Hawaii At The Crossroads Of The Us And Japan Before The Pacific War

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Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan before the Pacific War

Author : Jon Thares Davidann
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824862759
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan before the Pacific War by : Jon Thares Davidann

Download or read book Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan before the Pacific War written by Jon Thares Davidann and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hawai‘i at the Crossroads tells the story of Hawai‘i’s role in the emergence of Japanese cultural and political internationalism during the interwar period. Following World War I, Japan became an important global power and Hawai‘i Japanese represented its largest and most significant emigrant group. During the 1920s and 1930s, Hawai‘i’s Japanese American population provided Japan with a welcome opportunity to expand its international and intercultural contacts. This volume, based on papers presented at the 2001 Crossroads Conference by scholars from the U.S., Japan, and Australia, explores U.S.–Japanese conflict and cooperation in Hawai‘i—truly the crossroads of relations between the two countries prior to the Pacific War. From the 1880s to 1924, 180,000 Japanese emigrants arrived in the U.S. A little less than half of those original arrivals settled in Hawai‘i; by 1900 they constituted the largest ethnic group in the Islands, making them of special interest to Tokyo. Even after its withdrawal from the League of Nations in 1933, Japan viewed Hawai‘i as a largely sympathetic and supportive ally. Through its influential international conferences, Hawai‘i’s Institute of Pacific Relations conducted a program that was arguably the only informal diplomatic channel of consequence left to Japan following its withdrawal from the League. The Islands represented Japan’s best opportunity to explain itself to the U.S.; here American and Japanese diplomats, official and unofficial, could work to resolve the growing tension between their two countries. College exchange programs and substantial trade and business opportunities continued between Japan and Hawai‘i right up until December 1941. While hopes on both sides of the Pacific were shattered by the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japan-Hawai‘i connection underlying not a few of them remains important, informative, and above all compelling. Its further exploration provided the rationale for the Crossroads Conference and the essays compiled here. Contributors: Tomoko Akami, Jon Davidann, Masako Gavin, Paul Hooper, Michiko Itò, Nobuo Katagiri, Hiromi Monobe, Moriya Tomoe, Shimada Noriko, Mariko Takagi-Kitayama, Eileen H. Tamura.

Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan Before the Pacific War

Author : Jon Thares Davidann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780824869267
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (692 download)

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Book Synopsis Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan Before the Pacific War by : Jon Thares Davidann

Download or read book Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan Before the Pacific War written by Jon Thares Davidann and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text tells the story of Hawaii's role in the emergence of Japanese cultural and political internationalism during the interwar period. It explores US-Japanese conflict and cooperation in Hawaii.

Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan before the Pacific War

Author : Jon Thares Davidann
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824832256
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan before the Pacific War by : Jon Thares Davidann

Download or read book Hawaii at the Crossroads of the U.S. and Japan before the Pacific War written by Jon Thares Davidann and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hawai‘i at the Crossroads tells the story of Hawai‘i’s role in the emergence of Japanese cultural and political internationalism during the interwar period. Following World War I, Japan became an important global power and Hawai‘i Japanese represented its largest and most significant emigrant group. During the 1920s and 1930s, Hawai‘i’s Japanese American population provided Japan with a welcome opportunity to expand its international and intercultural contacts. This volume, based on papers presented at the 2001 Crossroads Conference by scholars from the U.S., Japan, and Australia, explores U.S.–Japanese conflict and cooperation in Hawai‘i—truly the crossroads of relations between the two countries prior to the Pacific War. From the 1880s to 1924, 180,000 Japanese emigrants arrived in the U.S. A little less than half of those original arrivals settled in Hawai‘i; by 1900 they constituted the largest ethnic group in the Islands, making them of special interest to Tokyo. Even after its withdrawal from the League of Nations in 1933, Japan viewed Hawai‘i as a largely sympathetic and supportive ally. Through its influential international conferences, Hawai‘i’s Institute of Pacific Relations conducted a program that was arguably the only informal diplomatic channel of consequence left to Japan following its withdrawal from the League. The Islands represented Japan’s best opportunity to explain itself to the U.S.; here American and Japanese diplomats, official and unofficial, could work to resolve the growing tension between their two countries. College exchange programs and substantial trade and business opportunities continued between Japan and Hawai‘i right up until December 1941. While hopes on both sides of the Pacific were shattered by the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japan-Hawai‘i connection underlying not a few of them remains important, informative, and above all compelling. Its further exploration provided the rationale for the Crossroads Conference and the essays compiled here. Contributors: Tomoko Akami, Jon Davidann, Masako Gavin, Paul Hooper, Michiko Itò, Nobuo Katagiri, Hiromi Monobe, Moriya Tomoe, Shimada Noriko, Mariko Takagi-Kitayama, Eileen H. Tamura.

