Heat Conversion Systems

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849389283
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat Conversion Systems by : Georg Alefeld

Download or read book Heat Conversion Systems written by Georg Alefeld and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-09-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat Conversion Systems develops the underlying concepts of advanced Rankine-based absorption and compression cycles and introduces the Building Block Approach as a general concept. The Building Block Approach identifies all cycle configurations for a given application to ensure that system designers have available all important alternatives. The book features numerous examples of advanced cycles and includes single- and multi-stage absorption heat pumps and heat transformers and combined systems. The book also discusses single- and multi-stage vapor compression systems with multiple solution circuits, multiple compressors, and cascades. Aspects of working fluid selection and their influence on cycle options, performance evaluation, and estimating procedures for the Coefficient of Performance (COP) are addressed. Cycle analysis based on the Second Laws of Thermodynamics is examined. Heat Conversion Systems will be an important source for engineers in air-conditioning, heat pumping, refrigeration, and waste heat utilization. It can be used as text in courses on thermodynamics, efficient use of energy, and environmental protection.

Solar Energy Conversion Systems

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973155
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Energy Conversion Systems by : Jeffrey R. S. Brownson

Download or read book Solar Energy Conversion Systems written by Jeffrey R. S. Brownson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energy conversion requires a different mind-set from traditional energy engineering in order to assess distribution, scales of use, systems design, predictive economic models for fluctuating solar resources, and planning to address transient cycles and social adoption. Solar Energy Conversion Systems examines solar energy conversion as an integrative design process, applying systems thinking methods to a solid knowledge base for creators of solar energy systems. This approach permits different levels of access for the emerging broad audience of scientists, engineers, architects, planners, and economists. Traditional texts in solar energy engineering have often emerged from mechanical or chemical engineering fields. Instead, Solar Energy Conversion Systems approaches solar energy conversion from the perspectives of integrative design, environmental technology, sustainability science, and materials science in the wake of amazing new thin films, polymers, and glasses developed by the optoelectronics and semiconductor industries. This is a new solar text for the new generation of green job designers and developers. It's highlighted with vignettes that break down solar conversion into useful stories and provides common points of reference, as well as techniques, for effective estimation of evolving technologies. - Contextualizes solar conversion for systems design and implementation in practical applications - Provides a complete understanding of solar power, from underlying science to essential economic outcomes - Analytical approach emphasizes systems simulations from measured irradiance and weather data rather than estimations from "rules of thumb" - Emphasizes integrative design and solar utility, where trans-disciplinary teams can develop sustainable solar solutions that increase client well-being and ecosystems services for a given locale

Heat Conversion Systems

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000945480
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat Conversion Systems by : Georg Alefeld

Download or read book Heat Conversion Systems written by Georg Alefeld and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-14 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat Conversion Systems develops the underlying concepts of advanced Rankine-based absorption and compression cycles and introduces the Building Block Approach as a general concept. The Building Block Approach identifies all cycle configurations for a given application to ensure that system designers have available all important alternatives. The book features numerous examples of advanced cycles and includes single- and multi-stage absorption heat pumps and heat transformers and combined systems. The book also discusses single- and multi-stage vapor compression systems with multiple solution circuits, multiple compressors, and cascades. Aspects of working fluid selection and their influence on cycle options, performance evaluation, and estimating procedures for the Coefficient of Performance (COP) are addressed. Cycle analysis based on the Second Laws of Thermodynamics is examined. Heat Conversion Systems will be an important source for engineers in air-conditioning, heat pumping, refrigeration, and waste heat utilization. It can be used as text in courses on thermodynamics, efficient use of energy, and environmental protection.

