Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Health Economic Evaluation Of Primary Prevention Strategies Against Cardiovascular Disease full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Health Economic Evaluation Of Primary Prevention Strategies Against Cardiovascular Disease ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Download or read book Health Economic Evaluation of Primary Prevention Strategies Against Cardiovascular Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805202
Total Pages : 948 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5) written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Author : Nathalie Eckard
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9175191423
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (751 download)
Download or read book The matter of economic evaluations in health policy decision-making: The case of the Swedish national guidelines for heart diseases written by Nathalie Eckard and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic evaluations are used to inform decision makers about the efficient allocation of scarce healthcare resources and are generated with the direct intent to support decisions in healthcare. Producing guidelines is a complex process and the inclusion of health-economic aspects in the formulation of the Swedish national guidelines as a basis for the written recommendations (priority gradings), distinguishes them from their European counterparts. Despite the increased use of cost-effectiveness data in decision-making, little is known about the actual use of such data. This thesis covers issues concerning how economic evaluations matter in health policy decision-making. The thesis includes four papers based on the Swedish national guidelines for heart diseases, one of the most prominent examples in Sweden of following the notion of evidence-based policy (EBP), in order to inform explicit priority setting. Both Papers I and II followed a qualitative case study design, based on the same data set. Paper I explored how a specific working group, the Priority Setting Group (PSG), handled the various forms of evidence and values when producing the national guidelines. Two themes were identified in reaching collective agreement in priority gradings; group facilitation activities and avoiding deadlock in the discussion. The work process involved disagreement and negotiation as part of that task. Paper I contributes to the theoretical and practical debate on EBP. Paper II focused on the use of cost-effectiveness data as decision support in the PSG work process. The paper addressed availability of cost-effectiveness data, evidence understanding, interpretation difficulties, and the reliance on evidence. Three themes were identified. The paper contributes to knowledge on how cost-effectiveness evidence was used in actual decision-making. The use of cost-effectiveness evidence was one of many tools employed to avoid deadlock in discussion and to reach a priority grading, when the overall evidence base was weak, in times of uncertainty and on the introduction of new expensive medical technologies. Quantitative research methods were used for both Papers III and IV. Paper III explored how the PSG was presented with cost-effectiveness evidence as decision support and as a basis for their priority gradings. Cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were provided, based on a systematic literature review, as well as how the results may be conveyed and communicated, for the treatment of heart diseases using a cost-effectiveness ranking or league and providing valid information within a limited space, aiding decision makers on the allocation of healthcare resources. The thesis also includes decision support in the form of cost-effectiveness analysis on catheter ablation treatment. Paper IV provides an example of presenting evidence in the form of a decision-analytic model. The modelling approach provides an analytic framework for decision-making, specifically under conditions of uncertainty as in the introduction of new medical technology. Catheter ablation was associated with reduced cost and an incremental gain in quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and was considered a cost-effective treatment strategy compared to the medical treatment strategy in a lifetime perspective.
Download or read book Modeling the Economics of Prevention written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease and stroke, is the most common cause of death world wide, with a prevalence that is expected to increase. The consequences of the modern lifestyle such as obesity and physical inactivity are also associated with the risk of developing diabetes, another risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Patients who have developed cardiovascular disease are also of high risk of subsequent events. Measures to prevent disease would lead to health gains in the population, but such measures come at a cost. As health care systems have come under increasing economic strain, it is necessary to carefully assess the economic consequences of new interventions to see if they represent money well spent. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the use of different epidemiological materials when conducting economic evaluations. This was done by performing economic evaluations based on four different trials: two in primary prevention and two in secondary prevention. In primary prevention, a program of diet and/or exercise to prevent cardiovascular disease directed towards 60 year old men and an intensive lifestyle intervention program to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with impaired glucose tolerance was evaluated. In secondary prevention, the use of clopidogrel in addition to acetylsalicylic acid was evaluated in patients with acute coronary syndromes and in the subset of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. To perform the economic evaluation, computer simulation models were constructed. These models used data from the clinical trials and from different epidemiological data sources to estimate the risk of events in different populations and to extrapolate the effects on mortality caused by the end-points used in the clinical trials. Where surrogate endpoints (such as blood pressure reduction) were used, risk-functions based on epidemiological data were used to t
Author : William S. Weintraub
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592593984
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Cardiovascular Health Care Economics written by William S. Weintraub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-25 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illuminating and timely synthesis of methodological and clinical studies showing how medical costs can be established, how the value of clinical outcomes can be assessed, and how difficult choices can be rationally made. The methodological chapters review the conceptual and practical issues involved in estimating and interpreting health care costs, making health status and utility assessments, and statistically analyzing cost-effectiveness and clinical trials. The clinical chapters apply these methods to the major clinical areas of cardiology-primary prevention of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, angioplasty vs coronary bypass surgery, CABG vs medicine, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiac surgery. Additional chapters consider the use of economic studies for policy purposes and the future of Medicare under a balanced budget in an aging America.