Japanese America on the Eve of the Pacific War

Author : Kaoru Ueda
Publisher : Hoover Press
ISBN 13 : 0817926062
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis Japanese America on the Eve of the Pacific War by : Kaoru Ueda

Download or read book Japanese America on the Eve of the Pacific War written by Kaoru Ueda and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The era sandwiched between the 1924 US Immigration Act and the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor marks an important yet largely buried period of Japanese American history. This book offers the first English translation of Yasuo Sakata's seminal essay arguing that the 1930s constitutes a chronological and conceptual "missing link" between two predominant research interests: the pre-1924 immigration exclusion and the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. The anthology pays tribute to Sakata's role as a foremost historian of early Japanese America and transpacific migration while providing an opportunity for a younger generation of scholars to reflect on his contributions and carve out a new area of research in Japanese American history. Original and translated essays from scholars of varied backgrounds and generations explore topics from diplomacy, geopolitics, and trade to immigrant and ethnic nationalism, education, and citizenship. Together, they attempt to catalyze further research and writing based on the thorough and careful analysis of primary-source materials, an effort that Sakata spearheaded in both the United States and Japan.

The Changing Terrain of Religious Freedom

Author : Heather J. Sharkey
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812298306
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Terrain of Religious Freedom by : Heather J. Sharkey

Download or read book The Changing Terrain of Religious Freedom written by Heather J. Sharkey and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Changing Terrain of Religious Freedom offers theoretical, historical, and legal perspectives on religious freedom, while examining its meaning as an experience, value, and right. The volume starts from the premise that the terrain of religious freedom has never been easy and smooth. Across societies and throughout history, defending or contesting principles of religious freedom has required compromise among multiple interests, balancing values, and wrangling with the law. Drawing on examples from the United States and around the world, and approaching the subject from the disciplines of history, law, sociology, philosophy, religious studies, and political science, the essays in this volume illustrate these challenges. They sketch the contours of contemporary debates while showing how the landscape of religious freedom has shifted over time. They consider various stakeholders that have asserted competing claims, among them individuals and groups; members of minority and majority communities; states and corporations (including both religious organizations and businesses); and believers and non-believers. Taken together, the studies in this volume suggest that understanding religious freedom means grappling with conflicting and perhaps irreconcilable claims about whose rights should prevail over others, what religion is or may be, and how religion should relate to other cultural values.

K.K. Kawakami and U.S.-Japan Relations

Author : William D. Hoover
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1666915203
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (669 download)

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Book Synopsis K.K. Kawakami and U.S.-Japan Relations by : William D. Hoover

Download or read book K.K. Kawakami and U.S.-Japan Relations written by William D. Hoover and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2023 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-Japan relations occupy an important position in international affairs. This book analyzes the writings of Japanese journalist K. K. Kawakami to provide insight into the decline of U.S.-Japan relations from 1901 to 1941. His writings do much to help us understand the reasons behind the clash at Pearl Harbor.

Faking Liberties

Author : Jolyon Baraka Thomas
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022661896X
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Faking Liberties by : Jolyon Baraka Thomas

Download or read book Faking Liberties written by Jolyon Baraka Thomas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious freedom is a founding tenet of the United States, and it has frequently been used to justify policies towards other nations. Such was the case in 1945 when Americans occupied Japan following World War II. Though the Japanese constitution had guaranteed freedom of religion since 1889, the United States declared that protection faulty, and when the occupation ended in 1952, they claimed to have successfully replaced it with “real” religious freedom. Through a fresh analysis of pre-war Japanese law, Jolyon Baraka Thomas demonstrates that the occupiers’ triumphant narrative obscured salient Japanese political debates about religious freedom. Indeed, Thomas reveals that American occupiers also vehemently disagreed about the topic. By reconstructing these vibrant debates, Faking Liberties unsettles any notion of American authorship and imposition of religious freedom. Instead, Thomas shows that, during the Occupation, a dialogue about freedom of religion ensued that constructed a new global set of political norms that continue to form policies today.