Renewable energy conversion systems

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128235985
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable energy conversion systems by : Muhammad Kamran

Download or read book Renewable energy conversion systems written by Muhammad Kamran and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems goes beyond theoretical aspects of advances in renewable energy and addresses future trends. By focusing on the design of developing technologies, relevant operation and detailed background and an understanding of the application of power electronics and thermodynamics processes in renewable energy, this book provides an analysis of advancing energy systems. The book will be of interest to engineering graduates, researchers, professors and industry professionals involved in the renewable energy sector and is ideal for advanced engineering courses dealing with renewable energy, sources, thermal and electrical energy production and sustainability. With increasing focus on developing low carbon energy production, audiences need to have the engineering knowledge and practical skills to develop and implement creative solutions to engineering problems encountered with renewable energy technologies. By looking at renewable energy capture and conversion, system design and analysis, project development and implementation, each modular chapter examines recent advances in specific renewable energy systems with detailed methods, calculations and worked examples. - Includes recent techniques used to design and model different renewable energy sources (RES) - Demonstrates how to use power electronics in renewable systems - Discusses how to identify, design, integrate and operate the most suitable technologies through key problems

Exergy Analysis for Energy Conversion Systems

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108573797
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Exergy Analysis for Energy Conversion Systems by : Efstathios Michaelides

Download or read book Exergy Analysis for Energy Conversion Systems written by Efstathios Michaelides and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover a straightforward and holistic look at energy conversion and conservation processes using the exergy concept with this thorough text. Explains the fundamental energy conversion processes in numerous diverse systems, ranging from jet engines and nuclear reactors to human bodies. Provides examples for applications to practical energy conversion processes and systems that use our naturally occurring energy resources, such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind, geothermal, and nuclear fuels. With more than one-hundred diverse cases and solved examples, readers will be able to perform optimizations for a cleaner environment, a sustainable energy future, and affordable energy generation. An essential tool for practicing scientists and engineers who work or do research in the area of energy and exergy, as well as graduate students and faculty in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and physics.

Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483287572
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems by : C.G. Granqvist

Download or read book Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems written by C.G. Granqvist and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid advances in materials technology are creating many novel forms of coatings for energy efficient applications in solar energy. Insulating heat mirrors, selective absorbers, transparent insulation and fluorescent concentrators are already available commercially. Radiative cooling, electrochromic windows and polymeric light pipes hold promise for future development, while chemical and photochemical processes are being considered for energy storage. This book investigates new material advances as well as applications, costs, reliability and industrial production of existing materials. Each contribution represents a landmark in the field of materials science.

Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Devices and Systems

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Publisher : Wspc Advanced Integration and
ISBN 13 : 9789811218262
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Devices and Systems by : Ali Shakouri

Download or read book Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Devices and Systems written by Ali Shakouri and published by Wspc Advanced Integration and. This book was released on 2021-04-25 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique compendium emphasizes key factors driving the performance of thermoelectric energy conversion systems. Important design parameters such as heat transfer at the boundaries of the system, material properties, and form factors are carefully analyzed and optimized for performance including the cost-performance trade-off. Numbers of examples are provided on the applications of thermoelectric technologies, e.g., power generation, cooling of electronic components, and waste heat recovery in wearable devices.This must-have volume also includes an interactive modeling software package developed on the nanoHUB (https: //nanohub.org/) platform. Professionals, researchers, academics, undergraduate and graduate students will be able to study the impact of material properties and key design parameters on the overall thermoelectric system performance as well as the large scale implementation in the society

Combined Heat and Power

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128129093
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Combined Heat and Power by : Paul Breeze

Download or read book Combined Heat and Power written by Paul Breeze and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combined Heat and Power Generation is a concise, up-to-date and accessible guide to the combined delivery of heat and power to anything, from a single home to a municipal power plant. Breeze discusses the historical background for CHP and why it is set to be a key emission control strategy for the 21st Century. Various technologies such as piston engines, gas turbines and fuel cells are discussed. Economic and environmental factors also are considered and analyzed, making this a very valuable resource for those involved with the research, design, implementation and management of the provision of heat and power. - Discusses the historical background of combined heat and power usage and why CHP is seen as a key emission control strategy for the 21st Century - Explores the technological aspects of CHP in a clear and concise style and delves into various key technologies, such as piston engines, steam and gas turbines and fuel cells - Evaluates the economic factors of CHP and the installation of generation systems, along with energy conversion efficiencies

Thermodynamics and Energy Conversion

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662437155
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermodynamics and Energy Conversion by : Henning Struchtrup

