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Hepatitis B And The Prevention Of Primary Cancer Of The Liver
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Book Synopsis Hepatitis B And The Prevention Of Primary Cancer Of The Liver by : Baruch S Blumberg
Download or read book Hepatitis B And The Prevention Of Primary Cancer Of The Liver written by Baruch S Blumberg and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-11-07 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book comprises a narrative account of research on the hepatitis B virus (and related subjects) and selected reprints from the laboratory of Nobel laureate Baruch S Blumberg and his colleagues. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the ten most common deadly infectious diseases and is responsible for 1.1 million deaths a year worldwide.Research in his laboratory resulted in the discovery of HBV and the invention of the vaccine which protects one against it. The research began as an apparently esoteric study of human biochemical and immunologic variation. This required field-work in Africa, the Arctic, the Pacific, the Americas, and in many other locations and populations. The overall goal was to identify inherited biological differences which were related to differing responses to disease-causing agents. The virus was discovered using the blood of an infected person who had developed the antibody, to detect the virus present in another infected person who had become a carrier of the virus. Screening of blood donors led to the near-elimination of post-transfusion hepatitis B.There are now national HBV vaccination programs in more than 70 countries. During the past decade these programs have strikingly reduced the prevalence of HBV in many countries and there has been a significant drop in the incidence of cancer of the liver in the vaccinated cohorts. The HBV vaccination program is now, after smoking cessation, the most widely used cancer prevention program in the world.
Book Synopsis Hepatitis and Liver Cancer by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Hepatitis and Liver Cancer written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global epidemic of hepatitis B and C is a serious public health problem. Hepatitis B and C are the major causes of chronic liver disease and liver cancer in the world. In the next 10 years, 150,000 people in the United States will die from liver disease or liver cancer associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Today, between 800,000 and 1.4 million people in the United States have chronic hepatitis B and between 2.7 and 3.9 million have chronic hepatitis C. People most at risk for hepatitis B and C often are the least likely to have access to medical services. Reducing the rates of illness and death associated with these diseases will require greater awareness and knowledge among health care workers, improved identification of at-risk people, and improved access to medical care. Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Although federal public health officials recommend that all newborns, children, and at-risk adults receive the vaccine, about 46,000 new acute cases of the HBV infection emerge each year, including 1,000 in infants who acquire the infection during birth from their HBV-positive mothers. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, which is transmitted by direct exposure to infectious blood. Hepatitis and Liver Cancer identifies missed opportunities related to the prevention and control of HBV and HCV infections. The book presents ways to reduce the numbers of new HBV and HCV infections and the morbidity and mortality related to chronic viral hepatitis. It identifies priorities for research, policy, and action geared toward federal, state, and local public health officials, stakeholder, and advocacy groups and professional organizations.
Book Synopsis Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Testing and diagnosis of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection is the gateway for access to both prevention and treatment services, and is a crucial component of an effective response to the hepatitis epidemic. Early identification of persons with chronic HBV or HCV infection enables them to receive the necessary care and treatment to prevent or delay progression of liver disease. Testing also provides an opportunity to link people to interventions to reduce transmission, through counselling on risk behaviors and provision of prevention commodities (such as sterile needles and syringes) and hepatitis B vaccination. These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection. These guidelines outline the public health approach to strengthening and expanding current testing practices for HBV and HCV, and are intended for use across age groups and populations.
Book Synopsis Hepatocellular Carcinoma by : Yujin Hoshida
Download or read book Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yujin Hoshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current limitations and unmet needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also provides newly emerging concepts, approaches, and technologies to address challenges. Topics covered include changing landscape of HCC etiologies in association with health disparities, framework of clinical management algorithm, new and experimental modalities of HCC diagnosis and prognostication, multidisciplinary treatment options including rapidly evolving molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies, multi-omics molecular characterization, and clinically relevant experimental models. The book is intended to assist collaboration between the diverse disciplines and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological trend and population-level patient management strategies, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, recent advances in the standard care and novel therapeutic approaches, and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools, by experts and opinion leaders in their respective fields. By thoroughly and concisely covering whole aspects of HCC care, Hepatocellular Carcinoma serves as a valuable reference for multidisciplinary readers, and promotes the development of personalized precision care strategies that lead to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.