American Religious History [3 volumes]

Author : Gary Scott Smith
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1613 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis American Religious History [3 volumes] by : Gary Scott Smith

Download or read book American Religious History [3 volumes] written by Gary Scott Smith and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 1613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mix of thematic essays, reference entries, and primary source documents covering the role of religion in American history and life from the colonial era to the present. Often controversial, religion has been an important force in shaping American culture. Religious convictions strongly influenced colonial and state governments as well as the United States as a new republic. Religious teachings, values, and practices deeply affected political structures and policies, economic ideology and practice, educational institutions and instruction, social norms and customs, marriage, and family life. By analyzing religion's interaction with American culture and prominent religious leaders and ideologies, this reference helps readers to better understand many fascinating, often controversial, religious leaders, ideas, events, and topics. The work is organized in three volumes devoted to particular periods. Volume one includes a chronology highlighting key events related to religion in American history and an introduction that overviews religion in America during the period covered by the volume, and roughly 10 essays that explore significant themes. These essays are followed by approximately 120 alphabetically arranged reference entries providing objective, fundamental information about topics related to religion in America. Each volume presents nearly 50 primary source documents, each introduced by a contextualizing headnote. A selected, general bibliography closes volume three.

The Gateway to the Pacific

Author : Meredith Oda
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022659274X
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gateway to the Pacific by : Meredith Oda

Download or read book The Gateway to the Pacific written by Meredith Oda and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decades following World War II, municipal leaders and ordinary citizens embraced San Francisco’s identity as the “Gateway to the Pacific,” using it to reimagine and rebuild the city. The city became a cosmopolitan center on account of its newfound celebration of its Japanese and other Asian American residents, its economy linked with Asia, and its favorable location for transpacific partnerships. The most conspicuous testament to San Francisco’s postwar transpacific connections is the Japanese Cultural and Trade Center in the city’s redeveloped Japanese-American enclave. Focusing on the development of the Center, Meredith Oda shows how this multilayered story was embedded within a larger story of the changing institutions and ideas that were shaping the city. During these formative decades, Oda argues, San Francisco’s relations with and ideas about Japan were being forged within the intimate, local sites of civic and community life. This shift took many forms, including changes in city leadership, new municipal institutions, and especially transformations in the built environment. Newly friendly relations between Japan and the United States also meant that Japanese Americans found fresh, if highly constrained, job and community prospects just as the city’s African Americans struggled against rising barriers. San Francisco’s story is an inherently local one, but it also a broader story of a city collectively, if not cooperatively, reimagining its place in a global economy.

California and Hawai'i Bound

Author : Henry Knight
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496212134
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis California and Hawai'i Bound by : Henry Knight

Download or read book California and Hawai'i Bound written by Henry Knight and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2021-08 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henry Knight Lozano explores how U.S. boosters, writers, politicians, and settlers promoted and imagined California and Hawai‘i as connected places, and how this relationship reveals the fraught constructions of an Americanized Pacific West from the 1840s to the 1950s.

Pacific Pioneers

Author : John E. Van Sant
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252051955
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Pacific Pioneers by : John E. Van Sant