Author : Anja Neumann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Cost-Effectiveness of Using Statins in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases written by Anja Neumann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aim of the study Hypercholesterinaemia is considered to be one of the major risk factors for arteriosclerosis, and the use of statins as cholesterol lowering drug has extensively increased during the last years. Considering the large number of patients with hypercholesterinaemia, this increased use has an important economic impact. The objective of this study is to examine the cost-effectiveness of statin use in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods In an interdisciplinary health technology assessment project a systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify all relevant studies on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases using statins based on a documented search and selection of the literature using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessing the quality of the included studies. Data on medical outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness were extracted, and study characteristics and results of economic evaluations have been synthesised in evidence tables. Results The studies included in the economic evaluation estimated a cost-effectiveness ratio of Ĩ 37,013 per life year gained within the context of primary prevention based on the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). The cost-effectiveness ratio for secondary prevention ranged from Ĩ 4,490 within the scope of LIPS modelling to ,313 per life year gained based on the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT-LLA). Cost-benefit analyses calculated results between Ĩ 4,671 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained in the Lescol Intervention Prevention Trial (LIPS) and Ĩ 36,238 QALY gained based on different models using Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) data. Conclusions The cost-effectiveness ratios in the context of the studies for primary prevention based on data from WOSCOPS and AFCAPS are significantly higher than those for secondary prevention. These results yielded for secondary prevention can be interpreted as cost-effective. With regard to primary prevention, this must be regarded as limited and assessed in terms of the risk of a cardiac or cardiovascular event.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030914809X
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines. The book is an important resource for federal public health officials and organizations, especially the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as medical professionals and community health workers.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0335262279
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)
Download or read book Promoting Health, Preventing Disease The Economic Case written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of evidence from economic studies shows areas where appropriate policies can generate health and other benefits at an affordable cost, sometimes reducing health expenditure and helping to redress health inequalities at the same time.
Author : Tom Marshall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book An Economic Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Primary Care written by Tom Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ortrud Wendt
Publisher : diplom.de
ISBN 13 : 3832402365
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (324 download)
Download or read book Economic Aspects of Preventive Measures in Coronary Artery Disease written by Ortrud Wendt and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 1997-09-15 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Rarely are there any objections to this old proverb. Its significance is underscored by the fact that the Major causes of death today are the degenerative, chronic diseases of civilization. Abundant evidence has been accumulated that these diseases can often be prevented. However, the appeal of prevention lies not only in its ability to reduce suffering from disease but also in its assumed power to reduce the costs of health care. At first sight it appears that promoting health and preventing disease would easily rehabilitate the health care system, granting prevention a prominent spot an the health policy agenda. For example in Germany, prevention in the form of health check-ups was introduced to the catalogue of services to be offered by health insurance companies in 1989. Yet, concerns have been raised that prevention may not reduce but rather add to the costs of health care. Especially in the case of prevention of chronic diseases, death or sickness can only be postponed but never avoided. Thus, a careful analysis of all the effects of preventive measures is necessary to assess their full economic consequences. Cardiovascular diseases, primarily coronary artery disease and stroke, account for the majority of deaths in industrialized countries. In the United States these diseases kill nearly as many Americans as all other diseases combined and are also among the leading causes of disability. The aggregate cost of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the United States is enormous, costing the country between 50 and 100 billion dollars per year for medical treatment and lost wages. Nonetheless, over the past two decades, the mortality from cardiovascular disease has declined dramatically: 40 per-cent for coronary artery disease. Major contributions to this decline came from risk factor reduction and changes in lifestyles. Moreover, new technology, improved pharmacology as well as better surgical techniques contributed to this decline. Risk factor reduction and changes in lifestyle are preventive measures in coronary artery disease with a straightforward appeal. Preventing the disease not only means avoiding the pain and suffering of the individual but also avoiding the risk of irreversible consequences and permanent damage. In addition to these obvious benefits, the costs of many preventive measures, for example screening tests, appear to be very small. Nevertheless, the [...]