Download or read book Thermodynamics and Energy Conversion written by Henning Struchtrup and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook gives a thorough treatment of engineering thermodynamics with applications to classical and modern energy conversion devices. Some emphasis lies on the description of irreversible processes, such as friction, heat transfer and mixing and the evaluation of the related work losses. Better use of resources requires high efficiencies therefore the reduction of irreversible losses should be seen as one of the main goals of a thermal engineer. This book provides the necessary tools. Topics include: car and aircraft engines, including Otto, Diesel and Atkinson cycles, by-pass turbofan engines, ramjet and scramjet; steam and gas power plants, including advanced regenerative systems, solar tower and compressed air energy storage; mixing and separation, including reverse osmosis, osmotic power plants and carbon sequestration; phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium, distillation, chemical reactors, combustion processes and fuel cells; the microscopic definition of entropy. The book includes about 300 end-of-chapter problems for homework assignments and exams. The material presented suffices for two or three full-term courses on thermodynamics and energy conversion.

Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion

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Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128204214
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion by : Alejandro Datas

Download or read book Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion written by Alejandro Datas and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion presents a comprehensive analysis of thermal energy storage systems operating at beyond 800°C. Editor Dr. Alejandro Datas and his team of expert contributors from a variety of regions summarize the main technological options and the most relevant materials and characterization considerations to enable the reader to make the most effective and efficient decisions.This book helps the reader to solve the very specific challenges associated with working within an ultra-high temperature energy storage setting. It condenses and summarizes the latest knowledge, covering fundamentals, device design, materials selection and applications, as well as thermodynamic cycles and solid-state devices for ultra-high temperature energy conversion.This book provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary guide to engineers and researchers in a variety of fields including energy conversion, storage, cogeneration, thermodynamics, numerical methods, CSP, and materials engineering. It firstly provides a review of fundamental concepts before exploring numerical methods for fluid-dynamics and phase change materials, before presenting more complex elements such as heat transfer fluids, thermal insulation, thermodynamic cycles, and a variety of energy conversation methods including thermophotovoltaic, thermionic, and combined heat and power. - Reviews the main technologies enabling ultra-high temperature energy storage and conversion, including both thermodynamic cycles and solid-state devices - Includes the applications for ultra-high temperature energy storage systems, both in terrestrial and space environments - Analyzes the thermophysical properties and relevant experimental and theoretical methods for the analysis of high-temperature materials

Energy

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319296507
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy by : Yaşar Demirel

Download or read book Energy written by Yaşar Demirel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding on the first edition, ‘Energy: Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling (2nd Ed.)’ provides readers with a practical understanding of the major aspects of energy. It includes extended chapters with revised data and additional practice problems as well as a new chapter examining sustainability and sustainable energy technologies. Like the first edition, it also explores topics such as energy production, conservation of energy, energy storage and energy coupling. Written for students across a range of engineering and science disciplines, it provides a comprehensive study guide. It is particularly suitable for courses in energy technology, sustainable energy technologies and energy conversion & management, and offers an ideal reference text for students, engineers, energy researchers and industry professionals. * Presents a clear introduction to the basic properties, forms and sources of energy * Includes a range of supporting figures, tables and thermodynamic diagrams * Provides course instructors with a solution manual for practice problems

Geothermal Heat Pump and Heat Engine Systems

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118961943
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Geothermal Heat Pump and Heat Engine Systems by : Andrew D. Chiasson

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pump and Heat Engine Systems written by Andrew D. Chiasson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique approach to the study of geothermal energy systems This book takes a unique, holistic approach to the interdisciplinary study of geothermal energy systems, combining low, medium, and high temperature applications into a logical order. The emphasis is on the concept that all geothermal projects contain common elements of a "thermal energy reservoir" that must be properly designed and managed. The book is organized into four sections that examine geothermal systems: energy utilization from resource and site characterization; energy harnessing; energy conversion (heat pumps, direct uses, and heat engines); and energy distribution and uses. Examples are provided to highlight fundamental concepts, in addition to more complex system design and simulation. Key features: Companion website containing software tools for application of fundamental principles and solutions to real-world problems. Balance of theory, fundamental principles, and practical application. Interdisciplinary treatment of the subject matter. Geothermal Heat Pump & Heat Engine Systems: Theory and Practice is a unique textbook for Energy Engineering and Mechanical Engineering students as well as practicing engineers who are involved with low-enthalpy geothermal energy systems.