Book Synopsis Viruses and Human Cancer by : Mei Hwei Chang
Download or read book Viruses and Human Cancer written by Mei Hwei Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on oncogenic viruses and related human cancers has advanced rapidly in the past decade. Most articles, however, focus on a specific oncogenic virus and cancer. There is consequently a need for a comprehensive, up-to-date monograph that offers broad and integrated knowledge. Viruses and Human Cancer – From Basic Science to Clinical Prevention is designed to meet this need by providing an advanced overview on the basic and clinical aspects of oncogenic viruses and the human cancers that they cause. Virology, virus-induced inflammation and tissue injuries, oncogenic mechanisms, epidemiology, and current and emerging preventive and therapeutic strategies are all discussed in detail. In addition, the book covers the individual aspects of seven oncogenic viruses, i.e., hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, and the related human cancers.
Book Synopsis Hepatitis B and the Prevention of Primary Cancer of the Liver by : Baruch S. Blumberg
Download or read book Hepatitis B and the Prevention of Primary Cancer of the Liver written by Baruch S. Blumberg and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book comprises a narrative account of research on the hepatitis B virus (and related subjects) and selected reprints from the laboratory of Nobel laureate Baruch S Blumberg and his colleagues. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the ten most common deadly infectious diseases and is responsible for 1.1 million deaths a year worldwide.Research in his laboratory resulted in the discovery of HBV and the invention of the vaccine which protects one against it. The research began as an apparently esoteric study of human biochemical and immunologic variation. This required field-work in Africa, the Arctic, the Pacific, the Americas, and in many other locations and populations. The overall goal was to identify inherited biological differences which were related to differing responses to disease-causing agents. The virus was discovered using the blood of an infected person who had developed the antibody, to detect the virus present in another infected person who had become a carrier of the virus. Screening of blood donors led to the near-elimination of post-transfusion hepatitis B.There are now national HBV vaccination programs in more than 70 countries. During the past decade these programs have strikingly reduced the prevalence of HBV in many countries and there has been a significant drop in the incidence of cancer of the liver in the vaccinated cohorts. The HBV vaccination program is now, after smoking cessation, the most widely used cancer prevention program in the world.
Download or read book Hepatitis B written by Baruch S. Blumberg and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 375 million people are infected with the hepatitis B virus. It has killed more people than AIDS and also causes millions of cases of liver cancer. The discovery of this deadly virus and the vaccine against it--a vaccine that is sharply decreasing the infection rate worldwide and is probably the first effective cancer vaccine--was one of the great triumphs of twentieth-century medicine. And it almost didn't happen. With wit and insight, this scientific memoir and story of discovery describes how Baruch Blumberg and a team of researchers found a virus they were not looking for and created a vaccine for a disease they previously knew little about--work that took the author around the world and won him the Nobel Prize. Blumberg and his collaborators were investigating relationships between gene distribution and disease susceptibility, research that was yielding interesting data but no real breakthroughs. Many viewed their work as more field trip than science. But, through decades of hard work and investigative twists and turns, their pursuit led to the hepatitis B antigen, the elusive virus itself, and, ultimately, the vaccine. As he takes the reader through the detective work that culminated in his incredible discovery, the author recounts with immediacy exciting moments in the lab and in the field--from a hair-raising flight to Africa to an unpleasant encounter with Alaskan sled dogs. The hepatitis B story is more than a fascinating chronicle of a major discovery. What Blumberg followed to the virus was a trail of remarkable "accidents" that happen when scientists seek answers to interesting questions. Those events, combined with the investigator's determined persistence, resulted in studies that generated a pharmaceutical industry, have far-flung public-health applications, and saved millions of lives.
Book Synopsis Prevention of Occurrence and Recurrence of Human Hepatocarcinogenesis by : Soo Ryang Kim
Download or read book Prevention of Occurrence and Recurrence of Human Hepatocarcinogenesis written by Soo Ryang Kim and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in Asia. The annual incidence in both Japan and South Korea exceeds 30 cases per 100,000 and is predicted to continue increasing. This special issue explores the feasibility of delaying or preventing the occurrence and recurrence of human hepatocarcinogenesis in Asian countries, especially in Japan and South Korea. The underlying cause of HCC is different in these two countries: whereas in Japan up to 15% of the cases are caused by HBV infection and ~80% by HCV infection, the corresponding figures in South Korea are ~70% and ~20%. Recent data have shown that interferon (IFN) treatment is effective in delaying or preventing the occurrence and recurrence of HCC attributed to HCV infection. A randomized control study has demonstrated that the administration of IFN or acyclic retinoid significantly reduces the incidence of secondary HCC in patients who undergo curative removal of the primary HCC. Nevertheless, IFN and lamivudine therapy for the prevention of HCC in hepatitis B remain to be elucidated. Providing a broad range of state-of-the-art articles, this publication will be of benefit to clinicians and investigators working in the areas of hepatology, viral hepatitis and gastroenterology.