Download or read book Pacific Pioneers written by John E. Van Sant and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shipwrecked sailors, samurai seeking a material and sometimes spiritual education, and laborers seeking to better their economic situation: these early Japanese travelers to the West occupy a little-known corner of Asian American studies. Pacific Pioneers profiles the first Japanese who resided in the United States or the Kingdom of Hawaii for a substantial period of time and the Westerners who influenced their experiences. Although Japanese immigrants did not start arriving in substantial numbers in the West until after 1880, in the previous thirty years a handful of key encounters helped shape relations between Japan and the United States. John E. Van Sant explores the motivations and accomplishments of these resourceful, sometimes visionary individuals who made important inroads into a culture quite different from their own and paved the way for the Issei and Nisei. Pacific Pioneers presents detailed biographical sketches of Japanese such as Joseph Heco, Niijima Jo, and the converts to the Brotherhood of the New Life and introduces the American benefactors, such as William Griffis, David Murray, and Thomas Lake Harris, who built relationships with their foreign visitors. Van Sant also examines the uneasy relations between Japanese laborers and sugar cane plantation magnates in Hawaii during this period and the shortlived Wakamatsu colony of Japanese tea and silk producers in California. A valuable addition to the literature, Pacific Pioneers brings to life a cast of colorful, long-forgotten characters while forging a critical link between Asian and Asian American studies.

Hawaii Under the Rising Sun

Author : John J. Stephan
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824825508
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Hawaii Under the Rising Sun by : John J. Stephan

Download or read book Hawaii Under the Rising Sun written by John J. Stephan and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This lively, provocative study challenges the widely held belief that the Japanese did not intend to invade the Hawaiian Islands.” —Choice “A disquieting book, which shatters several historical illusions that have almost come to be accepted as facts. It will remind historians how complex and ambiguous history really is.” —American Historical Review

Alternate Currents

Author : Justin B. Stein
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824896416
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternate Currents by : Justin B. Stein

Download or read book Alternate Currents written by Justin B. Stein and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the second half of the twentieth century, Reiki went from an obscure therapy practiced by a few thousand Japanese and Japanese Americans to a global phenomenon. By the early twenty-first century, people in nearly every corner of the world have undergone the initiations that authorize them to channel a cosmic energy--known as Reiki--to heal body, mind, and spirit. They lay hands on themselves and others, use secret symbols and incantations to send Reiki to distant recipients, and strive to follow five precepts to cultivate their spiritual growth. Reiki's international rise and development is due to the work of Hawayo Takata (1900-1980), a Hawai°i-born Japanese American woman who brought Reiki out of Japan and adapted it for thousands of students in Hawai°i and North America, shaping interconnections across the North Pacific region as well as cultural transformations over the transwar period spanning World War II. Alternate Currents: Reiki's Circulation in the Twentieth-Century North Pacific analyzes how, from her training in Japan in the mid-1930s to her death in Iowa in 1980, Takata built a vast trans-Pacific network that connected Japanese American laborers on Hawai°i plantations to social elites in Tokyo, Hollywood, and New York; middle class housewives in American suburbs; and off-the-grid tree planters in the mountains of British Columbia. Using recently uncovered archival materials and original oral histories, Stein examines how these relationships between healer and patient, master and disciple, became deeply infused with values of their time and place and how they interplayed with Reiki's circulation, performance, and meanings along with broader cultural shifts in the twentieth-century North Pacific. Highly readable and informative, each chapter is structured around a period in the life of Takata, the charismatic, rags-to-riches architect of the network in which Reiki spread for decades. Alternate Currents explores Reiki as an exemplary transnational spiritual therapy, demonstrating how lived practices transcend artificial distinctions between religion and medicine, and circulate in global systems while maintaining strong connections with the practices' homeland"--

Listen but Don't Ask Question

Author : Kevin Fellezs
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 1478007419
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Listen but Don't Ask Question by : Kevin Fellezs

Download or read book Listen but Don't Ask Question written by Kevin Fellezs and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performed on an acoustic steel-string guitar with open tunings and a finger-picking technique, Hawaiian slack key guitar music emerged in the mid-nineteenth century. Though performed on a non-Hawaiian instrument, it is widely considered to be an authentic Hawaiian tradition grounded in Hawaiian aesthetics and cultural values. In Listen But Don’t Ask Question Kevin Fellezs listens to Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) and non-Hawaiian slack key guitarists in Hawai‘i, California, and Japan, attentive to the ways in which notions of Kanaka Maoli belonging and authenticity are negotiated and articulated in all three locations. In Hawai‘i, slack key guitar functions as a sign of Kanaka Maoli cultural renewal, resilience, and resistance in the face of appropriation and occupation, while in Japan it nurtures a merged Japanese-Hawaiian artistic and cultural sensibility. For diasporic Hawaiians in California, it provides a way to claim Hawaiian identity. By demonstrating how slack key guitar is a site for the articulation of Hawaiian values, Fellezs illuminates how slack key guitarists are reconfiguring notions of Hawaiian belonging, aesthetics, and politics throughout the transPacific.