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)
Download or read book An Economic Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Primary Care written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lars Lindholm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789171911018
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Health Economic Evaluation of Community-based Cardiovascular Disease Prevention written by Lars Lindholm and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : U. Laaser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642757812
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Costs and Benefits in Health Care and Prevention written by U. Laaser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main purposes of medical cost-benefit analyses is to define the rational priorities in health care. This book ambitiously undertakes to compare the cost-benefit analyses of three countries: the United States, Germany and Israel. Cardiovascular disease is focused on to provide a model case study, but other areas also provide examples. The contribu- tions consider in particular two recent developments. These are the increase in comprehensive epidemiological data, es- pecially with regards to risk factors, and improved methodo- logy for measuring the quality of life. The contributions stem from clinicians, epidemiologists and health economists who give an overall picture of these complex issues and the prospects for the future.
Author : WHO Expert Committee on Community Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Community Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases written by WHO Expert Committee on Community Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241562584
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (625 download)
Download or read book Prevention of Recurrent Heart Attacks and Strokes in Low- and Middle-income Populations written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication summarizes the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A commentary on the evidence for cardiovascular prevention in peripheral vascular disease and diabetes is also included. Each review of evidence is followed by a short summary of clinical recommendations for secondary prevention. A review of other considerations influencing policy-makers in the implementation of secondary prevention strategies including health economics follows. Finally, the book identifies areas in which research is needed to improve secondary prevention of CVD in low- and middle-income populations. This publication is intended for practicing physicians responsible for the care of patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) - specifically CHD and CeVD - in low- and middle-income populations and countries. The aim is to provide general guidance about the effectiveness - or lack of effectiveness - of specific interventions, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. In addition, the information will help a wide range of health professionals concerned with individual and community care and will provide guidance to health policy-makers about the broader issues pertaining to implementation of interventions in low- and middle-income populations.
Author : Richard Cookson
Publisher : Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation
ISBN 13 : 0198838190
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis written by Richard Cookson and published by Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Author : Guiqing Yao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (757 download)
Download or read book The Economic Evaluations of Interventions for Heart Diseases written by Guiqing Yao and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary aim of the thesis was to report new cost-effectiveness evidence in the clinical area of heart disease. Following a review of published empirical work, this was achieved by undertaking three new cost-effectiveness studies: one in nurse-led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care, one on cardiac resynchronisation therapy with or without an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in chronic heart failure, and the final one on a new drug therapy, nebivolol, compared with standard treatment in elderly patients with heart failure. The second aim of the thesis concerned the application of modelling methodology, with the intent being the provision of general recommendations in using Markov modelling approaches in economic evaluation conducted in the heart disease area. The focus was on extrapolation of cost-effectiveness of an intervention beyond a trial both in terms of the time horizon of the analysis and in relation to the population involved. Fundamental issues in parametric distribution functions and Markov modelling approaches have been revisited, with detailed consideration of which parametric distribution functions should be employed when extrapolating beyond a trial and how they could be adopted into model-based analyses. The need for further methodology investigations in this area is discussed in conclusion.