Book Synopsis Hepatitis B Virus and Primary Liver Cancer: an Exploratory Study in Upstate New York by : Barry Steven Cohen
Download or read book Hepatitis B Virus and Primary Liver Cancer: an Exploratory Study in Upstate New York written by Barry Steven Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Hepatitis B Prevention and Treatment by : David William Hutton
Download or read book Global Hepatitis B Prevention and Treatment written by David William Hutton and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatitis B (HBV) is a vaccine-preventable viral disease that, if untreated, can lead to death from liver disease in 25 percent of patients. Infection with HBV is a major global public health problem, particularly in Asian populations. In an era of limited healthcare budgets, mathematical models can be useful tools to identify cost-effective programs and to support policymakers in making informed decisions. This dissertation describes research on public health policies related to screening, vaccination, and treatment for HBV. It also describe contributions to the theoretical literature on when to stop catch-up vaccination for chronic infectious diseases. In the United States as many as 10% of Asian and Pacific Islander adults are chronically infected with HBV, and up to two thirds are unaware that they are infected. Using Markov models of infection, treatment and disease, I find that screening programs for HBV among Asian and Pacific Islander adults are likely to be cost effective and have clinically significant benefits from identifying chronically infected persons for medical management. Liver disease associated with childhood-acquired HBV is a leading cause of death among adults in China. Approximately 20% of children under age 5 years and 40% of children aged 5 to 19 years remain unprotected from HBV. Using a Markov model of infection and disease progression I find that HBV catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents in China would improve the health of the population and save costs over the long term. Although the 20th century has seen incredible development of safe and effective vaccines, many people remain susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. "Catch-up vaccination" for age groups beyond infancy can be an attractive and effective means of immunizing people who were missed earlier. However, as vaccination rates increase, catch-up vaccination may become less attractive. This chapter addresses the question of when to discontinue catch-up vaccination programs as immunization rates increase. I use a cost-effectiveness framework: I consider the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained of catch-up vaccination efforts, as a function of immunization rates over time and consequent disease prevalence and incidence. I illustrate the results with the example of HBV catch-up vaccination in China. I contrast results from a dynamic modeling approach with an approach that ignores the impact of vaccination on disease incidence.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309438020 Total Pages :187 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the first of two, examines the feasibility of hepatitis B and C elimination in the United States and identifies critical success factors. The phase two report will outline a strategy for meeting the elimination goals discussed in this report.
Book Synopsis Guideline for stratified screening and surveillance in patients with high risk of primary liver cancer (2020) by : Huiguo Ding
Download or read book Guideline for stratified screening and surveillance in patients with high risk of primary liver cancer (2020) written by Huiguo Ding and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The age-adjusted incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC) has been declining in China. However, PLC cases in China account for 55% globally. The disease burden is still high and the five-year survival rate has not improved significantly in the past two decades. This guideline outlines PLC screening in populations with high risk, both in the hospital and community settings. Liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B are the main causes of PLC in China. For better PLC surveillance and screening in clinical practices, it is recommended that these populations be stratified into four risk levels, namely, low-, intermediate-, high-, and extremely high-risk. A lifelong surveillance is suggested for those with risks of PLC. The intervals and tools for surveillance and screening are recommended based on risk levels. Abdominal ultrasonography combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein tests (routine surveillance) is recommended every 6 months for high risk PLC. Routine surveillance every 3 months and enhanced CT/MRI examinations every 6-12 months is recommended for those with extremely high risk of PLC. The surveillance interval can be extended to one year or longer for those with low or intermediate risk because the annual incidence of low risk PLC is relatively low. The cost-effectiveness of these recommendations remains to be evaluated.