American Sutra

Author : Duncan Ryuken Williams
Publisher : Belknap Press
ISBN 13 : 0674986539
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis American Sutra by : Duncan Ryuken Williams

Download or read book American Sutra written by Duncan Ryuken Williams and published by Belknap Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II is not only a tale of injustice; it is a moving story of faith. In this pathbreaking account, Duncan Ryūken Williams reveals how, even as they were stripped of their homes and imprisoned in camps, Japanese-American Buddhists launched one of the most inspiring defenses of religious freedom in our nation's history, insisting that they could be both Buddhist and American.--

A Power in the World

Author : Lorenz Gonschor
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824880188
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis A Power in the World by : Lorenz Gonschor

Download or read book A Power in the World written by Lorenz Gonschor and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few people today know that in the nineteenth century, Hawai‘i was not only an internationally recognized independent nation but played a crucial role in the entire Pacific region and left an important legacy throughout Oceania. As the first non-Western state to gain full recognition as a coequal of the Western powers, yet at the same time grounded in indigenous tradition and identity, the Hawaiian Kingdom occupied a unique position in the late nineteenth-century world order. From this position, Hawai‘i’s leaders were able to promote the building of independent states based on their country’s model throughout the Pacific, envisioning the region to become politically unified. Such a pan-Oceanian polity would be able to withstand foreign colonialism and become, in the words of one of the idea’s pioneers, “a Power in the World.” After being developed over three decades among both native and non-native intellectuals close to the Hawaiian court, King Kalākaua’s government started implementing this vision in 1887 by concluding a treaty of confederation with Sāmoa, a first step toward a larger Hawaiian-led pan-Oceanian federation. Political unrest and Western imperialist interference in both Hawai‘i and Sāmoa prevented the project from advancing further at the time, and a long interlude of colonialism and occupation has obscured its legacy for over a century. Nonetheless it remains an inspiring historical precedent for movements toward greater political and economic integration in the Pacific Islands region today. Lorenz Gonschor examines two intertwined historical processes: The development of a Hawai‘i-based pan-Oceanian policy and underlying ideology, which in turn provided the rationale for the second process, the spread of the Hawaiian Kingdom’s constitutional model to other Pacific archipelagos. He argues that the legacy of this visionary policy is today re-emerging in the form of two interconnected movements—namely a growing movement in Hawai‘i to reclaim its legacy as Oceania’s historically leading nation-state on one hand, and an increasingly assertive Oceanian regionalism emanating mainly from Fiji and other postcolonial states in the Southwestern Pacific on the other. As a historical reference for both, nineteenth-century Hawaiian policy serves as an inspiration and guideline for envisioning de-colonial futures for the Pacific region.

New Zealand's France

Author : Alistair Watts
Publisher : Aykay Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0473560364
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (735 download)

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Book Synopsis New Zealand's France by : Alistair Watts

Download or read book New Zealand's France written by Alistair Watts and published by Aykay Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In New Zealand’s France, Dr Alistair Watts investigates the origins of the New Zealand nation state from a fresh perspective — one that moves beyond the traditional bicultural view prevalent in the current New Zealand historiography. That New Zealand became British in the 1840s owes much, Dr Watts contends, to that other great colonial power of the time, France. The rich history of British antagonism towards the French was transported to New Zealand in the 1830s and 1840s as part of the British colonists’ cultural baggage, to be used in creating an old identity in a new land. Even as the British colonists sought a new beginning, this defining anti-French characteristic caused them to override the existing Māori culture with their own constructs of time and place. Leaving their signature names in the cities of Wellington and Nelson and naming their streets after Waterloo and Collingwood, the British colonisers attempted to establish a local antithesis of France through a bucolic Little Britain in the South Pacific. It was this legacy, as much as the assumed bicultural origins of modern New Zealand, that produced a Pacific country that still relies on the symbolism of the Union Jack embedded in the national flag and the totemic constitutional presence of the British Crown to maintain its national identity. This is the story of how this came about.