Energy Systems

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0415685001
Total Pages : 1064 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Systems by : Renaud Gicquel

Download or read book Energy Systems written by Renaud Gicquel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered as particularly difficult by generations of students and engineers, thermodynamics applied to energy systems can now be taught with an original instruction method. Energy Systems applies a completely different approach to the calculation, application and theory of multiple energy conversion technologies. It aims to create the reader’s foundation for understanding and applying the design principles to all kinds of energy cycles, including renewable energy. Proven to be simpler and more reflective than existing methods, it deals with energy system modeling, instead of the thermodynamic foundations, as the primary objective. Although its style is drastically different from other textbooks, no concession is done to coverage: with encouraging pace, the complete range from basic thermodynamics to the most advanced energy systems is addressed. The accompanying ThermoptimTM portal (http://direns.mines-paristech.fr/Sites/Thopt/en/co/_Arborescence_web.html) presents the software and manuals (in English and French) to solve over 200 examples, and programming and design tools for exercises of all levels of complexity. The reader is explained how to build appropriate models to bridge the technological reality with the theoretical basis of energy engineering. Offering quick overviews through e-learning modules moreover, the portal is user-friendly and enables to quickly become fully operational. Students can freely download the ThermoptimTM modeling software demo version (in seven languages) and extended options are available to lecturers. A professional edition is also available and has been adopted by many companies and research institutes worldwide - www.thermoptim.org This volume is intended as for courses in applied thermodynamics, energy systems, energy conversion, thermal engineering to senior undergraduate and graduate-level students in mechanical, energy, chemical and petroleum engineering. Students should already have taken a first year course in thermodynamics. The refreshing approach and exceptionally rich coverage make it a great reference tool for researchers and professionals also. Contains International Units (SI).

Electric Renewable Energy Systems

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128006366
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Renewable Energy Systems by : Muhammad H. Rashid

Download or read book Electric Renewable Energy Systems written by Muhammad H. Rashid and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-25 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - This derivative volume stemming from content included in our seminal Power Electronics Handbook takes its chapters related to renewables and establishes them at the core of a new volume dedicated to the increasingly pivotal and as yet under-published intersection of Power Electronics and Alternative Energy. While this re-versioning provides a corollary revenue stream to better leverage our core handbook asset, it does more than simply re-package existing content. Each chapter will be significantly updated and expanded by more than 50%, and all new introductory and summary chapters will be added to contextualize and tie the volume together. Therefore, unlike traditional derivative volumes, we will be able to offer new and updated material to the market and include this largely original content in our ScienceDirect Energy collection. - Due to the inherently multi-disciplinary nature of renewables, many engineers come from backgrounds in Physics, Materials, or Chemical Engineering, and therefore do not have experience working in-depth with electronics. As more and more alternative and distributed energy systems require grid hook-ups and on-site storage, a working knowledge of batteries, inverters and other power electronics components becomes requisite. Further, as renewables enjoy broadening commercial implementation, power electronics professionals are interested to learn of the challenges and strategies particular to applications in alternative energy. This book will bring each group up-to-speed with the primary issues of importance at this technological node. - This content clarifies the juncture of two key coverage areas for our Energy portfolio: alternative sources and power systems. It serves to bridge the information in our power engineering and renewable energy lists, supporting the growing grid cluster in the former and adding key information on practical implementation to the latter. - Provides a thorough overview of the key technologies, methods and challenges for implementing power electronics in alternative energy systems for optimal power generation - Includes hard-to-find information on how to apply converters, inverters, batteries, controllers and more for stand-alone and grid-connected systems - Covers wind and solar applications, as well as ocean and geothermal energy, hybrid systems and fuel cells

Cyclic Heat to Work Conversion Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Gerbilnow
ISBN 13 : 0980711908
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyclic Heat to Work Conversion Systems by : Colin Dunstan

Download or read book Cyclic Heat to Work Conversion Systems written by Colin Dunstan and published by Gerbilnow. This book was released on 2009 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A little booklet, a lot of science.Science students today are confronted with a very different situation than that encountered by every previous generation.There is the enormously positive opportunity that comes from having available a body of scientific knowledge that has never before existed. Sir Isaac Newton wrote in 1676: If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.Imagine how much further we might see with understanding and access to all the works of the scientific giants who followed Newton. This same opportunity comes with the risk that students may feel so overwhelmed by the growing mountain of accumulated scientific knowledge that they will become discouraged. You can not see much if you remain in the shadow of a daunting mountain of knowledge built up by generations of scientists. With scientific knowledge forever growing we must steadily improve the paths by which it is made accessible and understandable to students from a young age. This booklet has been designed and written for this objective.

