heterogeneities from Active and Passive Seismology written by K. Fuchs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 600 km giving insight into the 3D structure of the upper mantle. These data are confronted with the requirements of the CTBT for 3D regional seismic models of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. The two primary purposes of the present work are, first, to present these seismic observations on super long-range profiles in digitised format, using peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) in the former USSR, and, second, to present the joint thoughts of experts from the deep seismic sounding (DSS) and the comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) communities. Implications for petrological and other earth science disciplines are presented. Audience: The CTBT community and earth scientists interested in the 3D structure of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system.
Download or read book Deep Carbon written by Beth N. Orcutt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth : Second Edition by : Haruo Sato
Download or read book Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth : Second Edition written by Haruo Sato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-28 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic waves - generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources - have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or spherical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda waves, have shown that there are heterogeneities of random size scattered randomly throughout the layers of the classic seismic model. This book focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed. The second edition especially includes new observational facts such as the spatial variation of medium inhomogeneities and the temporal change in scattering characteristics and recent theoretical developments in the envelope synthesis in random media for the last ten years. Mathematics is thoroughly rewritten for improving the readability. Written for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students of geophysics or planetary sciences, this book should also be of interest to civil engineers, seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave propagation through inhomogeneous elastic media.
Book Synopsis A Continent Revealed by : D. J. Blundell
Download or read book A Continent Revealed written by D. J. Blundell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-11-27 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific achievements of the European Geotraverse Committee (EGT) are presented in this unique study of the tectonic evolution of the continent of Europe and the first comprehensive cross section of the continental lithosphere.
Book Synopsis Seismic Exploration of the Deep Continental Crust by : Dirk Gajewski
Download or read book Seismic Exploration of the Deep Continental Crust written by Dirk Gajewski and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DEKORP, the German continental reflection seismic program, was the major focus of deep seismic research in Germany in the 1980s and 1990s. The seismic sections provided fundamental new insight into deep geological structure of the European continent and the dynamics of continental formation. They formed the basis for worldwide comparative studies of orogenic structure. The complicated signature of the reflections from the deep crust indicated that new processing and interpretation techniques must be considered to better image the crystalline crust. Results of these efforts, including pre-stack migration, 3-D imaging, shear waves and seismic anisotropy, are presented in this special volume. In part, the articles open the perspective to new and future research. In part, they document research activity triggered by technical and interpretational questions raised by DEKORP field work and profiling results. Many of the presented methods can find immediate application in industrial seismic prospecting.
Book Synopsis Problems and Methods for Lithospheric Exploration by : Roberto Cassinis
Download or read book Problems and Methods for Lithospheric Exploration written by Roberto Cassinis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains several contributions among those held at the fourth Course of the International School of Applied Geophysics, Erice, March 15-24, 1982. The content has been arranged according to the three main topics covered during the course: the goedynamic models, the contribution of geophysics to their construction and the optimization and constrains of the exploration methods. At the end of the volume, four short notes are published, written by participants to the course and related to the general subject. It is regrettable that not all the lectures and discussions are available for publication in this volume. However, it is hoped that the papers presented here will stimulate further discussions and suggest new topics for future meetings. R.Cassinis v CONTENTS 1 Introductory note R Cassinis Global seismology and the investigation of deep 5 continental structure G Nolet The relation between superficial and deep structure of 23 the Caucasus region and possible geodynamic model V N Sholpo Seismicity and crustal structure in the Italian region: 53 a preliminary zoning R Cassinis 93 Structure seismology I P Kosminskaya Main features of crustal structures in mediterranean 113 collisional zones P Giese Potentia~ and constraints of near vertical reflection 133 seismics in non-sedimentary deep formations K Helbig and J Schmoll Geoelectrical deep explorations by means of direct currents L Alfano 179 Reflection profiling of the continental crust R Phinney Evidence for a strong crust-mantle boundary undulation in the TYrrhenian sea from a refraction seismic 183 survey C B!)ttcher
Book Synopsis Oceanic Hotspots by : Roger Hekinian
Download or read book Oceanic Hotspots written by Roger Hekinian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Hotspots provides a comprehensive overview of recent and ongoing research on intraplate volcanism in the ocean basins with special emphasis on the Pacific Ocean. The geology of the seamounts and their associated seamount chains is described, along with detailed geophysical, geochemical and hydrothermal observations made by a multi-disciplinary group of marine geoscientists. These observations lead to a deeper understanding of how the ascending mantle melts, represented by hotspots, are able to penetrate the lithosphere, build seamounts, and enhance hydrothermal circulation. The "fixed" hotspot-generated seamount chains also provide key constraints on plate tectonic reconstructions on the Earth's crust.
Book Synopsis Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States by : Louis Charles Pakiser
Download or read book Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States written by Louis Charles Pakiser and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1989 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review and evaluation of our knowledge of the structure of the crust and upper mantle of the continental United States, exclusive of Alaska, as determined from geophysical observations. Covers geophysical methods of studying the crust and upper mantle; a region-by-region review of crustal and upper-mantle structure; continental overviews based on the different geophysical methods; and geologic and petrologic syntheses based largely on the geophysical results.
Book Synopsis High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’99 by : E. Krause
Download or read book High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’99 written by E. Krause and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains reports about the most significant projects from science and engineering of the Federal High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). They were carefully selected in a peer-review process and are showcases of an innovative combination of state-of-the-art modeling, novel algorithms and the use of leading-edge parallel computer technology. The projects of HLRS are using supercomputer systems operated jointly by university and industry and therefore a special emphasis has been put on the industrial relevance of results and methods.