Book Synopsis Hepatitis B: The Virus, the Disease and the Vaccine by : Irving Millman
Download or read book Hepatitis B: The Virus, the Disease and the Vaccine written by Irving Millman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1984-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toby K. Eisenstein Symposium Committee Chairperson Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 This symposium is the thirteenth biennial clinical microbiology program sponsored by the Eastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for Microbiology in cooperation with the Philadelphia area medical schools and the Bureau of Laboratories of the Pennsylvania Department of Health. This year a generous contribution from Merck, Sharp and Dohme has helped to make the program a reality. The subject matter for this symposium represents an attractive spectrum of medical, biological and molecular approaches to the practical solution of a public health prob1em--name1y, prevention of infection with the hepatitis B virus. The symposium may be unique in that it focuses on a product which was first marketed less than three months ago, but included in the program are presen tations on two new approaches to hepatitis B vaccine production which may replace the one which is newly unveiled. The rapidity of progress in our present era of biological research is indeed astonishing.
Download or read book Liver Tumors written by Helen Reeves and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prognosis for individuals with liver cancer is frequently poor. Cancers include those which have metastasized to the liver from elsewhere, reflecting advanced stage disease where cure is rarely possible. Similarly, primary liver cancer frequently complicates chronic liver disease, which further limits therapeutic options. Despite these dismal facts, there are signs that change is imminent. Not only have imaging modalities and surgical techniques improved, but preventive strategies and medical therapies show promise. The topic of liver tumors is comprehensively reviewed in this book, with a focus on recent developments relevant to both researchers and clinicians.
Book Synopsis Liver Disease in Children by : Frederick J. Suchy
Download or read book Liver Disease in Children written by Frederick J. Suchy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver disease in children is increasing in prevalence, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems and often requiring long-term management. Offering an integrative approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology, this is the definitive reference text for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. In the new edition of this authoritative text, chapters have been thoroughly revised in line with major advances in the field, such as recognizing the increased frequency of fatty liver disease, and how genetic testing has the potential to establish earlier diagnoses for a variety of diseases. Disorders covered include cholestasis, metabolic disorders and hepatitis, with their presentation across the spectrum of infancy, childhood and adolescence discussed. The indications and surgical aspects of liver transplant are explained and post-transplant care is described in detail. This is a valuable resource for pediatricians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists and all clinicians involved in the care of children with liver diseases.
Book Synopsis Liver Cancer Awareness by : Jessie Smith
Download or read book Liver Cancer Awareness written by Jessie Smith and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-12-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver cancer awareness is crucial to educate people about the risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of this often silent but deadly disease. Regular check-ups, lifestyle changes, and early detection can make a significant difference in preventing and treating liver cancer. Spread the word and support organizations dedicated to liver cancer awareness to make a positive impact. Liver cancer, professionally known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignancy that originates in the liver's cells, primarily in hepatocytes. It is one of the most common forms of primary liver cancer. Liver cancer can result from chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis B or C infection, excessive alcohol consumption, or other risk factors. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the prognosis of liver cancer patients. It's important to note that many of these symptoms can be caused by various other conditions, and having one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have liver cancer. If you experience persistent or worsening symptoms, especially if you have risk factors for liver cancer, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection is crucial for the best outcomes in the treatment of liver cancer.
Download or read book Liver Cancer written by Felix Lee and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary liver cancer occurs when cancerous (malignant) cells begin to grow in the tissues of liver. Although many cancers are on the decline, the incidence of primary liver cancer in the United States increased over 70 percent between 1975 and 1995. The increase is linked to rising rates of hepatitis B and C infection -- the leading causes of liver cancer. Far more common than primary liver cancer, however, is cancer that occurs when tumours from other parts of the body spread (metastasize) to the liver. The liver is especially vulnerable to invasion by tumour cells and with the exception of the lymph nodes, is the most common site of metastasis. There are two main kinds of liver cancer. Hepatoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Heptoma is cancer of the hepatocytes. (The main functioning liver cell). Hepatoma is primary liver cancer. Hepatoma usually grows in the liver as a ball-like tumour, invading the normal tissue surrounding it. Cancer of the bile duct cells is called cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinoma originates in the bile ducts and is often caused by infestation with the liver fluke Clonorchis (a parasite). The cancer grows along the bile ducts in sheets or lines, and is difficult to find on X-ray studies. This book presents the latest new research developments from around the world in the field of liver cancer.