Solar Energy

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1906860750
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Energy by : Arno Smets

Download or read book Solar Energy written by Arno Smets and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview on the different aspects of solar energy, with a focus on photovoltaics, which is the technology that allows light energy to be converted into electric energy. Renewable energy sources have become increasingly popular in recent years, and solar is one of the most adaptable and attractive types – from solar farms to support the National Grid to roof panels/tiles used for solar thermal heating systems, and small solar garden lights. Written by Delft University researchers, Solar Energy uniquely covers both the physics of photovoltaic (PV) cells and the design of PV systems for real-life applications, from a concise history of solar cells components and location issues of current systems. The book is designed to make this complicated subject accessible to all, and is packed with fascinating graphs and charts, as well as useful exercises to cement the topics covered in each chapter. Solar Energy outlines the fundamental principles of semiconductor solar cells, as well as PV technology: crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film cells, PV modules, and third-generation concepts. There is also background on PV systems, from simple stand-alone to complex systems connected to the grid. This is an invaluable reference for physics students, researchers, industrial engineers and designers working in solar energy generation, as well those with a general interest in renewable energy.

The Meaning of Unity in Energy Conversion Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781650183657
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis The Meaning of Unity in Energy Conversion Systems by : James F Murray III

Download or read book The Meaning of Unity in Energy Conversion Systems written by James F Murray III and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initially, it had been assumed that a simple ratio computed by dividing the output power by the input power would provide a reliable yardstick for motor power efficiency. The basic idea was sound, for the closer the quotient came to unity, the nearer the motor efficiency would be to 100%. Hence began the so-called "Quest for Unity." However, early "electric engines" were very inefficient, probably delivering no more than 30% of the electrical input power to the output shaft. Therefore, it quickly became evident that not all the applied power was being converted to a mechanical output. Clearly, inefficiencies were involved, and they would have to be accounted for. Until this was complete, the simplified approach to establishing a Factor of Unity could not be realized. What is remarkable, in the history of motor development, is the curious degree of synergy that seems to have accompanied these early pioneering efforts. Between 1839 and 1850 the British Brew Master James Joule conducted an elegant series of experiments, in which he sought to unify electrical, chemical and thermal phenomena by demonstrating their inter-convertibility and their quantitative equivalence. The results of Joule's work were published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, with a very impressive title: "On the Mechanical Equivalence of Heat." The contributions of Lord Kelvin must be considered next. His paper, "The Dynamical Equivalent of Heat," published in 1851, contended that energy could be "lost to man irrecoverably; but not lost to the material world". Thomson was thus the first person to understand that all energy changes involve energy dissipation, and losses. During the second half of the nineteenth century Kelvin and other scientists, including Clausius, Rankine, Maxwell and, Boltzmann, continued to develop these ideas. Their combined efforts resulted in the establishment of the Science of Thermodynamics; with Conservation of Energy as its First Law and the Dissipation of Energy as its Second Law. Accordingly, motor researchers were thus made aware of the extreme importance of classifying all known motor losses, and accounting for them with the same degree of accuracy as would be exhibited in the well-established science of corporate book-keeping. Ultimately, such practices would lead to the development of two principle kinds of Efficiency Measurements, both very valuable in all research pertaining to rotating components, but, particularly valuable for developing an understanding of over-unity as a scientific fact. Both efficiency concepts shall be fully explained in this presentation. Simply, this book serves as a definitive guide for those who wish to properly validate their input vs output claims.INCLUDES copies of one of the most significant and important patents in history and a related patent on Jim Murray's Dynaflux Alternator for convenience as it is used as an example in the calculations.